In this work, the B-&gt / X_dell ell decays are examined in the context of a CP softly broken two Higgs doublet model. The differential branching ratio, forward-backward asymmetry, CP-violating asymmetry, CP-violating asymmetry in the forward-backward asymmetry and polarization asymmetries of the final lepton in this decay are studied. The dependencies of these physical parameters on the model parameters are analyzed by paying a special attention to the effects of neutral Higgs boson (NHB) exchanges and possible CP violating effects. It has been found that NHB effects are quite significant for the tau mode and the above-mentioned observables seems to be promising as a testing ground for new physics beyond the SM, especially for the existence of the CP-violating phase in the theory.

A general analysis of the photon and lepton polarizations in the rare Bs &amp / #8594 / &amp / #61543 / l+l- decay by using the most general model independent form of the effective Hamiltonian is presented. The total and the differential branching ratios for these decays, when photon is in the positive and negative helicity states, are studied. The sensitivity of &quot / photon polarization asymmetry&quot / and the longitudinal, transverse and normal polarization asymmetries of final state leptons, as well as lepton-antilepton combined asymmetries in Bs &amp / #8594 / &amp / #61543 / l+l- decay to the new Wilson coefficients are also investigated. It is shown that all these physical observables are very sensitive to the existence of new physics beyond SM and their experimental measurements can give valuable information about it.

Thesis (M.T.S.C.)--Miami University, Dept. of English, 2003. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105).

This dissertation thesis is concerned with developing a mesoscopic model for sin- gle crystalline shape-memory alloys including thermo-dynamically consistent thermo- mechanical coupling - here the term "mesoscopic" refers to the ability of the model to capture fine spatial oscillations of the deformation gradient by means of gradient Young measures. Existence of solutions to the devised model is proved in a "phase-field-like approach" by a scale transition from a microscopic model that features a term related to the interfacial energy; this scale transition from a physically relevant model justifies the mesoscopic relaxation. Further, existence of solutions is also proved by backward- Euler time discretization which forms a conceptual numerical algorithm. Based on this conceptual algorithm a computer implementation of the model has been developed and further optimized in the rate-independent isothermal setting; some calculations using this implementation are also presented. Finally, refinements s of the analysis in the convex case as well as a limit of the phase-field-like approach in this case are exposed, too.

Au croisement des courants de recherche sur l’étude du travail et sur celle de l’organisation, la thèse analyse la transformation de la main d’œuvre dans l’entreprise via la généralisation du recours à des formes d’emploi qualifiées d’atypiques. La littérature fait état d’une tendance à la déconnexion entre, d'une part, des pratiques de travail dans l’entreprise mêlant des individus aux statuts juridiques différents et, d'autre part, des théories de l’organisation reposant sur une relation d’emploi uniforme entre l’entreprise et ses travailleurs. Sur le terrain, les travailleurs réalisent l’activité de l’entreprise qu’ils soient salariés ou extérieurs, tout en conservant la représentation d’une main d’œuvre constituée de salariés. L’observation directe de la collaboration entre des salariés et des travailleurs extérieurs sur le lieu de travail de l’entreprise permet de comprendre les mécanismes à l’œuvre dans la réalisation commune d’activités sur le lieu de travail de l’entreprise. Pour décrire cette catégorie d’action, qui se situe entre l’étude du travail et celle de l’organisation (au sens de structure formelle représentée par l’entreprise), on proposera la notion d' « équipe composite ». L’équipe composite s’envisage comme une entité modulaire dont les statuts juridiques des travailleurs constituent les interfaces. L’entreprise intègre l’équipe composite au sein de sa structure légitime par des mécanismes bureaucratiques atténués. Quant aux acteurs, ils composent leur rôle de travailleur sur le lieu de l’entreprise au-delà de leur statut juridique et en fonction d’un répertoire construit à partir de leur expérience professionnelle. / Bridging work and organization studies, the dissertation analyzes changing workforce in the workplace due to the rising use of nonstandard arrangements. Previous research shows that the current organizational theory is based on inadequate conceptions of work inherited from industrial era. Today, the use of nonstandard work arrangements is very common. This leads to a blend of regular workers and nonstandard workers in the same work situation. As individuals don’t formulate the blending way of performing activities, we observe that a collective action remains possible even if the workers' legal statuses are different. As a consequence, a direct observation is needed to sort out the issue of the collaboration of regular workers and nonstandard workers in a firm’s workplace in order to understand how collective action happens. The “composite team” expression could describe this kind of collective action occurring in a specific organization involving people whose statuses differ. The firm does not disappear by integrating people from other organizations; it acts as an integrator of modular units composed by a composite team. The individuals play a role beyond their legal status in the workplace, depending on a repertoire built from professional experience.

