Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:46:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KEILA EIKO FELIPE MORI DALLARA.pdf: 712675 bytes, checksum: 84f20ba60ba9cf5a016c41df8aeba410 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / The Copyright Office is essential that aims to preserve the credit and economic exploitation by the authors over their creations. The present study deals with the analysis of protection taking into account the application of civil liability duty to indemnify those who violate the precepts of protection of copyright. Alongside is a survey of the current condition of the educational system combined with parental economic deficiencies of the population and the difficulty in gaining access to literary works in the learning process. Seeks to raise questions about the need for change in order parental aiming flexibility regarding the copyright to allow free access to works protected by the academic community. / O Direito Autoral é instituto fundamental que visa preservar os créditos e a exploração econômica por parte dos autores em relação as suas criações. O presente estudo trata da análise desta proteção levando em consideração a aplicação da responsabilidade civil com dever de indenizar quem viola os preceitos da proteção do direito de autor. Paralelamente é feito um levantamento da atual condição do sistema educacional pátrio combinado com as deficiências econômicas da população e a dificuldade em se ter acesso a obras literárias no processo de aprendizagem. Busca-se levantar questionamentos a cerca da necessidade de alteração do ordenamento pátrio visando flexibilizar o Direito Autoral no tocante a permitir acesso livre a obras protegidas por parte da comunidade acadêmica.

在網絡上，資訊技術及其使用改革了版權作品的使用方式。因特網根本性改變了版權市場。本文試圖論證，中國內地法律必須給予資訊技術足夠的發展空間，同時不能不合理地損害版權所有人的利益。 / 本文認爲，在中國版權立法和適用中，版權功利主義理論起著根本性作用。根據功利主義，版權法的目標是促使社會文明的最大化發展。而且中國政府必須發展數字經濟，且須保證其版權法合理地促使網絡中間商運行和投資中國數字經濟。中國版權法需爲資訊技術提供足夠的發展空間。 / 基於為資訊技術發展尋求足夠發展空間的目的，本文分析了Sony案抗辯，通知－删除避風港，誘導侵權和合理使用。中國必須合理解釋中國現有制度，從而避免給網絡中間商加以不合理的責任。關於版權侵權抗辯，中國應該引入美國的 Sony抗辯，作為衡量是否侵犯版權的一個因素。且避風港保護的範圍應該被擴展至包含所有網路中間商，以保證未來技術的未知發展擁有足夠的呼吸空間。而且，至少，中國應該採用某些善意轉換性使用的窮盡式合理使用抗辯，以促進現有技術的運行。且更合適的是，採用非窮盡式的合理使用抗辯，其範圍包括所有對社會有用的網路中間服務的必須運營活動，並通過確保資訊技術發展的方式。 / 一個好的法律框架可以對人類的進步有著積極的影響，不然它會對社會發展起著阻礙作用。我們需要的法律框架應該同時促進版權和信息傳播技術的發展。這意味著，在保證版權産業正常運行的同時，該法律框架應爲技術發展提供肥沃的成長土壤。 / Information technology and its usage on the internet have revolutionized the way in which various copyrighted works are captured, stored, copied and distributed. By expanding the breadth, diversity and sheer number of copyrighted works in existence, the internet has fundamentally changed the nature of copyright markets. / This thesis attempts to argue that the laws in Mainland China should reserve enough space for information technologies to develop, without unreasonably prejudicing the interests of copyright holders. / This thesis contends that the utilitarian justification for copyright plays an underlying role in both Chinese copyright legislation and judicial application. Under the utilitarian model in China, fostering a maximization of culture development is the aim of the copyright law. As such, in the era of information overload, the Chinese government should aim to develop the Digital Economy. In order to achieve this aim, it needs to start by ensuring that its copyright law appropriately enables Internet Intermediaries to operate and to invest in creating Chinese Digital Economy. Copyright law in China needs to create room to move. / This thesis examines Sony defense, notice-and-take-down safe harbors, inducement liability and fair use, for the purpose of seeking enough space for information technology development. The existing rules in China, e.g. inducement liability, should be interpreted as avoiding placing unreasonable burden on internet intermediaries. As to the defenses against copyright infringement, Sony defense in the US should be introduced as a factor in assessing copyright infringement in China. And the scope of safe harbor protection should be extended to include all internet intermediaries, for the purpose of providing breathing room for unanticipated technology developments. Moreover, at the very least, certain fair dealing exceptions for certain transformative use in good faith should be adopted in China to foster the existing operations of information technology. And it is more desirable to introduce a non-exhaustive fair dealing exception to cover activities necessary to run all socially useful internet intermeiary services, in the way of ensuring information technology development. / A well-designed legal system should have positive impacts on the human progress; or otherwise, it would have deterrence effects on the social development. A legal system which promotes both copyright and communication technologies creations is what we need in the future. This kind of system requires a fertile land for technologies innovation without destroying the developments of the entertainment industries / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Xie, Lin. