Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva och undersöka på vilka sätt Karlstads centrum har en betydande roll för användare av centrum, hur människor har upplevt att Karlstads centrum som mötesplats har påverkats under Covid-19 samt vilka möjliga sociala konsekvenser detta inneburit för dessa användare. Genom en kvantitativ enkätundersökning och teorianknytning åsyftas följande tre frågeställningar att undersökas och analyseras:  Vilka möjliga sociala konsekvenser har Covid-19 haft på Karlstads centrum? På vilket sätt har Karlstads centrum en betydande roll för användare av centrum? Hur har nyttjandet av Karlstads centrum som mötesplats förändrats under Covid-19? Resultaten från studiens empiriska undersökning tillsammans med förankrade teorier visade att Covid-19 pandemin både påverkat det sociala klimatet i Karlstads centrum samt centrum som mötesplats. Minskad vistelse i centrum bland studiens respondenter under Covid-19 påverkar Karlstads centrum som mötesplats negativt, vilket även leder till att den sociala interaktionen parallellt får en negativ utveckling i relation till detta. Enkätens respondenter lyfte Covid-19 restriktioner som exempel på anledning till en minskad vistelse i Karlstads centrum. Studiens andra frågeställning med fokus på vilken roll Karlstads centrum har för användare av centrum visade både att centrum upplevs som en mötesplats av stor betydelse, men även att centrum utgör ett viktigt nav som ger en attraktiv bild av staden ur ett externt perspektiv. Slutsatsen av studien är att Karlstads centrum har förändrats under Covid-19 pandemin, både ur ett socialt hållbarhetsperspektiv men även som mötesplats. / The aim of this study is to describe and examine how Karlstad city center has an important role for users of the city center, how people have experienced the change of Karlstad city center as a meeting place during the Covid-19 pandemic and what possible social consequences this has resulted in for these users. Through a quantitative survey research and by the use of theories are the following three research questions meant to be examined and analyzed:  Which possible social consequences has Covid-19 had on Karlstad city center?  In what way has Karlstad city center a meaningful role for users of the city center? How has the use of Karlstad city center as a meeting place changed during Covid-19?  The result from the study’s empirical research together with presented theories, has shown that the Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the social climate in Karlstad city center and the city center as a meeting place. Reduced visits in the city center among the respondents during Covid-19 affects Karlstad city center as a meeting place negatively, which also leads to a negative development regarding social interaction. The respondents of the survey stated Covid-19 restrictions as an example of reason for reduced visits in Karlstad city center. The second research question regarding the role of Karlstad city center in relation to the users of the city showed both that the city center is regarded as a crucial meeting place, but also that the city center is an important hub that provides an attractive external image of the city. The conclusion of the study shows that Karlstad city center has changed during the Covid-19 pandemic, both regarding social sustainability and as a meeting place.

The purpose of this essay is to describe if and how the situation of abused women hasbeen affected in their homes during covid-19. The researchers also want to drawattention to this serious societal problem that the researchers believe should betalked about more. The following questions will fulfill the purpose: - How has the effects of the pandemic influenced tendencies to violence andabusive relationships? - How much has domestic violence increased during the pandemic? - What have been the consequences of this from a societal perspective? The empiric of the essay is based on qualitative interviews with respondents who have expertise in the subject “women who live in domestic violence”. The used theories are patriarchal structures, including Sylvia Walby's theory and Ulla Wikander's theory. Some other theories that are being used are Coercive control, the Normalization process and social sustainability. The patriarchal structures aretheories which build upon the authority the perpetrator has over the woman inviolent relationships, who in various ways manipulate and depress the woman. This affects the woman's life including her social network, and also the equality in the relationship, which social sustainability also covers. The conclusion of the essay is that women's situation who live in domestic violence has been affected by the pandemic in several respects. Among other reasons, the isolation in the homes with the perpetrator increased, which leads to more violent opportunities.

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The aim of this study was to examine the managers view on how Covid-19 has affected the social cohesion in organizations. The questions that were in focus in this study was: How did managers experience that social cohesion has changed during Covid-19? Which tools has the managers used to manage the social cohesion during Covid-19? And also, what difficulties does the managers experience that exist around the social cohesion in the organization? The goal with this study was to illustrate the importance of social cohesion in organizations and it will enhance the awareness of management responsibilities. The research methodology follows the hermeneutic approach, which we use to conduct qualitative interviews with eight managers from different organizations. The study´s results have been analyzed based on Randall Collins' theory of interactive ritual chains, Thomas Scheff’s theory of social connections, and Göran Ahrne’s theory of organization.  The results show that the managers did not experience any change in the social cohesion during Covid-19. According to respondents, the new management tool introduced under Covid-19 were the digital tools, for example Teams. Managers experience that in order to strengthen social cohesion, it is increasingly important to express gratitude to employees.

