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Book Summary: Secondary schools are continually faced with the task of preparing students for a world that is more connected, advanced, and globalized than ever before. In order to adequately prepare students for their future, educators must provide them with strong reading and writing skills, as well as the ability to understand scientific concepts. The Handbook of Research on Science Literacy Integration in Classroom Environments is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the importance of cross-curriculum/discipline connections in improving student understanding and education. While highlighting topics such as curriculum integration, online learning, and instructional coaching, this publication explores practices in teaching students how to analyze and interpret data, as well as reading, writing, and speaking. This book is ideally designed for teachers, graduate-level students, academicians, instructional designers, administrators, and education researchers seeking current research on science literacy adoption in contemporary classrooms.

This study examines teacher and curriculum development in the period of intense curriculum policy reform of the mid-1990s. It is based largely on interviews conducted with teachers in four New Zealand secondary schools. It documents and analyses the thinking and strategising that informed their attempts as teachers and curriculum leaders to develop their individual and collective practice and respond to external demands for change. The accounts are contextualised within the history, politics and culture of New Zealand secondary schooling since the Thomas Report on the Post-Primary school Curriculum in 1943, and parallel developments in secondary schooling in other anglophone countries.The study attempts to understand the workgroup, organisational and systemic constraints within which secondary school teachers conduct their work and how they seek to exercise their individual and collective agency in order to gain more control and knowledge of their occupational circumstances. The study links contemporary dilemmas of practice to longer standing, embedded tensions of curriculum content, pedagogy and assessment. It identifies continuities and discontinuities of secondary schooling practice in the decades since the 1940s and shows how contemporary policy options and proposed solutions are simply the latest staging post in a protracted sequence of political efforts to solve 'problems' of curriculum and credentialing. In some respects, the official policy texts introduced in the 1990s spoke directly to teachers, own pragmatic concerns and aspirations. Thus, in this study, teachers and curriculum leaders engaged creatively and energetically with the challenges posed by school-based Unit Standards trials because they appeared to offer the opportunity to end secondary teachers' long search for meaningful alternatives to examination dominated schemes of work, assessments and credentials. However, curriculum innovation always took place alongside other day-to-day routines and seasonal patterns of work. For curriculum leaders in this study, these multiple demands meant that any potential benefits of voluntary curriculum innovation had constantly to be weighed against its costs in terms of other workgroup priorities, the energies and dispositions of fellow workgroup members and their personal health and well-being.

The aim of this thesis is to develop a model for the analysis of curriculum structure and organisation in Australian secondary schools and to apply a computer formulation of the model to two case studies. The model proposes the construction of indicators of curriculum provision and teacher workload using the raw data provided by school timetables and class lists. This in turn leads to the idea of standardising curriculum structure in a way that will enable comparisons to be made between different schools, the same school with different timetables or between school substructures such as year groups. Limitations and advantages of this approach are explored through an analysis of the concepts of modelling, information and organisation. It is proposed that this view of curriculum implies an evaluation perspective that focusses on school improvement as a process of informed criticism and collective decision-making. Several applications of curriculum analysis are suggested including the setting of specific goals for school improvement programmes, industrial applications in the area of workloads and a scheme for the classification and standardised description of curriculum plans.