Today, librarians are confronted with new roles during the execution of their work. The emerging roles require practical and technical skills, professional competencies and ability to perform and to constantly be in touch with those emerging technologies to stay afloat. The purpose of this research was to investigate the changing roles of academic librarians at the University of Nairobi (UoN) and its constituent college libraries in the current information age so that challenges can be established and measures put in place to overcome them. The current study employed both qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study was descriptive in nature and a survey research method was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents from each of the 13 libraries. Data was collected using a questionnaire and an interview schedule. A population of 70 respondents was to be surveyed but only 54 of them responded to the questionnaire. Quantitative data was descriptively analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. The study revealed that the role of librarians at the UoN has not necessarily changed in terms of duties, responsibilities, functions and processes, but what has changed is the intensity and manner of conducting the role. The main challenge remains that of re-training of staff in the use of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs). Therefore the study recommended training of staff in the use of ICTs, acquiring powerful servers to increase bandwidth connectivity and allocating more funds towards various activities. The study recommends that a similar research be replicated using different groups of librarians, for example those who started working when the services were already automated to find out whether they are also as challenged as their counterparts. A further research should also be carried out to investigate current jobs that exist elsewhere in the profession, such as knowledge management, ICT management in libraries, research data management and data curation. / Information Science / M.A. (Information Science)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Miriam Rezende Mendes.pdf: 1064619 bytes, checksum: b6da2aaa8db44ffb76705c6f0541f442 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-15 / This research present itself in a qualitatively perspective, with an ethnographic character. It analyzes the evaluative practice movement of the teachers who participated in the course about Avaliação numa perspectiva construtivista (Evaluation in a constructivist perspective). Initially, it discusses the hypothesis of non-changing related to the evaluative practice. In a reflexive way, that analyze pass to be inspired in the studies of Michel de Certeau, for not to surrender to the supremacy of the cultural products imposed by a dominating social order; in not to restrict itself to the perspectives of the theories about learning evaluation. The aim of this present research directed itself to the action of the consumers of this products the teachers when appropriating themselves of such theories, they do on their own way, re-measuring, and re-signifying them, with astuteness, creativity, inventiveness. When we understand that such professionals, in situations less privileged in the social structures of the constitutive power, have an intelligence that generates a multiplicity of interpretations, we open our eyes to the surprises, possibilitating various ways to the appreciation that trace the evaluative practice of the teachers. However, if we elect a single patter of reference to the daily actions analyze, we could close ourselves into only two conclusions: obedience or resistance. We opted, however, for approaching ourselves of Certeau, and to believe, as he does, in intelligence, and creativity also present in the actions of the more weak in the social organizations, who are the consumers of the cultural products. We created, so, new opportunities so that the crowd acquire life, turning clear the diversity of the evaluative practices of a group of teachers, focusing the concrete actions from real teachers analyze. / presente pesquisa apresenta-se em uma perspectiva qualitativa, de cunho etnográfico. Analisa o movimento da prática avaliativa de professores que participaram do curso sobre Avaliação numa perspectiva construtivista. Inicialmente, discute a hipótese de não-mudança em relação à prática avaliativa. Em uma trajetória reflexiva, a análise passa a ser inspirada nos estudos de Michel de Certeau, ao não se render à supremacia de produtos culturais impostos por uma ordem social dominante; ao não se limitar à perspectiva das teorias sobre Avaliação da aprendizagem. O foco da pesquisa direcionou-se à ação dos consumidores desses produtos os professores que, ao se apropriarem de tais teorias, o fazem à sua maneira, redimensionando-as e as resignificando, com astúcia, criatividade, inventividade. Ao entender que tais profissionais, em situações menos privilegiadas nas estruturas sociais de poder constituído, possuem uma inteligência que engendra uma multiplicidade de interpretações, abrimos nosso olhar para surpresas, possibilitando a apreciação de variados caminhos que delineiam as práticas avaliativas dos professores. No entanto, se elegêssemos um único padrão de referência para a análise das ações cotidianas, poderíamos nos fechar em apenas duas conclusões: obediências ou resistências. Optamos, todavia, por aproximarmo-nos de Certeau, e acreditar, como ele, na inteligência e criatividade também presentes nas ações dos mais fracos nas organizações sociais, que são os consumidores dos produtos culturais. Criamos, destarte, nova oportunidade para que a multidão adquira vida, evidenciando a diversidade de práticas avaliativas de um grupo de professores, focalizando a análise em ações concretas, de professores reais.

