Nesta tese estudamos a geometria diferencial do cross-cap usando ferramentas da teoria de singularidades. Estudamos curvas definidas sobre uma superfície regular que captam o contato da superfície com planos e esferas e estendemos o estudo para o cross-cap. Consideramos os fenômenos locais que ocorrem genericamente na família de projeções ortogonais do cross-cap e obtemos informações detalhadas sobre as bifurcações da projeção do conjuntos dos pontos duplos juntamente com a do contorno aparente. Estudamos as simetrias reflexõais infinitesimais do cross-cap através das singularidades da família da aplicações dobra e damos uma caracterização geométrica das mesmas. Finalmente, consideramos dualidade nas equações diferenciais binárias que definem as curvas assintóticas e as linhas de curvatura sobre o cross-cap. Estudamos o conjunto dos pontos onde ocorrem as inflexões de tais curvas e a relação deste conjunto com o conjunto sub-parabólico e flecnodal. / In this thesis we study the differential geometry of the cross-cap using singularity theory. We study curves on a regular surface that capture the contact of the surface with planes and spheres and extend our study to the cross-cap. We deal with local phenomena that occur generically in the family of orthogonal projection of the cross-cap and obtain detailed information about the bifurcations of the projection of double point curve together with the profile. We study the infinitesimal reflectional symmetry of a cross-cap via the singularities of the fold maps and give a geometrical characterization of these maps. Finally, we consider the duality in the binary differential equations of the asymptotic curves and of the curvature lines on a cross-cap. We study the inflection set of this curves and their relation with the subparabolic set and the flecnodal curve.

Prognoser publicerade av aktieanalytiker har en betydande påverkan på kapitalmarknaden och investeringsbeslut. Genom att förmedla information inom kapitalmarknaden spelar aktieanalytiker en vital roll. Därför syftar denna studie till att undersöka aktieanalytikers förmåga att prognostisera finansiella nyckeltal från företags resultaträkning. Studien syftar även till att undersöka under vilka förhållanden aktieanalytikers träffsäkerhet påverkas. Vi undersöker aktieanalytikers träffsäkerhet genom att mäta prognosfel i konsensusestimat över perioden 2000 – 2017 för 93 företag listade på Nasdaq OMX Stockholm Large Cap. Vi finner ett positivt samband mellan marknadsvärde och ökad träffsäkerhet i aktieanalytikers prognoser för mindre företag. Vi finner även att ett högt antal analytiker som ingår i konsensus positivt påverkar prognosens träffsäkerhet. Resultaten visar även att träffsäkerheten i aktieanalytikers prognoser varierar beroende på antal analytiker i konsensus inom olika sektorer. / In this study, we investigate the accuracy of stock analyst estimates. We measure forecasting accuracy by forecasting error for key financial figures from the firm’s income statements. This study also measures firm specific factors effect on analyst forecasting accuracy. Our study includes 93 companies listed on Nasdaq OMX Stockholm Large Cap between the years 2000 – 2017. Our findings conclude that a positive correlation exists between market value and forecasting accuracy for smaller firms. We also find that analyst coverage is positively related to forecasting accuracy. Our findings also show that forecasting accuracy varies with analyst coverage within different sectors.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-25T22:48:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-05-16T14:28:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T14:28:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Andre Pereira Dias.pdf: 4828090 bytes, checksum: 3d6bf1d9b3f9e5374b0309ddde97163f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-20 / CAPES / A demanda por água é uma preocupação recorrente em várias regiões do planeta. O Brasil, e em especial a região do Médio Araguaia, é uma região do planeta onde esse recurso é abundante, e também um dos que tem menos ações voltadas para a conservação e uso racional de seus recursos naturais. A degradação do macrossistema de áreas úmidas do Médio Araguaia vem ocorrendo a partir dos anos 70 de forma acelerada. O presente estudo visa servir de subsidio para políticas ambientais de fiscalização, recuperação e conservação, de forma a garantir as funções ecológicas deste importante sistema aquático-terrestre, onde para qualquer planejamento é necessário o conhecimento sobre a abrangência e limites da região estudada. Sendo assim, a delimitação da superfície máxima inundável das áreas úmidas da planície de inundação da Bacia do Médio Araguaia, considerando-se as épocas de maior inundação, se constitui como o esforço principal desse trabalho. Para tanto foram utilizadas técnicas de sensoriamento remoto aplicadas a imagens multitemporais do sensor TM do satélite LANDSAT 5, onde, através dos índices gerados pela transformação Tasseled Cap (TC), foram extraídas as amostras de treinamento que permitiram realizar uma classificação supervisionada através do algoritmo Support Vector Machine (SVM). Paralelamente, foi gerado um modelo HAND (Height Above the Neareast Drainage) utilizando o modelo digital de elevação SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). O cruzamento das informações obtidas pela classificação com o modelo hidrologicamente consistente HAND-SRTM permitiu estimar as áreas úmidas não detectadas pela classificação, tais como áreas alagadas sob densa cobertura vegetacional. Esses procedimentos permitiram delinear os limites máximos das áreas passíveis de inundação em época de cheia, que recobrem uma extensão de 88.119 km², cerca de 23% da área total da bacia do Médio Araguaia. / The demand for water is of great concern in many regions of the planet. In Brazil, particularly in the Araguaia