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Thesis Argument --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Background --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Summary --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Theoretical Framework in China --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Justifications for Copyright --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Traditional Chinese Culture --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Development of Modern Copyright Law in China --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- International Relationship --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Utilitarian Justification in Digital Era in China --- p.31 / Chapter 3 --- Aggressive Measures on the Unauthorized File-sharing Problem --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Criminal Liability of Internet users --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Benefits and Costs --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Graduated Response Scheme --- p.52 / Chapter 3.4 --- The Nature of Unauthorized Online File-sharing Problem --- p.59 / Chapter 3.5 --- Alternative Solutions --- p.65 / Chapter 3.6 --- Implications for China --- p.68 / Chapter 4 --- Sony Defense under Traditional Indirect Liabilities --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1 --- Traditional Liabilities for Third Parties’ Infringement --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2 --- Sony Defense --- p.82 / Chapter 4.3 --- Assessing Sony Defense --- p.98 / Chapter 5 --- The Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors of Online Service Providers --- p.102 / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction on the Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors --- p.102 / Chapter 5.2 --- Threshold Requirements of the Notice-and-Take-Down Safe Harbors --- p.108 / Chapter 5.3 --- A Proposed Safe Harbor Framework in China --- p.142 / Chapter 6 --- Inducement Liability of Service Providers --- p.145 / Chapter 6.1 --- Inducement Liability in China --- p.145 / Chapter 6.2 --- Inducement Liability in the US --- p.151 / Chapter 6.3 --- Implications for China --- p.170 / Chapter 7 --- Transformative Use of Copyrighted Works: A Proposed Fair Dealing Exception for Internet Intermediaries --- p.176 / Chapter 7.1 --- Introduction --- p.176 / Chapter 7.2 --- Transformative Use in the US --- p.178 / Chapter 7.3 --- Transformative Use under Australian and Chinese Copyright Law --- p.188 / Chapter 7.4 --- A Proposed Fair Dealing Exception --- p.198 / Chapter 7.5 --- Conclusion --- p.201 / Chapter 8 --- Liabilities of a Search Engine’s Cache --- p.202 / Chapter 8.1 --- Introduction --- p.202 / Chapter 8.2 --- Liabilities of a Search Engine’s Cache in China --- p.208 / Chapter 8.3 --- Direct Infringement --- p.215 / Chapter 8.4 --- The Safe Harbor Protection --- p.223 / Chapter 8.5 --- Implied License --- p.236 / Chapter 8.6 --- Fair Use --- p.242 / Chapter 9 --- Fair Use or Fair Dealing? --- p.246 / Chapter 9.1 --- Introduction --- p.246 / Chapter 9.2 --- Fair Dealing in China --- p.248 / Chapter 9.2 --- Introduce a Flexible Exception into Copyright in China --- p.263 / Chapter 10 --- Conclusion --- p.272

Por que a indústria editorial está empreendendo a difusão do livro digital quando esse padrão tecnológico perturba o regime de proteção e enforcement do copyright? Se a duplicação da criação intelectual e sua transmissão simultânea por meio de um arquivo digital inviabiliza o aparato coercitivo que ampara o enforcement do copyright, emerge daí um paradoxo. Por que precisamos dessa proteção jurídica? A questão central desta dissertação busca responder como a alocação de recursos na indústria editorial revela as escolhas estratégicas específicas para apropriação de lucros. Este trabalho é conduzido como uma pesquisa exploratória multidisciplinar por meio dos referenciais da economia histórica, economia do conhecimento, economia neoinstitucional, sociologia econômica e estratégia. Após a introdução, o trabalho foi desenvolvido em cinco partes. Os quatro capítulos iniciais desenvolvem quatro ensaios teóricos correlacionados em que, por diferentes perspectivas, busca-se elucidar o efeito resultante (positivo ou negativo) da proteção da propriedade intelectual sobre bem-estar social e sobre os mecanismos contratuais e estratégias empregados pelos agentes econômicos em reação ao delineamento jurídico copyright. O último capítulo encerra o trabalho com três pesquisas empíricas. Com o intuito de capturar os efeitos de diferentes ambientes institucionais é feita uma análise institucional comparativa entre quatro países (Brasil, Estados Unidos, França e Reino Unido) no período entre 1999 e 2010, buscando compreender como as organizações alocam recursos para apropriar lucros. A partir dos principais determinantes desta mudança tecnológica as características da regulação de copyright norte-americana e seu peso e influência no comércio internacional de bens intelectuais, na ação estratégica de dois agentes poderosos, a Amazon , Apple e Google e, finalmente, na existência de valor econômico representado pelas obras públicas existentes em domínio público que podem ser capturadas e ofertadas no formato digital - conclui-se que antes de almejar lucro, a indústria editorial busca acordar uma nova organização setorial para a criação e a distribuição de excedentes que vai impactar em uma nova forma de especialização e coordenação da produção. O presente estudo desenvolve uma abordagem de business history, colocando-se como uma interface entre a economia da propriedade intelectual, a análise institucional e a organização da firma e dos mercados / Why is the book business adopting and diffusing the digital book technology when this standard is supposed to disturb the enforcement of the copyright regime? If the digital reproduction of intellectual work is also followed by simultaneous and ubiquitous distribution and making it even harder to enforce the mechanisms that bounds the copyright a paradox emerges as a consequence. Why is this legal regulation necessary? We pursue to investigate