Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-06-29T19:11:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaF.Machado.pdf: 354790 bytes, checksum: d72e882a1cfd874570d5ede8bd459b3c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-29T19:11:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CamilaF.Machado.pdf: 354790 bytes, checksum: d72e882a1cfd874570d5ede8bd459b3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08 / COMDEDICA - Conselho municipal de defesa dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes / Esta Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia teve como foco a situação da adoção de crianças e adolescentes no município de São Leopoldo. Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo com delineamento descritivo de levantamento documental. Os dados foram coletados no conjunto dos processos de adoção, julgados no ano de 2011, na Vara da Infância e Juventude, do Fórum do município em questão. O procedimento de coleta de dados foi orientado por um instrumento agrupando informações relativas ao processo, à família de origem, à família adotante, e à criança ou ao adolescente. Os dados foram trabalhados estatisticamente através de análises descritivas. Os principais resultados apontaram para a escassez de registros relativos às famílias de origem, o que limitou o conhecimento sobre as condições dessas famílias. As mães biológicas assumiram de forma preponderante o destino dos filhos, visto que muitos pais, embora os tivessem registrado, ocuparam papeis secundários em suas vidas. Constatou-se que, da transição entre o rompimento do vínculo familiar até a concretização da adoção, houve um significativo tempo percorrido, durante o qual as crianças permaneceram em situação parental indefinida. A proporção de adoções prontas nos processos analisados revelou uma prática paralela ao estabelecido pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), sem o acompanhamento do judiciário e da equipe interdisciplinar. Embora a adoção direta não se configure como uma prática ilegal, torna-se necessário maior cautela nestes casos. / This Dissertation for an MA in Psychology is focused on the adoption of children and adolescents in a municipality called São Leopoldo. A quantitative study with a descriptive analysis of documents was conducted. Data were collected from all the processes of adoption which were analized in 2011, by the Childhood and Youth Forum of São Leopoldo. The procedure for data collection was guided by an instrument which gathered information concerning to the process, the biological family, the foster family and the child or adolescent. The data were processed statistically through descriptive analysis. The main results point to the lack of records related to the biological families. This fact limited knowledge of the condition of these families. The biological mothers assumed preponderantly the children's fate, whereas many fathers, although having registered the child, had secondary roles in their lives. It was found that during the transition between the breaking of family ties until the completion of the adoption process, there was significant elapsed time during which the children remained in an indefinite parental situation. The proportion of concluded adoptions processes analyzed revealed a parallel practice established by the Child and Adolescent Statute (ECA), without the monitoring of the judiciary and the interdisciplinary team. Although direct adoption is not an illegal practice, an intense caution is essential in such cases.

Esta pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa teve por objetivo investigar como os Centros para Crianças e Adolescentes (CCAs) vêm tratando a questão da inclusão do público com deficiência em seus espaços. Nas suas ações, a educação não formal figura como perspectiva educativa subjacente às ações de proteção social, visando à promoção do desenvolvimento de competências sociais, cognitivas e afetivas, marcadas por valores de inclusão e protagonismo social, complementando, assim, o processo educacional escolar num conceito ampliado de educação. Nessa lógica, os CCAs podem ser considerados potencialmente qualificados como instituições aptas a desenvolver ações socioeducativas com crianças e adolescentes com deficiência, inclusive em complementaridade à educação escolar, indicando oportunidades para que a abordagem da deficiência seja refletida e reedificada em ambos os espaços. Os procedimentos metodológicos para a coleta de dados foram: entrevistas semiestruturadas com doze profissionais de três CCAs eleitos como campo de pesquisa, análise de documentos e observação participante; ainda, a análise dos dados das entrevistas referenciou-se na análise de conteúdo. A presente pesquisa revelou que a concepção dos profissionais acerca do trabalho que desenvolvem vem acompanhando o deslocamento do eixo assistencialista para o eixo socioeducativo das ações, em consonância com o novo modelo de atuação proposto pela vigente política de assistência social. No entanto, algumas inconsistências práticas foram identificadas no que concerne à tarefa educativa desses serviços e a ideia de complementaridade entre CCAs e escolas, educação formal e não formal e ações intersetoriais, seja para o público com ou sem deficiência. Foi identificado um incipiente avanço gradual, no âmbito da Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social, ao indicar a inclusão de público com deficiência nos CCAs, porém sem a correspondência de adoção de medidas de acompanhamento técnico junto aos serviços para que esse atendimento seja implementado sob bases inclusivas. Em contrapartida, os CCAs reconhecem a importância e exibem predisposição para empreender tal ação, mas apresentam fragilidade discursiva e prática, a partir de concepções muito difusas e parciais que detêm sobre os temas inclusão e deficiência, evidenciando a necessidade de suporte técnico e formativo aos seus profissionais. / This qualitative approach research had for objective to investigate as the Centers for Children and Adolescents (CCAs) are treating the subject on the inclusion of the public with deficiency in their spaces. In their actions, the not formal education appears as educational perspective underlying to the social protection actions, seeking to the promotion of the development of social, cognitive and affectionate competences, marked by inclusion values and social protagonism, complementing, like this, the school education process in an enlarged concept of education. In that logic, CCAs can be considered potentially qualified as institutions capable to develop social-educational actions with children and adolescents with deficiency, besides in complementarity to the school education, indicating opportunities so that the approach of the deficiency is contemplated and rebuilt in both spaces. The methodological procedures for the data collection were: semi-structured interviews with twelve professionals of three CCAs elected as research field, analysis of documents and participant observation; besides, the analysis of the data interviews based on the content analysis. This research revealed that the professionals\' conception concerning the work that they develop is accompanying the displacement from the assistential axis to the social-educational axis of the actions, in consonance with the new model of performance proposed by the effective social welfare politics. However, some practical inconsistencies were identified in what concerns to the educational task of those services and the complementarity idea between CCAs and schools, formal and not formal education and inter-sectorial actions, so much for the public with as without deficiency. It was identified an incipient gradual progress in the extent of the Municipal General Office of Social Welfare, when indicating the inclusion of public with deficiency in CCAs, however without the correspondence of adoption of technical attendance measures close to the services so that it is implemented under inclusive bases. In compensation, CCAs recognize the importance and exhibit predisposition to undertake such action, but they present discursive and practical fragility, starting from very diffuse and partial conceptions that they have on the inclusion and deficiency themes, evidencing the need of technical and formative support to their professionals.