Bakgrund: Covid-19 upptäcktes i Kina i slutet av året 2019 och spreds snabbt över hela världen. Covid-19 orsakade flera dödsfall och klassas som ett internationellt hot mot människors hälsa. Omkring 21 620 människor i Sverige avled i sviterna av Covid-19. Utvecklingen av Covid-19 har lett till omfattande förändringar och omprioriteringar inom vården. Inom hälso- och sjukvården fick sjuksköterskor under pandemin möta allvarliga utmaningar som inkluderade okunskap om viruset och brist på resursers som skyddsutrustning. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda patienter med Covid-19 inom slutenvård. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 14 granskade artiklar tillgängliga i databasen PubMed. Resultat: 4 teman identifierades; Rädsla för att bli smittade och smitta andra med Covid-19 som berör sjuksköterskornas rädsla, oro och ångest, Sjuksköterskornas erfarenhet av att arbeta med skyddsutrustning som berör påverkning av omvårdnadsarbete och kommunikationssvårigheter, Erfarenhet gällande bristande kunskap och information om Covid-19 som berör osäkerhet om vilken behandling som är lämplig för Covid-19 patienter, bristande beredskap och dess påverkan hos sjuksköterskor, Sjuksköterskans positiva och negativa erfarenhet av att vårda patienter med Covid-19 som berör sjuksköterskans känsla av stolthet, ökad självförtroende och stöd från samhället. Faktorer som berör negativ erfarenhet hos sjuksköterskor är tung arbetsbelastning och rädsla. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna beskrev att de behövde kunskap och information om Covid-19 viruset för att ge en god och säker vård. Sjuksköterskorna beskrev även deras svårigheter av att arbeta med skyddsutrustning i vårdandet av patienter med Covid-19. Stöd från samhället och kollegor var viktigt för sjuksköterskor under pandemiutbrottet. / Background: Covid-19 was discovered in China at the end of the year 2019 and spread rapidly throughout the world. Covid-19 caused several deaths and is classified as an international threat to human health. Around 21,620 people in Sweden died in the aftermath of Covid-19. The development of Covid-19 has led to extensive changes and re-prioritization in healthcare. In health care, nurses during the pandemic had to face serious challenges that included ignorance about the virus and a lack of resources such as protective equipment. Aim: Describe the nurse's experience of caring for patients with Covid-19 in hospital. Method: A descriptive literature study based on 14 reviewed articles available in the database PubMed. Findings: 4 themes were identified; Fear of being infected and infecting others with Covid-19 that concerns the nurses' fear, worry and anxiety of being infected and infecting others, family members and patients, The nurses' experience of working with protective equipment that concerns the impact on nursing work and communication difficulties, Experience regarding lack knowledge and information about Covid-19 that concerns uncertainty about which treatment is suitable for Covid-19 patients, lack of preparedness and its impact on nurses, The nurse's positive and negative experience of caring for patients with Covid-19 which affects the nurse's sense of pride, increased self-confidence and support from society. Factors that affect the nurses' negative experience are heavy workload and fear. Conclusion: The nurses described that they needed knowledge and information about the Covid-19 virus to provide good and safe care. The nurses also described their difficulties in working with protective equipment in caring for patients with Covid-19. Support from society and colleagues was important for the nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Covid-19 slog till hårt på världen och resulterade i avspärrningar och begränsningar på ett sätt människor inte varit med om tidigare. Liseberg var ett av de företag som tvingades stänga ner och under de 520 dagarna som parken var nedstängt var de tvungna att tänka gällande hur de kommunicerade till sina besökare via olika marknadskanaler. I denna studie analyseras marknadskommunikation samt olika typer av marknadskanaler och marknadsstrategier i förhållande till hur Liseberg kommunicerade under pandemin. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka Lisebergs marknadskommunikation under Covid-19. För att få svar på studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts i form av en innehållsanalys i kombination med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Detta bidrog till en större klarhet i hur informanterna ser på marknadskommunikationen som var under pandemin och även vad de ansåg var relevant och viktigt ur deras perspektiv. Liseberg var studiens fall och urvalet av de informanter som valdes att intervjua bygger på två anställda på Liseberg som arbetade under pandemin på marknadsavdelningen fram tills 2023. Resultatet visar att Liseberg fick ändra sin marknadskommunikation under Covid-19 då parken fick hållas stängt. De fokuserade mer på innehållet för att skapa engagemang bland sina följare och hålla sig top of mind för framtida öppning. De resulterade i en mer värdefull grund gällande vad, hur och när de skulle publicera inlägg men också i möten de införde så de varje vecka får en god översikt i hur processer kring kampanjer och dylikt. Resultatet påvisar även att kommunikationen blev mer interaktiv och byggde mycket på folks känslor och minnen och övergick sedan till ett mer informativt innehåll i samband med att parken fick öppna upp för att säkerställa en ansvarsfull öppning. Denna studien är skriven på svenska. / Covid-19 hit the world hard and resulted in lockdowns and restrictions in a way people had never experienced before. Liseberg was one of the companies that was forced to shut down and during the 520 days that the park was closed, they had to think about how they communicated to their visitors through different marketing channels. This study analyzes marketing communication and different types of marketing channels and marketing strategies in relation to how Liseberg communicated during the pandemic. The purpose of this study is to investigate Liseberg's marketing communication during Covid-19. To answer our purpose, we have used a qualitative method in the form of a content analysis in combination with semi-structured interviews. This gave us a greater clarity in how the informants view the marketing communication during the pandemic and also what they considered relevant and important from their perspective. Liseberg was our case study and the selection of the informants we chose to interview is based on two employees at Liseberg who worked during the pandemic in the marketing department until today. The results show that Liseberg had to change its marketing communication during Covid-19 when the park had to be closed. They focused more on the content to create engagement among their followers and stay top of mind for future openings, which resulted in a more valuable foundation regarding what, how and when to publish posts, but also in meetings they introduced so they get a good overview of how processes around campaigns and the like every week. The results also show that the communication became more interactive and built a lot on people's feelings and memories and then switched to a more informative content in connection with the opening of the park to ensure a responsible opening. This study will be in swedish.