the research question how the publishing business resource allocation strategy is correlated to profit appropriation. This dissertation is developed as a multidisciplinary effort based on the theoretical pillars within economic history, knowledge economy, neoinstitutional economics, sociology economics and strategy. After introduction, the work is divided in five chapters. The four initial chapters develop four correlated theoretical essays, with different lenses, aimed to search how the system of intellectual property rights affects, positively and negatively, the welfare and the strategic and contractual mechanisms carried by the economic agent as a reaction towards the copyright legal system. The final chapter concludes the research with three empirical investigations. Four different institutional environments - Brazil, France, United Kingdom and United States are comparatively evaluated in order to capture the effects of the industry resource allocation strategy and its relation to profit appropriation. The conclusion is that the main drivers of technology change - the special features of the North American regulation and its major importance on international trade, the strategic impact of major players, Amazon Apple and Google, and the large number of works available in the public domain to be captured - it is argued that the publishing business is not necessarily seeking to make a profit in the short term but gearing into a new production and distribution arrangement which is going to result in a new system of rent creation and distribution. This research is developed as a business history narrative, positioned within the fields of economics of intellectual property rights, institutional analysis and the study of firm and market organization.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 149 pages. / Thesis (M.A.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Who cares about who owns online courses? Nobody, because that is not what the issue is really about. Ownership is an emotional issue, but controlling the rights of a copyrightable work is tangible and logical. The important question to answer is not who owns online courses, but who controls the rights of any copyrightable work. For universities and faculty members, getting over the emotional issues and down to the foundation of what is truly at stake is of major concern. While it is nearly impossible to create qualitative guidelines for copyright policies and/or contracts, it is eminently possible to examine existing policies and contracts and relate how a handful of universities are handling copyright and intellectual property issues pertaining to online courses. / ABSTRACT: The purpose of this thesis is to provide a starting point for this complex transaction in the form of a resource tool that includes some basic background about copyright law, relevant case law related to "work-for-hire," and relevant academic freedom issues. The original work of this thesis is the creation of a tool, which reviews of a sampling of university policies pertaining to online copyright issues and ownership. Accordingly, the contribution this thesis makes to the understanding and clarification of universities policies related to online material copyright ownership will be important for faculty members and universities in two ways. First, it will help others develop better online copyright policies based on tangible issues rather than emotional ones. Second, this thesis can be a basis for others to build upon for future research on this important topic. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

This study focuses on the Nordic model of Extended Collective Licenses (ECL) and how this model can be used in the process of digitalising and publishing archival material such as photos, letters, maps or films. The question that this study aims to deal with is what advantages, and disadvantages, there are for archives and copyright holders when an ECL is being used. To help answering this question the ‘theory of the knowledge commons’ has been applied. The research question has been answered through a text analysis based on legal texts including Swedish law. To get a wider perspective, international literature such as official and law-binding documents from the Nordic countries and the European Union have also been consulted. Policies and contributions to the debate about making cultural heritage available online have also been included to give light to the complexity of the question. In 2013 the Swedish copyright law was changed to facilitate for certain archives and libraries to sign an agreement with a so called Collective Administration Organization (CAO). There are no examples of ECLs being used by Swedish archives for classical archival materials even if the possibility to draw up this type of agreements has existed since 2005. One of the reasons might be the complexity of the law and that the archival institutions have problems of interpreting it. The institutions often avoid providing access to their materials online or choose material they know is in the public domain already. Finding copyright holders before publishing material online is time-consuming. One of the major advantages of functional ECLs is that they save time and resources – both for the archival institutions and the copyright holders. The ECLs provide an opportunity for the archival institutions to share their collections with the public and the copyrights holders get an organized way to communicate their terms and conditions. This is a two years master’s thesis in Archive, Library and Museum studies.