region, water is an abundant resource, but is subject to poor conservation and water use policies. The degradation of the macrosystem of wetlands in the middle Araguaia has been taking place since the 1970s in an accelerated manner. This study aims to provide subsidy in the formulation of environmental policies for monitoring, recovery and conservation, which ensure the ecological functions provided by these important wetlands. In order to achieve that, the knowledge of the boundaries of the area to be studied is necessary. Thus, the main purpose of this work is the delimitation of the maximum surface likely to flood in the middle Araguaia basin, considering seasons of larger floods. Remote sensing techniques were used in multitemporal images from the LANDSAT 5 TM sensor, for the flood season. Through indexes generated by the Tasseled Cap (TC) transformation, areas of interest were obtained from the landscape elements, such as vegetation, soil, water, and wetlands. From training sample sets, a supervised classification was obtained using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm. In addition, a HAND (Height Above the Nearest Drainage) model was created using the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). The classes associated with humidity, resulting from the classification, were correlated to the altimetric classes obtained from the hydrologically consistent HAND-SRTM. Such procedures allowed the delineation of the maximum boundary of areas likely to flood during flood seasons, which cover 88,119 km² - around 23% - of the Médio Araguaia basin.

Sejam f:(C^2,0) to (C^3,0) um germe de aplicação holomorfa de coposto 1 e f_t uma perturbação estável de f. Os pontos singulares de f_t são cross-caps, pontos duplos ou pontos triplos. O número de cross-caps e pontos triplos de f_t e o número de Milnor da curva de pontos duplos de f_t são invariantes do germe f. Neste trabalho estudamos fórmulas para obter estes invariantes e no caso dos germes quasi-homogêneos relacionamos estes invariantes com a A_e-codimensão de f. / Let f:(C^2,0) to (C^3,0) be a holomorphic map-germ with corank 1 and f_t a stable perturbation of f. The singular points of f_t are either cross-caps, double points or triple points. The number of cross-caps and the number of triple points of f_t and the Milnor number of the double points curve of f_t are invariants of the germs f. In this work we study formulas to get these invariants and in the case of quasi-homogeneous germs we relate these invariants with the A_e-codimension of f.

Le PTFE ne peut pas être mis en forme par les procédés classiquement employés pour les polymères. La production de pièce peut se faire par compaction de poudre et frittage. Des charges peuvent être ajoutées à la poudre vierge. Afin de prédire les propriétés de la pièce à vert et d'avoir un outil fiable pour optimiser les paramètres du procédé de compaction, une modélisation du comportement mécanique de poudres de PTFE chargées, ou non, à température ambiante lors du pressage industriel est proposée. La caractérisation expérimentale des matériaux est réalisée grâce à un outil de compaction 3D installé dans la machine triaxiale ASTREE. A partir de ces essais originaux, un modèle Drucker-Prager/cap est identifié. Les variations importantes de densités et de propriétés sont décrites. Le changement de phase cristalline, prenant place à température ambiante et sous pression est également caractérisé, modélisé et implémenté dans le code EF. Ensuite, l'interaction entre le PTFE et l'outil métallique est vue comme un frottement interne entre le film de transfert de PTFE et le reste de la pièce. Elle est modélisée à partir des paramètres déjà identifiés, à savoir le coefficient de frottement interne du Drucker-Prager et la cohésion. Deux tests sont mis en place pour valider le modèle: un outil ¿dométrique instrumenté et un outil original " en V " offrant la possibilité de mesurer le champ de déplacement par Corrélation d'Image Numérique. Des simulations EF de l'ensemble du procédé sont finalement effectuées et comparées aux données industrielles. Les premiers liens entre les étapes de compaction et de frittage sont établis par caractérisation de la texture cristalline par DRX. / PTFE is not melt-processible. One of the production methods of PTFE parts consists in the powder compaction at room temperature followed by a thermal treatment, the sintering. Fillers can be added to the virgin powder. In order to be able to predict the properties of the obtained green parts and to have a reliable tool to optimize the parameters of the process, modeling of the mechanical behavior of PTFE compounds during their industrial pressing in big billets is proposed. Experimental characterization is made thanks to a 3D compaction tool, installed in the triaxial machine ASTREE. From original and complex loadings, a Drucker-Prager/cap model is identified, where the variations of density and properties are described. In addition to the elastoplastic model, a phase transformation in the crystalline structure at ambient temperature under pressure is experimentally characterized, modeled and implemented in the FE code. Then the interaction of the PTFE with a metallic counterpart is described as a friction between the PTFE transfer film and the bulk PTFE, characterized by the internal friction coefficient of the Drucker-Prager line once the cohesion of the material is reached. No additional parameter needs to be identified. Two laboratory tests allow the validation of the model, an instrumented œdometric tool and an original ‘V’ tool where the displacement field of the material during the compaction is measured by Digital Image Correlation. FE simulation of the whole compaction process is finally made and compared to industrial data. First links between the compaction and the sintering are established by a characterization of the crystalline texture thanks to XRD.