In the context of Covid-19, significant changes have occurred in the way people work. This qualitative study investigates how individuals working in agile software development have been affected by the transition to remote work as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Using thematic analysis and a comparative case study as the methodology, the study focuses on areas such as communication, collaboration, cohesion, performance, and outcomes. A summary of the results from the semi-structured interviews in this study reveals that the transition to remote work has not had a negative impact on the outcomes in agile software development. These findings suggest that despite the challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandemic, agile teams have been able to maintain their high levels of performance and results despite the shift to remote work. These conclusions can assist organizations in developing effective strategies to manage and adapt to changes in the work environment, including the transition to remote work.

Background - Work environment for care staff in elderly care has been particularly discussed during covid-19. A large part who worked during the pandemic were temporary workers. In addition to the already existing challenges in the psychosocial work environment, the temporary workers have a job that involves working in different workplaces, with different colleagues and with different managers, which can also be a challenge to ensure the psychosocial working environment of the temporary workers. Aim - To investigate and describe the experiences of temporary workers in elderly care of the psychosocial work environment during the covid-19 pandemic. Method - A qualitative method with an inductive approach has been applied. The empirical material was collected through five semi-structured interviews with hourly workers in elderly care. The material was analyzed using thematic analysis. Results and conclusion – Three main themes and nine sub-themes were identified. Majority experienced changes in work during the pandemic. The changes were about increased responsibility, overtime and concerns about infecting care recipients and their families. There was good support from the manager and colleagues, but the most significant thing for experiencing a good psychosocial work environment was the support from colleagues. It is important to prevent or reduce the risk of ill health and create better conditions for temporary workers to stay in the profession. / Bakgrund och Problemformulering – Arbetsmiljön för omsorgspersonalen inom äldreomsorgen har blivit särskilt omdiskuterad under covid-19. En stor del av de som arbetade under pandemin var timvikarier. Utöver de redan befintliga utmaningarna i den psykosociala arbetsmiljön har timvikarierna ett arbete som går ut på att arbeta på olika arbetsplatser, med olika kollegor och med olika chefer vilket också kan vara en utmaning för att säkerställa timvikariernas psykosociala arbetsmiljö. Syfte - Att undersöka och beskriva timvikarier inom äldreomsorgens upplevelser av den psykosociala arbetsmiljön under covid-19 pandemin. Metod - En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har tillämpats. Det empiriska materialet samlades in genom fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med timvikarier i äldreomsorgen. Materialet analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat och slutsats – Tre huvudteman och nio underteman identifierades. Majoriteten av timvikarierna upplevde förändringar i arbetet under pandemin. Förändringarna handlade om ett ökat ansvar, övertid och oro för att smitta vårdtagare och sina familjer. Resultatet visade att det fanns ett bra stöd från chef och kollegor men det mest betydelsefulla för att uppleva en god psykosocial arbetsmiljö var stödet från kollegor. Det är av att stor vikt att arbetsgivare arbetar aktivt med sätt att förhindra eller minska risken för ohälsa och skapa bättre förutsättningar för timvikarier att stanna i yrket.