This thesis examines the change towards a property-based view of information in the fields of copyright, database protection and data privacy. Focus will be placed on the United States and the European Union, as those territories together are responsible for more than half of the world's Internet population. The thesis will attempt to show that a view of information as personal property is not actually benefiting society in general and is dangerous for future progress: economic, scientific and social. The thesis suggests balancing the restrictions on access to information as a whole, meaning viewing the restrictions in copyright, database protection and privacy laws to see how they together affect access to information. It argues that these fields of law should supplement each other in maximizing social welfare through a baseline of public access as opposed to a baseline of monopoly.

Thesis (M.J.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 161-175). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

This thesis explores the South African Copyright Act No. 98 of 1978 as it pertains to the archived holdings at the International Library of African Music (ILAM) situated at Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. The purpose of analysing this law is to advise and assist ILAM in fulfilling royalty payment obligations as stipulated in a contract signed between ILAM and the Smithsonian Global Sound (formally Global Sound Network) in 2001. In order to clearly comprehend the scope of the royalty payment clause in the Smithsonian Institution’s contract with ILAM, this research includes an examination of: the history and nature of South African copyright as a sub-structure of intellectual property; specific internationally documented copyright infringement cases; the recording and documentation practices of Hugh Tracey (ILAM’s founder and director from 1954 to 1977); the contract between Global Sound Network and ILAM; and contentious issues surrounding collective ownership and indigenous knowledge. In conclusion, this research suggests equitable solutions to ILAM’s copyright concerns and proposes the Eastern Cape Music Archiving Project (ECMAP) as a practical vehicle to assist the South African Department of Trade and Industry in implementation of the South African Intellectual Property Amendment Bill (2008) if, and when, it is passed.

Por que a indústria editorial está empreendendo a difusão do livro digital quando esse padrão tecnológico perturba o regime de proteção e enforcement do copyright? Se a duplicação da criação intelectual e sua transmissão simultânea por meio de um arquivo digital inviabiliza o aparato coercitivo que ampara o enforcement do copyright, emerge daí um paradoxo. Por que precisamos dessa proteção jurídica? A questão central desta dissertação busca responder como a alocação de recursos na indústria editorial revela as escolhas estratégicas específicas para apropriação de lucros. Este trabalho é conduzido como uma pesquisa exploratória multidisciplinar por meio dos referenciais da economia histórica, economia do conhecimento, economia neoinstitucional, sociologia econômica e estratégia. Após a introdução, o trabalho foi desenvolvido em cinco partes. Os quatro capítulos iniciais desenvolvem quatro ensaios teóricos correlacionados em que, por diferentes perspectivas, busca-se elucidar o efeito resultante (positivo ou negativo) da proteção da propriedade intelectual sobre bem-estar social e sobre os mecanismos contratuais e estratégias empregados pelos agentes econômicos em reação ao delineamento jurídico copyright. O último capítulo encerra o trabalho com três pesquisas empíricas. Com o intuito de capturar os efeitos de diferentes ambientes institucionais é feita uma análise institucional comparativa entre quatro países (Brasil, Estados Unidos, França e Reino Unido) no período entre 1999 e 2010, buscando compreender como as organizações alocam recursos para apropriar lucros. A partir dos principais determinantes desta mudança tecnológica as características da regulação de copyright norte-americana e seu peso e influência no comércio internacional de bens intelectuais, na ação estratégica de dois agentes poderosos, a Amazon , Apple e Google e, finalmente, na existência de valor econômico representado pelas obras públicas existentes em domínio público que podem ser capturadas e ofertadas no formato digital - conclui-se que antes de almejar lucro, a indústria editorial busca acordar uma nova organização setorial para a criação e a distribuição de excedentes que vai impactar em uma nova forma de especialização e coordenação da produção. O presente estudo desenvolve uma abordagem de business history, colocando-se como uma interface entre a economia da propriedade intelectual, a análise institucional e a organização da firma e dos mercados / Why is the book business adopting and diffusing the digital book technology when this standard is supposed to disturb the enforcement of the copyright regime? If the digital reproduction of intellectual work is also followed by simultaneous and ubiquitous distribution and making it even harder to enforce the