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This study has taken the historical development, characteristics and students¡¦ backgrounds and life experiences of Tainan City into consideration. The researcher has chosen the Fogarty¡¦s webbed curriculum integration model to blend in ¡§glocolization¡¨ theme into the teaching curriculum. A ¡§glocolization¡¨ curriculum (consisting of a total of six units) suitable for the fourth grade students was constructed with the hope to help the students to walk out from their own life experiences to re-experience the relationship between global and local living space. A qualitative research was adopted by this study, and the fourth grade students from a class in a certain school that the researcher teaches was taken as the research subjects to implement a year of curriculum teaching. Relevant data were collected through observation, content analysis, interview, documentation, reflective notes, etc., and the data were then sorted, analyzed and cross-examined. After summarizing the research results, the paper has obtained the following conclusions and suggestions: 1. From time-space perspective, the curriculum integration design and implementation outcomes of ¡§The stories of Tainan City¡¨ are: (1) To understand the correlation between the local historical and global events; (2) the teachers must possess the abilities to self-compile and support the historical teaching materials; (3) the effectiveness and limitations on the application of Google Earth software and electronic whiteboard; (4) the use of old photographs, old maps and animation is beneficial to historical teaching; and (5) to adopt multiple assessment method to evaluate the students¡¦ awareness on historical aspect. 2. From environmental perspective, the curriculum integration design and implementation outcomes of ¡§The stories of Tainan City¡¨ are: (1) To combine the environmental issues of ¡§local¡¨ characteristics and ¡§globalization¡¨; (2) as affective are hard to evaluate, they need long-term follow-up observations; (3) field investigation is able to simulate students to care about the environment, strengthen the research depth and further enhance the students¡¦ motivation in learning; (4) to combine the community resources by inviting relevant people to perform cooperative teaching; (5) to blend in the school¡¦s major activities into the curriculum; and (6) the scaffolding learning sheet is beneficial to learners to comprehend, apply and stay focus in thinking. 3. From living perspective, the curriculum integration design and implementation outcomes of ¡§The stories of Tainan City¡¨ are: (1) Tainan¡¦s snacks have its ingenuity and cultural diversity; (2) to introduce a model of transitional Taiwan snack ¡V Zhou¡¦s Shrimp Rolls; and (3) to broadcast and review the advertising images are beneficial to help students to analyze the transformation of ¡§globalization¡¨ to ¡§glocolization¡¨. 4. From cultural perspective, the curriculum integration design and implementation outcomes of ¡§The stories of Tainan City¡¨ are: (1) The students are able to deepen their impressions on local cultural customs through physical exhibitions and sharing of personal experiences; (2) learn to respect the cultural diversity; (3) YouTube, Digital Archives, Council for Cultural Affairs and other Internet resources are beneficial to carry out teaching activities; (4) the local cultures have encountered two major crises; and (5) in response to globalization, we must begin to promote local identity first. Finally, based on the aforesaid research findings, the study has proposed relevant suggestions to educational administrative organizations, teacher training institutes, schools and future follow-up studies on curriculum design and implementation of ¡§glocolization¡¨ theme perspective. This aims to serve as a reference for educators and curriculum researchers to use in developing and integrating the ¡§glocolization¡¨ curriculum.

A study on school-based curriculum management in elementary schools of Kaohsiung County. Abstract The first purpose of this study is to investigate the viewpoints and needs of school-based curriculum management ¡]SBCM¡^. The second is to investigate the educators as a practitioner of SBCM in elementary schools of Kaohsiung County. Finally, based on research findings, some proposals for improving the management of school-based curriculum are presented. To accomplish these purposes, through the result of literary review, the investigator has concluded with 7 viewpoints and 5 needs of SBCM, and then according to its contents to compile ¡§A questionnaire to survey the viewpoints and needs of school-based curriculum management in the elementary schools¡¨ to study the current situation for practicing SBCM. The objects of this study are the school staffs of public elementary schools in Kaohsiung County. The total of 120 schools and 519 effective samples were acquired. And these data were analyzed by using the method of statistics, including mean and standard deviation, percentage analysis, AVOVA, Scheffe method- post hoc comparison and product- moment correlation . From the data of literary reviews and the questionnaire, the conclusions are as follows: 1. SBCM is one of the main purposes on ¡§Grade 1-9 curriculum Guidelines¡¨ to put the curriculum reform into practice. The curriculum focuses not only on the core of the educational rationale but also on the students¡¦ learning activities. The curriculum rationale is close to the postmodern period which paid close attention to the interaction between teachers and students with positive dialogues to develop their curriculum. The curriculum encourages students to understand knowledge better, that allows the whole curriculum more flexible and adjustable. The supports of the communities and positive criticisms will help the whole curriculum well-developed. 2. According to the questionnaire, the viewpoints of the educators about SBCM reveal that during the seven factors, those ¡§male¡¨, ¡§age above 51¡¨ , ¡§higher seniority¡¨, ¡§status as a principal¡¨, ¡§forty-credit program¡¨ are closer to ¡§fit in with¡¨ or ¡§much fit in with¡¨ the viewpoints. As to the school districts and scales, the schools with less than 12 classes are closer to the viewpoints on the factors of ¡§curriculum goal ¡§, ¡§curriculum plan¡¨, ¡§curriculum implementation¡¨, ¡§curriculum evaluation¡¨ and ¡§curriculum leadership¡¨. 3. As to the needs of SBCM, the data analysis reveals that those ¡§female¡¨, or ¡§status as a teacher¡¨ were less-needed on ¡§Expense¡¨; those ¡§male¡¨, ¡§age above 51¡¨, ¡§higher seniority¡¨, ¡§status as a principal¡¨, ¡§Master Degree¡¨ are closer to ¡§fit in with¡¨ or ¡§much fit in with¡¨ the needs. 4. Educators from different educational backgrounds will cause the differences on the viewpoints and needs of CBCM. With the factors of ¡§professional development ¡§and ¡§related arrangements¡¨, reveals that those who are qualified with either ¡§Master Degree¡¨ or ¡§higher seniority¡¨ are more eligible than the others. 5.Within the viewpoints and needs of CBCM, there are middle-low proof of positive correlation on them, and also reach .01 significant level. Among the factors, there are one pair ¡]£q1¡B£b1¡^reach middle correlation, especially the coefficient between ¡§£q1¡¨ and ¡§organizational operation¡¨ is the highest, but the coefficient between ¡§£b1¡¨ and ¡§Expense¡¨ is the lowest. According to the data of literary review and the questionnaire, the conclusions are as follows: 1. The experiences on SBM in other countries can be referred by our domestic schools. Then, we can establish a better and competent curriculum for Taiwan education. 2. SBCM should emphasize (on) working on the theories and practice of personnel administration, expense and curriculum management. 3. Use various resources to improve the educators on their professional development. 4.To encourage the educators ,who are ¡§young¡¨¡]less than 30 years old¡^, ¡§female¡¨, ¡§less-seniority¡¨ and ¡§Bachelor Degree¡¨, enthusiastically participate in the SBCM affairs. 5. To study relevant laws and Acts to promote practical SBCM affairs. 6. To emphasize the importance of school-based curriculum leadership. 7. To establish the workable management measure of SBCM. 8. To establish a wholesome evaluation measure of SBCM.