[pt] Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral investigar a interdependência emocional conjugal durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram entrevistados 2 homens e 4 mulheres, todos cisgêneros, heterossexuais, casados, coabitando e sem filhos. Foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo em sua vertente categorial-temática. Emergiram cinco categorias principais e uma subcategoria: repercussões do confinamento na conjugalidade; desamparo durante a pandemia; proximidade física e intimidade emocional no casal; interdependência e dependência emocional; e acolhimento emocional na pandemia. A categoria repercussões do confinamento na conjugalidade foi desdobrada nas subcategorias mudanças no humor e comportamentais e desafios conjugais no confinamento. Constatou-se que a busca por suporte emocional no cônjuge e a interdependência emocional entre os membros do casal foram intensificadas em razão do desamparo causado pela pandemia da COVID-19. Observou-se que o confinamento levou a desafios e transformações na vida conjugal, tendo sido observado um aumento nos conflitos, restrição da individualidade e impactos na vida sexual dos casais. Para além disso, nota-se que a intimidade emocional entre os cônjuges aumentou, o que consequentemente proporcionou um aumento da satisfação e o fortalecimento do vínculo conjugal. / [en] This research aimed to investigate marital emotional interdependence during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative research was carried out, in which two men and four women, all cisgender, heterosexual, married, cohabiting and childless, were interviewed. The content analysis method was used in its categorical-thematic approach. Five main categories and one subcategory emerged: repercussions of confinement on conjugality; helplessness during the pandemic; physical closeness and emotional intimacy in the couple; interdependence and emotional dependence; and emotional support in the pandemic. The category repercussions of confinement on conjugality was further divided in the subcategories changes in mood and behavior and marital challenges in confinement. It was found that the search for intimate emotional support and that the emotional interdependence between the members of the couple were intensified due to the helplessness caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. It was observed that confinement led to challenges and transformations in marital life, with an increase in conflicts, restriction of individuality and impacts on the couples sexual life being observed. Furthermore, it is noted that the emotional intimacy between the partners increased, which consequently provided an increase in satisfaction and the strenghtening of the marital bond.

Bakgrund: Covid-19 pandemin och dess restriktioner har lett till begränsningar, vilka kan ge kort- och långsiktiga konsekvenser i unga vuxnas liv. Pandemin har genererat oro och ångest hos unga vuxna, något som kan ge psykiska följder såsom depression och posttraumatisk stress. Vid psykisk ohälsa hos unga vuxna bör ett hälsofrämjande synsätt tillämpas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa unga vuxnas erfarenheter av Covid-19 pandemins påverkan på psykisk hälsa. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes innehållande 11 vetenskapliga artiklar, varav en av mixad metod, åtta av kvantitativ metod samt två av kvalitativ metod. Resultat: Unga vuxnas psykiska hälsa upplevdes ha försämrats från före Covid-19 pandemin till under pandemin. Symtom som ångest, stress och ensamhet sågs hos unga vuxna under pandemin. Däremot fanns det unga vuxna som beskrev att restriktionerna hade lett till mindre press från omgivningen och att den psykiska hälsan hade förbättrats. Konklusion: Unga vuxna som hade påverkats negativt uttryckte en önskan och ett behov av socialt stöd under pandemins restriktioner. Mer forskning kring området behövs för att ytterligare öka kunskapen. / Background: The Covid-19 pandemic and its restrictions have led to limitations which can give both long- and short-term consequences in young adults’ lives. The pandemic has generated worry and anxiety in the lives of young adults and could cause psychological consequences such as depression and post-traumatic stress. In case of mental illness in young adults, a health promotion approach should be applied. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate young adults’ experiences of the Covid-19 pandemic’s impact on mental health. Method: A literature study was conducted containing 11 scientific articles, whereof one with mixed method, eight of a quantitative method and two of a qualitative method. Result: The mental health in young adults was perceived to become worse from before the Covid-19 pandemic to during the pandemic. Symptoms as anxiety, stress and loneliness were found in young adults during the pandemic. In contrast there were young adults who described that the restrictions had led to less pressure from the environment and that the mental health had improved. Conclusion: Young adults who had been affected negatively expressed a wish and a need of social support during the restrictions of the pandemic. More research about the topic is needed to further increase the knowledge.