Sammanfattning Titel: Sambandet mellan kapitalstruktur och börsvärde: En jämförande studie mellan fastighetsbolag och övriga Large Cap-företag på Stockholmsbörsen Författare: Magnus Hofsberger, Albin Seger Handledare: Katarina Eriksson Bakgrund: Sambandet mellan kapitalstruktur och företagsvärde har sedan Modigliani och Miller (1958) publicerade irrelevansteoremet varit ett hett ämne. Än idag finns det dock inget entydigt svar på hur detta samband ser ut. Diskussionen har även på senare tid blivit ytterst aktuell då flera branscher på den svenska marknaden har ökat sin skuldsättning. Bland dessa branscher är det framförallt fastighetsbranschen som drivit på utvecklingen. Tidigare forskning är oenig och studien upplever att det finns ett kunskapsgap kring hur sambandet mellan kapitalstruktur och börsvärde ser ut på den svenska marknaden. Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka och analysera hur kapitalstrukturen hos bolag noterade på Large Cap på Stockholmsbörsen påverkar deras börsvärde. Dessutom syftar studien att undersöka eventuella skillnader i detta samband mellan fastighetsbolag och övriga Large Cap-företag. Metod: För att besvara studiens frågeställningar och syfte har studien använt sig av en kvantitativ forskningsmetod med en deduktiv ansats samt en paneldataregression för perioden 2018-2022. Resultat: Studien fann att sambandet mellan kapitalstruktur och börsvärde negativt och statistiskt signifikant. Dummyvariabeln för fastighetsbolag var inte statistiskt signifikant. Studien kan därmed konkludera att fastighetsbranschen inte skilde sig från resterande Large Cap-företag. / Abstract Title: The relationship Between Capital Structure and Market Capitalisation: A comparative study between Real Estate Companies and Other Large Cap Firms on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. Authors: Magnus Hofsberger, Albin Seger Supervisor: Katarina Eriksson Background: The relationship between capital structure and market capitalisation has been a hot topic ever since Modigliani and Miller (1958) published the irrelevance-theorem. There is, however, to this day no definite answer on what this relationship looks like. The discussion has become particularly relevant in recent times as several industries in the Swedish market have increased their leverage. Among these industries, it is primarily the real estate sector that has been driving the trend. Previous research has been inconclusive, and the study has identified a knowledge gap regarding the relationship between capital structure and market capitalisation in the Swedish market. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze how the capital structure of companies listed on the Large Cap segment of the Stockholm Stock Exchange affects their market value. Additionally, the study aims to examine any differences in this relationship between real estate companies and other Large Cap firms. Method: To address the research questions and the purpose of the study, a quantitative research method with a deductive approach in addition to a paneldataregression for the period 2018-2022 was used. Results: The study found that the relationship between capital structure and market capitalisation was negative and statistically significant. The dummy variable for real estate companies was not statistically significant. The study can therefore conclude that the real estate sector did not differ from the remaining Large Cap firms.