mechanisms that bounds the copyright a paradox emerges as a consequence. Why is this legal regulation necessary? We pursue to investigate the research question how the publishing business resource allocation strategy is correlated to profit appropriation. This dissertation is developed as a multidisciplinary effort based on the theoretical pillars within economic history, knowledge economy, neoinstitutional economics, sociology economics and strategy. After introduction, the work is divided in five chapters. The four initial chapters develop four correlated theoretical essays, with different lenses, aimed to search how the system of intellectual property rights affects, positively and negatively, the welfare and the strategic and contractual mechanisms carried by the economic agent as a reaction towards the copyright legal system. The final chapter concludes the research with three empirical investigations. Four different institutional environments - Brazil, France, United Kingdom and United States are comparatively evaluated in order to capture the effects of the industry resource allocation strategy and its relation to profit appropriation. The conclusion is that the main drivers of technology change - the special features of the North American regulation and its major importance on international trade, the strategic impact of major players, Amazon Apple and Google, and the large number of works available in the public domain to be captured - it is argued that the publishing business is not necessarily seeking to make a profit in the short term but gearing into a new production and distribution arrangement which is going to result in a new system of rent creation and distribution. This research is developed as a business history narrative, positioned within the fields of economics of intellectual property rights, institutional analysis and the study of firm and market organization.

Le modèle de protection des oeuvres de l’esprit, qu’il s’agisse du copyright ou du droit d’auteur, estaujourd’hui vivement critiqué. Notamment concernant sa durée. Pourquoi applique-t-on aujourd’huiune durée de protection de principe de soixante-dix ans post mortem auctoris aux oeuvres de l’espriten France, en Europe et aux Etats-Unis ? Et quels sont les enjeux actuels d’une telle durée de laprotection à l’heure d’internet et des contenus dématérialisés ?Pour répondre à ces questions, il est nécessaire de « déconstruire » historiquement et juridiquementle modèle, afin de comprendre l’application actuelle d’une durée de protection de principe desoixante-dix ans post mortem auctoris aux oeuvres de l’esprit.S’il est également primordial de comprendre les évolutions récentes des délais de computation etnotamment les différentes prorogations de la durée de protection, il est aussi fondamental d’étudierl’élargissement du champ d’application du copyright et du droit d’auteur à certains types d’oeuvrestels que le logiciel ou la base de données.La volonté des lobbyistes de la culture et de nombreux ayants droit de proroger la protection desoeuvres de l’esprit participe à la tendance actuelle d’une durée de protection toujours plus longue. Ily a donc urgence, et revaloriser de manière concrète le domaine public est aujourd’hui capital.L’analyse économique du modèle prouve que la durée de protection des oeuvres de l’esprit,aujourd’hui particulièrement longue au regard des outils technologiques actuels, freine la diffusiondu savoir sans toutefois augmenter l’incitation à la création Ainsi, le modèle de protection doit êtreanalysé et repensé, aussi bien juridiquement qu’économiquement, afin qu’une réforme concrète soitproposée. / The model of protection of works, whether is copyright or droit d’auteur, is now strongly criticized.Particularly regarding its duration. Why do we now have a seventy years post mortem auctoristerm of protection of in France, in European Union and in the United States? In an era ofconstantly evolving Internet and dematerialized contents what are the risen current challenges forsuch a period of protection?Answering these questions requires historical and legal "deconstruction" of the model in order toapprehend the current application of a term of protection of seventy years post mortem auctoris tothe works.While it is also important to understand recent developments in computation time, and in particularthe different extensions of the term of protection, it is also fundamental to study the extension of thescope of copyright and droit d’auteur to certain types of works such as software or database.Cultural lobbyists and many right holders play an important part in the current trend of an everlonger protection period. Therefore reasserting the value of public domain is now not only urgent,it’s capital. The economic analysis of the model shows that the duration of protection of works,which is today particularly long with regard to the current technological tools, impedes the spreadof knowledge without, however, increasing the incentive to create. Thus, the protection model needsto be analyzed and rethought, both legally and economically, so that concrete reform of this modelcan be proposed.