The purpose of this study was to develop a manager's planning guide to aid in the development and improvement of international training projects through the use of the Total Project Acculturation (TPA) concept. The use of TPA promotes comprehensive learning through the use of project specific and culturally adaptive learning and teaching methodologies. The study focuses on individual differences, as they pertain to learning and teaching styles, and their interaction with individual subjective cultures. The TPA concept assert that once individual differences have been identified, training projects can be effectively designed and taught to accommodate them. TPA, as conceptualized by the author, visualizes all training projects as having three areas of major influence: 1) project management; 2) project learning; and 3) project culture. Within this context, TPA asserts that there is an intense relationship between individual subjective cultures, learning and teaching styles and comprehensive learning and teaching experiences. When the TPA concept is properly implemented, project personnel, training project designs and training methodologies can be culturally as well as characteristically matched to promote more effective learning. A comprehensive Project Manager's Planning Guide was developed to act as a pathfinder for providing logical direction to the design and implementation of a totally acculturated training project. It was designed to be implemented with both new and existing international training projects. The guide describes a step-by- step sequence that allows the user to track the acculturation process as it is being developed. The Project Manager's Planning Guide is designed around an Acculturated Learning Component which divides international training into four primary areas: 1) project inputs; 2) project personnel; 3) project planning and design; and 4) project learning. Each area is designed to complement the TPA concept. This study suggests that Total Project Acculturation can enhance the effectiveness of international training projects by: 1) Characteristically and psychologically matching the international training project management, technical assistance teams, project designs and methodologies to the training participant's individual learning styles 2) Perfecting the project's learning and teaching proficiency by encouraging the "learning to learn" concept through the design and implementation of whole brain learning opportunities that promote equal practice in each of Kolb's (1976, 1985) four learning dimensions 3) Utilizing project specific, culturally adaptive learning and teaching methodologies throughout every phase of the training project to include staff and training participant selection and development, project planning and design activities, learning environments and teaching and learning methodologies. / Graduation date: 1992

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Government and Public Administration

Thesis (Doctoral)--University of Stockholm, 2004. / Added t.p. with thesis statement inserted. Includes bibliographical references (p. 250-278).

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The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) issued on 27 March 1997 a recommendation concerning cryptography policy guidelines in an attempt to foster international co-operation and harmonization. Information is becoming increasingly valuable in society. Globalization of markets, improvements in information and communication technology and the shift to a knowledge-based economy has, furthermore, created an enormous potential for electronic commerce. Conservative estimates predict electronic commerce will have a turnover of more than US $400 billion by 2002. The increasing importance of information and communications has, however, made the information society vulnerable. Cryptography plays an important part in securing transactions in electronic commerce and moreover, in establishing a secure electronic environment in the information society. Fear of privacy infringements and lack of secure methods for electronic transactions has until now been holding electronic commerce back. Cryptographic methods are an essential part in securing electronic commerce. Law enforcement agencies and national security organizations fear, however, that widespread use of strong encryption will impede their work substantially. This thesis analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of strong encryption and how the balance of the conflicting interests has been dealt with in the OECD Cryptography Policy Guidelines. Moreover, shows the thesis how the OECD Cryptography Policy Guidelines have been implemented and makes suggestions on how the guidelines should be implemented.

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A survey of earthquake disaster mitigation strategies and building principles which could applied in rural areas of the Less Developed Countries. Earthquake vulnerability of traditional buildings and problems of earthquake hazard mitigation in these countries are discussed, along with some strategies that may help reduce the impact of future earthquakes. The performance of rural buildings during past earthquakes is analyzed to have a clear understanding of building behaviour during an earthquake. After the analysis, the research traces various recommendations and safe building techniques that would improve the earthquake-resistance of these buildings. Moreover, the study reviews problems often involved in implementing mitigation measures and in transferring technical information to semi-illiterate and unskilled workers, in conjunction with some methodologies on how to transfer information to the rural population. The study concludes by outlining the urgency for the need of pre-earthquake mitigation strategies and suggests some ideas to help narrow the gap which exists between the available information on earthquake mitigation measures and its application in those countries most affected by earthquakes.

The purpose of this study is to apply the monetary approach to the determination of international reserve flows to major Arab oil-exporting countries. These are Iraq, Kuwait, Libya and Saudi Arabia. / Well-defined and stable demand for and supply of money functions must exist for the monetary approach to have predictive power for reserve flows. This study found that the demand for real balances in the designated countries was a stable function of real income and the rate of inflation. In examining the money supply process, the main determinants of the monetary base and hence the money supply proved to be net foreign assets and government expenditures. / This thesis extends the empirical analysis of international reserve flows by providing empirical tests of a two-area model for the small country case. Our empirical results supported the main propositions of the monetary approach to the balance of payments about the effect of the demand for and the supply of money on reserve flows. The growth in domestic price, domestic income and world money supply exerted a positive impact on the reserve flows, while the growth in world income, interest rates, money multiplier and domestic assets had negative impact. The results also supported the validity of the assumption concerning unified world goods markets.