To meet the future need of the vocational high school education in Taiwan, the Ministry of Education has redesigned the vocational high school curriculum and is going to implement "The Curriculum Guidelines of Vocational High School" in September 2006. The Guidelines are made with the intention to improve the vocational high school education. However, after studying on the content of the Guidelines, we find some incongruity between the curriculum design and the educational status quo. "The Curriculum Guidelines of Vocational High School" features the core curriculum of the vocational high school education and leaves a lot of space for individual school to develop its school-based curriculum. Nevertheless, while the society emphasizes greatly the value of academic degrees, the vocational high school students, generally speaking, consider their education in vocational high school as nothing but the step stone to their further education, instead of the necessary training for their future profession. Therefore, when designing a new curriculum, the management of the vocational high school has to consider both the Guidelines and the need of the students. Besides, the implementation of "The Curriculum Guidelines of Vocational High School" is going to influence not only the faculty and the students of vocational high schools, but also the supply of professional human resources in the society. Therefore, it is a great opportunity for us to reconsider the goal of vocational high school education. Whether to keep its traditional goal, or to make vocational prep high schools for college education, in my opinion, we need to make a dynamic adjustment of the curriculum to shape the future characteristics of vocational high school education. The objects of this research are the students of the Department of Data Processing of St. Paul's High School. Through interviews with students and questionnaires, the research is to find out a scheme, based on the Curriculum Guidelines of Vocational High School, the school-based educational environment, the study goal of students, for improving the curriculum of the department and hopefully for the reference of other schools.

Until recently, Taiwan elementary mathematics curriculum has been changing for several times. The aim of this study is to refer to various curriculum reforms, and focus on the way ¡§Number and Calculation Standards¡¨ changed in the history of reforms. The specific objectives of this study: to refer to one curriculum standards and its subsequent standards and do pair wise comparison. To achieve the above objectives, the investigator referred to 7 target versions of mathematics curriculum standards: 41, 51, 57, 64, 82, 89, 92 (R.O.C year). The comparison was done qualitatively, using historical research methodology. The main research findings are the differences in the above 6 pair wise comparisons. 1. The change from Year 41 to Year 51: In the Year 51, the part on Writing numbers in Chinese characters was de-emphasized. Emphasis was on Ordinal numbers, division thinking, mental arithmetic and written algorithm. The size of numbers reduced to 4-digits (due to a change in currency, 4 dollars to 1 New Taiwan dollar). 2. The change from Year 51 to 57: more focus on symbols, did not require the revision on what was learned in previous year. 3. The change from Year 57 to 64: de-emphasized on mental arithmetic and written calculation; emphasized on Inverses, multiplication/division on ¡§0¡¦ and ¡§1¡¨, ratio, approximation, negative numbers and use of electronic calculators. 4. The change from Year 64 to 82: no need to include negative numbers and abacus. Emphasized on two-step problems, number line, and reading multiplication tables. 5. The change from Year 82 to 89: de-emphasis on odd and even numbers; emphasis on realistic contexts, understanding vertical algorithm. 6. The change from Year 89 to 91: no need to use calculators to check working; emphasis on vertical algorithm, whole number calculations, and the connections of multiples/factors, rate/speed, and, fractions/decimals.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-250).