This paper aim to analyze how a Ukrainian membership in the European Union will affect the EU’s agriculture policy and if the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) needs to implement new reforms to deal with Ukraine’s possible connection. The method which used is a combination of qualitative text analysis a qualitative interview study. The results tell that the entrance of Ukraine will affect EU’s agriculture policy mainly through the economic aspect,that the agriculture support needs to increase which will affect the rest of the member statesas their payments to the EU also need to increase. Depending on when Ukraine accesses the EU, reforms of the current CAP would be preferably, alternatively a parallel CAP which aim to prepare Ukraine for the entrance to the EU’s internal market. The conclusions are that Ukraine’s accession to the EU will affect its agriculture politics, mainly through economics aspects and that the CAP would need reforms, mainly in purpose to reach the goals of a greener agriculture production and to adjust Ukraine to the EU:s regulations. / Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka om och hur en utvidgning av EU med fokus på Ukraina,får konsekvenser för EU:s jordbrukspolitik. Den ämnar också analysera huruvida EU:s gemensamma jordbrukspolitik (Common Agricultural Policy, CAP) behöver reformeras i samband med en anslutning av Ukraina till unionen. Metoden som används i uppsatsen är en kombination av en kvalitativ textanalys och kvalitativa intervjuer. De resultat som studien fastslår är att ett medlemskap för Ukraina får konsekvenser för de övriga medlemsländerna,ekonomiskt genom att jordbruksstödet bland annat behöver höjas för att kunna betalas ut till Ukraina, vilket innebär att medlemsavgifterna behöver höjas. Vidare analyseras hur jordbruksproduktionen kan få konsekvenser för både EU och Ukraina i from av effektivisering och en grönare produktion. De beslut EU fattar kring jordbrukspolitiken kommer att vara baserade på de ekonomiska faktorerna. CAP kan behöva reformeras, alternativt blir det aktuellt med skapandet av ett parallellt CAP, mer anpassat för att acklimatisera Ukraina inför anpassningen till EU:s jordbrukspolitik. Studiens slutsatser konstaterar att EU:s jordbrukspolitik kommer att påverkas av Ukrainas eventuella inträde i unionen, främst de ekonomiska aspekterna. En reform av nuvarande CAP beror på när Ukraina blir medlem. Sker det inom nästkommande 4 åren blir en uppdatering avnuvarande CAP aktuell.

Cette étude s'intéresse sur la simulation numérique des aires d'alimentation des puits d'eau potable sous l'influence d'une interface eau douce-eau salée (SWI), aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine, au Québec. Trois approches sont étudiées pour représenter l'interface, une entièrement dispersée (ID) considérant l'écoulement des eaux souterraines à densité variable et le transport advectif-dispersif, et les approches simplifiées de l'interface horizontale (IH et MODFLOW) et de Ghyben-Herzberg (GH). Le modèle d'éléments finis 3D SALTFLOW est utilisé pour toutes les simulations, en appliquant l'approche de la probabilité de captage (CP), basée sur le transport advectif-dispersif en mode arrière, pour définir les aires. Une analyse de sensibilité est d'abord appliquée à un domaine rectangulaire 3D simplifié avec un puits de pompage foré dans un aquifère de grès hautement perméable. Cette étude d'analyse de sensibilité porte sur l'influence de la conductivité hydraulique, la profondeur de la crépine et l'augmentation du taux de pompage sur la taille et la forme des aires. Les aires d'alimentation définies avec l'approche de CP sont comparées selon les différentes représentations de l'interface eau douce-eau salée énoncées dans cette étude. L'approche est ensuite appliquée à un sous-domaine 3D hétérogène sur l'Île du Cap aux Meules, qui comprend dix puits de pompage. Pour les conditions considérées dans cette étude, les aires de CP délimitées avec l'IH ou GH sont approximativement égales à 5% des aires simulées avec l'ID. Cependant, les aires ID sont généralement plus grandes comparées à celles simulées avec le traçage de particules basé sur le modèle MODFLOW, en raison des différences dans le modèle conceptuel et l'effet de la dispersion hydrodynamique dans l'approche de CP. L'effet du type d'interface diminue en s'éloignant du littoral. Le CP est une approche potentiellement utile pour définir les aires des aquifères insulaires avec l'intrusion d'eau salée. L'avantage de cette approche de CP est qu'elle inclut les incertitudes à travers le terme de dispersion permettant aux décideurs de choisir des niveaux de risques acceptables. / This study focusses on the numerical simulation of water well capture zones under the influence of a freshwater-saltwater interface (SWI), in the context of groundwater protection on the Magdalen Islands, Québec. Three approaches for representing the interface are investigated, a fully dispersed interface considering density-dependent groundwater flow and advective-dispersive transport, as well as the simplified approaches of a Ghyben-Herzberg interface and a horizontal interface. The 3D finite element model SALTFLOW is used for all simulations, including application of the capture probability (CP) approach, based on backward-in-time advective-dispersive transport, for defining the capture zones. A sensitivity analysis is first applied to a simplified 3D rectangular domain with a single well pumping within a highly permeable sandstone aquifer. Probability capture zones are compared under the different representations of the saltwater interface, highlighting the influence of hydraulic conductivity, the depth of the well screen, and an increase of the pumping rate on the capture zone size and shape. The approach is then applied to a 3D sub-domain of the Island of Cap aux Meules, including ten pumping wells within a heterogeneous system. For the conditions considered in this study, capture zones predicted using the capture probability approach assuming a Ghyben-Herzberg or horizontal interface had surface areas within about 5% of the capture zones simulated using a dispersed interface. These capture zones, however, were generally larger compared to those simulated using advective particle tracks based on a MODFLOW model, due to differences in the conceptual model and to the effect of hydrodynamic dispersion in the CP approach. The effect of the type of interface on the capture zone decreased away from the coastline. Capture probability is a potentially useful approach for defining capture zones in island aquifers under saltwater intrusion as it includes uncertainty through dispersion allowing decision-makers to choose acceptable levels of risk. It is concluded that the Ghyben-Herzberg and horizontale Interface simplifications are acceptable approaches, considering the inherent uncertainties in the conceptual models.