Diversos problemas de transporte, observados nas grandes metrópoles, têm sido mitigados com o aumento da capacidade da infraestrutura viária, voltada à circulação de veículos motorizados individuais. Com isso observa-se, atualmente, aumento dos congestionamentos, das poluições sonora e ambiental, mudanças climáticas e redução nos índices de atividade física da população. Uma alternativa encontrada por muitas cidades é a transformação de seu sistema viário em um local atrativo para utilização dos Modos Ativos de Transporte – realização de viagens a pé ou de bicicleta. Nesse sentido, a cidade de Porto Alegre desde 2010 vem aumentando a quantidade de ciclovias e ciclofaixas disponíveis. No entanto, a literatura indica que existem diversos outros fatores que influenciam na decisão por usar a bicicleta como modo de transporte, principalmente para os deslocamentos até o trabalho. Dessa forma, essa dissertação teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto que a implantação de vestiário, bicicletário, empréstimo de bicicletas, treinamento para trafegar de bicicleta e ciclovias disponíveis nas principais vias de Porto Alegre, causariam na probabilidade dos funcionários da Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento (CORSAN) utilizarem a bicicleta para realizar pelo menos dois deslocamentos por semana entre a sua casa e o trabalho. Para isso foi realizada uma Pesquisa de Preferência Declarada, incluindo essas variáveis e características socioeconômicas dos funcionários. A análise das medidas foi realizada utilizando o Modelo Logit Ordenado. Foi observado que o impacto da implantação das melhorias propostas possui magnitude maior que as características socioeconômicas das pessoas. Pessoas que atualmente utilizam o automóvel particular para seus deslocamentos diários são menos propensos à inclusão da bicicleta nos seus deslocamentos, assim como as que possuem filhos. A disponibilidade de vestiário com chuveiro e armário mostrou-se a variável mais importante para o estímulo do uso da bicicleta. A presença de um bicicletário interno e seguro, disponibilidade de bicicletas para empréstimo no local de trabalho e a presença de ciclovias no trajeto também apresentaram impactos significativos. O impacto da disponibilidade de treinamento para o uso de bicicleta foi significativamente menor que os observados nas outras variáveis. Considerando a viabilidade econômica e os benefícios observados, recomenda-se a implantação de vestiário e bicicletário, como medida de estímulo ao uso da bicicleta para os deslocamentos até o trabalho. / Most metropolitan areas mitigate transportation problems by increasing road infrastructure for motorized vehicles. This practice results in an increase in traffic congestion, noise and environmental pollution and reduction in the population’s physical activity levels. Many cities have tackled these externalities by transforming their road system into an attractive environment for Active Transport Modes - walking or cycling. As an example, the city of Porto Alegre has invested in the expansion of its cycling network since 2010. According to the literature, cycling infrastructure is one of the main factors that influence the use of bicycle for transportation, especially to work. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate the impact of implementing different measures to improve the use of bicycle for commutes using as case study Companhia Riograndense de Saneamento (CORSAN). The evaluated measures included availability of changing rooms, cycle parking, bike sharing systems, training on bicycle use, and cycle paths. An Ordered Logit Model was estimated based onStated Preference data. The impact of the proposed measures has greater magnitude than employee’s socioeconomic characteristics. Individuals who currently use the private car for commute are less likely to use bicycles for those trips, as well as those with children. The availability of a changing room with shower and locker proved to be the most important variable to increase bicycle use among CORSAN employees. Cycle parking inside the building in a safe place, a bike sharing system and the presence of cycle paths along the way also had significant impacts. The impact of training availability for bicycle use was significantly lower, compared to other variables. This research also suggests that implementation of changing room and appropriate parking facilities for bicycles are affordable and important measures to promote the use of bicycle for commutes to work.