No description available.

Dans le Supergroupe Ouest-Congolais du bassin du Niari-Nyanga (Afrique centrale), les marqueurs des Glaciations Globales Sturtienne et Marinoenne sont représentés par les formations des «Diamictite inférieure» et «Diamictite supérieure».Ce travail de thèse présente une étude à haute résolution du Cap Carbonate associé à la Diamictite supérieure (6 coupes dans le bassin et 2 coupes dans la zone externe de la Chaîne du Mayombe). Les études pétrographiques révèlent la préservation des structures sédimentaires primaires et permettent de définir six microfaciès (MF0 à MF5) caractéristiques des paléoenvironnements de types inter- à supratidaux ou subtidaux. Dans le Cap Carbonate étudié, les indices de Kübler montrent une évolution croissante depuis la diagenèse profonde dans le bassin jusqu'à l'épimétamorphisme dans la zone externe de la Chaîne du Mayombe. Le signal isotopique ([delta]13C et [delta]18O) des Cap Carbonate échantillonnés est généralement reproductible dans le synclinal comme dans la chaîne, avec les valeurs du [delta]13C montrant une excursion négative variant de -2.6 [pour mille] à -5.6 [pour mille]. Les valeurs de d18O oscillent entre -6 [pour mille] et -12 [pour mille]. Par ailleurs, la confrontation des données minéralogiques, chimiques et isotopiques indique une influence négligeable des transformations post-sédimentaires sur la signature isotopique du Cap Carbonate indiquant la préservation des valeurs du [delta]13C de l'océan néoprotérozoïque. Enfin, l'ensemble des données de cette thèse et les résultats préliminaires des « Projets GLANEC» replacés dans un contexte régional permettent de définir le Membre SCIa du synclinal du Niari-Nyanga comme un Cap Carbonate lié à la Glaciation Marinoenne. / Within West-Congolian Supergroup of Niari-Nyanga Basin (Central Africa), the markers of Sturtian and Marinoan Global Glaciations are documented by the so-called «Lower Diamictite» and «Upper Diamictite». This work is based on 6 and 2 lithological sections from the basin and the external zone of the Mayombe fold belt. It corresponds to a high-resolution study of the Cap Carbonate lying unconformably on the Upper Diamictite. Petrographic analyses show preservation of primary sedimentary structures and lead to define six microfacies (MF0 to MF5). These microfacies caracterize paleoenvironments such as inter- to supratidal or subtidal types. Kübler index values of the studied Cap Carbonate display an increasing evolution from East to West, ie from a deep diagenesis in the basin to an epimetamorphism in the Mayombe external zone. Stable isotope signature ([delta]13C, [delta]18O) of the various components of this Cap Carbonate is reproducible throughout the basin as in the Mayombe external zone, with [delta]13C values displaying a negative excursion, decreasing from -2.6 ? to -5.6 ?. [delta]18O values of these components vary between -6 ? and -12 ?. Moreover, comparison between mineralogic, chemical and isotopic data indicates that post-sedimentary transformations had a very negligible influence on the isotopic signature of the Cap Carbonate, indicating preservation of d13C values of the Neoproterozoic ocean. Finally, when they are compared with other regional studies, all data of the present work and the preliminary results of the GLANEC Projects lead to the conclusion that the SCIa Member of the Niari-Nyanga Basin must be considered as a Cap Carbonate related to the Marinoan Global Glaciation.