Como mudam os instrumentos de política pública? A pergunta que intitula este trabalho pode ser respondida através de uma característica principal: gradualismo. Parte dos modelos explicativos que visam compreender transformações em políticas públicas partem de uma análise de fatores e processos exógenos. Estas abordagens constantemente privilegiam a ótica de um dos atores que participam do jogo da distribuição de recursos da política, sejam estes o governo, a sociedade civil, os capitais, ou quaisquer outros atores imersos nestas disputas. Ainda que o olhar para as atuações dos atores seja fundamental, há dois riscos intrínsecos a esta estratégia, são eles: a formação de um viés explicativo de acordo com as premissas dos atores onde se estabelece o enfoque analítico e o abandono dos fatores e processos causais que ocorrem de forma endógena à política. Este trabalho visa oferecer um enfoque analítico que se dá por dentro da política pública, através da análise dos seus instrumentos. Em paralelo à formação de conjunturas críticas externas abruptas, que fogem ao controle dos atores imersos ao jogo, há um processo gradual de mudanças que só é possível captar através deste tipo de abordagem. A análise do instrumento das Operações Urbanas em São Paulo permite compreender como estas alterações internas ocorrem de maneira paulatina e gradual através de um processo de layering - ao passo que conjunturas mais abruptas acontecem de maneira exógena ao instrumento. A combinação destes processos é o que viabiliza transformações mais amplas no instrumento, que são, por fim, institucionalizadas. / How does a public policy instrument change? The question that entitles this dissertation may be answered through a mains characteristic: gradualism. Some of the explanatory models which aim to understand transformations in public policies choose the analysis of external factors and processes. These frameworks constantly privilege the focus on one of the actors whose are embedded on the distributional policy game, being them the government, civil society, private companies or any other actors. Even if the look at these actors remains important, there are two intrinsic risks in this strategy: the existence of an explanatory bias, according to the specific premises of the actors chosen as the analytical focuses and the neglect of the causal factors and processes that happen inside the policy. This or offers an analytical emphasis that occurs endogenously to the policy, through the analysis of its instruments. Simultaneously to the formation of external abrupt critical junctures, there is a gradual changing process which is only able to comprehend through this endogenous look into the policy and its instruments. The analysis of the Urban Operations instrument in São Paulo aims to explicit how this changes happens in a gradual way through a layering process whereas critical junctures emerge in the external environment. The combination of these to processes is what enable broader transformations in the policy instrument, which are ultimately, institutionalized.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:38:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2298.pdf: 732274 bytes, checksum: 345b5540dc8b04a433c46d23dfe9783c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-19 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Interest and concern about mathematics teaching in early grades of elementary school were the driving force behind the making of this paper. The choice of investigative work as the main focus of the research reflects the search for leaving out mathematics teaching based on reproduction of procedures and algorithms. The work suggests a change in classroom dynamics by involving students in a more active way in their learning and mainly by motivating their creativity and reflection. The question which led the development of the research was: What are the limitations and the power of using investigative work in mathematics teaching in the early grades of elementary school starting from a teacher s actions and reflections? By aiming to help and expand the discussions over the usage of this kind of work, this qualitative study with action-research characteristics provides reflections on viability of the usage of this work in the early grades by polyvalent teachers. The theoretical references that support the research concern studies on investigative work and the changing scene suggested to the teacher when a new methodology is used. The references concerning this scene involve matters of fear and insecurity and point out reflection and partnership as a way of overcoming them. Data was obtained from a teacher and students from a third grade from a local public school and its collection was carried out through partnership between the teacher and the researcher at moments of study, preparation and reflection over the work done in the classroom. The data in this research was gathered through an interview with the teacher, audio and video recordings, questionnaire answered by the teacher and reports written by her, students records and researcher s notes. The analysis of the data was done in a way to highlight the moments that make up the classroom process in which it was possible to notice and highlight, through the teacher s actions and reflections, limitations and power of usage of investigative work in the early grades. The power identified in the investigation show the possibility of using this work in early grades mathematics teaching, thus contributing not only for the learning of mathematics, but also for the development of attitudes such as autonomy and mutual respect. The limitations observed in many moments were overcome or minimized by the teacher s reflexive attitude and group work, which was shared with the researcher. The study points out that if the disagreement between an innovative methodological proposal, such as mathematical investigation in early grades, and a school structure that privileges aspects of traditional teaching is not abandoned, even if the proposal proves itself successful, it will be limited to a small universe. / O interesse e a preocupação com o ensino de matemática nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental foram o impulso inicial para elaboração da presente pesquisa. A opção pelas tarefas investigativas como foco da pesquisa reflete a busca pela superação do ensino de matemática baseado na reprodução de procedimentos e algoritmos. Essas tarefas propõem uma mudança na dinâmica da sala de aula, envolvendo os estudantes de forma mais ativa em sua aprendizagem e principalmente incentivando a criatividade e a reflexão. A questão que norteou o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi: Quais as potencialidades e as limitações do uso de tarefas investigativas no ensino de matemática nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental a partir das ações e das reflexões de uma professora? Pretendendo colaborar e ampliar as discussões sobre o uso dessas tarefas, este estudo qualitativo, com características da pesquisa-ação, traz reflexões sobre a viabilidade do uso de tais tarefas nas séries iniciais por professores polivalentes. Os referenciais teóricos que embasam a pesquisa dizem respeito a estudos sobre as tarefas investigativas e o cenário de mudança proposto ao professor quando utiliza uma nova metodologia. O referencial a respeito desse cenário envolve as questões de medo e de insegurança e aponta a reflexão e a parceria como forma de superá-las. A coleta de dados foi realizada com a professora e os estudantes de uma terceira série (atual quarto ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos) de uma escola pública municipal e envolveu uma relação de parceria entre a professora e a pesquisadora nos momentos de estudo, preparação e reflexão sobre as tarefas desenvolvidas em sala de aula. Compõem os dados desta pesquisa: entrevista com a professora, gravações em áudio e vídeo, questionário respondido pela professora e relatórios feitos por ela, registros dos estudantes e anotações da pesquisadora. A análise desses dados foi realizada de fora a destacar os momentos que compõem o movimento da sala de aula nos quais foi possível, através das ações e reflexões da professora, perceber e destacar potencialidades e limitações do uso das tarefas investigativas nas séries iniciais. As potencialidades levantadas nessa investigação apontam para a possibilidade do uso dessas tarefas no ensino de matemática nas séries iniciais contribuindo não só para aprendizagens matemáticas, mas também no desenvolvimento de atitudes como autonomia e respeito ao outro. As limitações observadas foram superadas ou minimizadas em muitos momentos através da atitude reflexiva da professora e do trabalho em parceria e compartilhado com a pesquisadora. O estudo indica que, se o descompasso entre uma proposta metodológica inovadora, como a das investigações matemáticas nas séries iniciais, e uma estrutura escolar que privilegia aspectos do ensino tradicional não for superado, por mais sucesso que essa proposta possa trazer, ela ficará restrita apenas a um pequeno universo.