Na década de 1990 as organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) começaram a atuar de forma diferente em relação à sua gênese: passaram a trabalhar em parceria com o Estado na execução de políticas públicas. Investigo neste trabalho as bases das transformações da atuação das ONGs e as relações que hoje as organizações não-governamentais que trabalham com meninos(as) de rua no centro de São Paulo estabelecem na parceria com o governo, focalizando a participação nas políticas públicas e a autonomia das organizações diante da administração municipal. Com o objetivo de entender de forma mais clara o trabalho das instituições e a formulação de políticas públicas, apresento um histórico do atendimento às crianças e aos adolescentes em situação de risco no Brasil e descrevo, ainda que de forma sumária, as principais questões relacionadas com os meninos(as) que vivem nas ruas. Para a obtenção dos dados empíricos, utilizei as técnicas do questionário, da entrevista e da observação direta. / During the 1990 decade, the non governmental organizations (NGOs) started working differently from their original proposals: they started working in partnerships with the Government in the execution of public policies. In this essay, I investigate the basis of the transformation in the work of the NGOs, the relation between the NGOs that work with street kids in the centre of Sao Paulo and the Government, focusing the participation in the public policies and the autonomy of these organizations. For a better understanding of the work of these institutions and the establishment of public policies destined to street kids, I present a report of the attendance given to the children and adolescents who live in risk situation in Brazil and describe, in a summary way, the main aspects related to the children who live on the streets. To obtain the empiric data, I made use of questionnaire technics, interviews and direct observation.

It is essential that research be conducted regarding both the needs of and the outcomes for children placed outside of their biological homes. According to AFCARS (Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System Report), approximately 408,425 children in the United States were in foster care in 2010 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [DHHS], 2011a). In addition to the large number of children and adolescents in foster care, there are a disproportionate number of U.S. racial/ethnic minority children in foster care and other out-of-home placements (Committee for Hispanic Children and Families, 2004; Schwartz, 2007; Smith & Devore, 2004). Specifically, African American children are overrepresented in the foster care system compared to either other racial/ethnic groups (U.S. DHHS, 2011b). Approximately 45% of foster parents report caring for children of a different racial ethnic background than their own (Coakley & Orme, 2006). The majority of actual outcome studies regarding transracial placements for children focus on psychological adjustment, and the results are mixed (Brown, George, Sintzel, & Arnault, 2009; Burrow & Finley, 2004; Keller et al., 2001; Moffatt & Thoburn, 2001).However, there is very limited research on the relationship between race/ ethnicity of caregivers in residential settings and the outcomes for children of different racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of the current study was to extend the Jewell et al. (2010) investigation by measuring the youth's behavioral functioning in a family teaching home throughout their stay in a residential setting. The major aims of this study were to (a) investigate the relations between type of family home placement (inracial vs. transracial) and behavioral outcomes for the youth and (b) identify the key variables to consider for placement of racial/ethnic minority youth in a family-style residential treatment center. Results of the study indicate that overall youth placed in inracial family teaching homes had better behavioral outcomes than youth placed in transracial family teaching homes. The current study suggests that both racial/ethnic groups (African American and European American) benefitted from being placed in inracial versus transracial family home settings. Age, gender and race/ethnicity did not appear to be contributing to the behaviors of the youth as much as type of placement (inracial versus transracial).

Between 20% and 57% of patients at community mental health centers miss their first mental health appointment, resulting in wasted resources and longer wait times for other patients. To date, only one peer-reviewed quantitative study examined the relationship between appointment reminder practices and children's and adolescents' first appointment attendance rates for community mental health centers. The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine the relationship between first appointment wait times, electronic appointment reminders, phone appointment reminders, and first appointment attendance for U.S. community mental health centers, along with the potential moderating effects of age, ethnicity, and gender. Blumer's symbolic interaction theory served as the theoretical framework. Secondary data on was collected from 12 Texas-based community mental health centers covering 5,260 patients. Binary logistic regression uncovered the following key study findings: (a) wait time and message type significantly predicted appointment attendance; (b) e-mail appointment and text reminders were significantly more effective than were phone reminders; and (c) age, gender, and ethnicity moderated the relationship between wait time and message type, and first appointment attendance. The implications for positive social change include improving our understanding of the optimal appointment reminder tactics that increase children's and adolescents' mental health appointment attendance rates, improve operating efficiency of community health centers, and increase the likelihood that children and adolescents will receive needed mental health services.

A presente dissertação de mestrado pretende estudar o desdobramento da garantia do direito à origem de crianças e adolescentes no contexto da adoção, marcada pelo rompimento dos vínculos com a família biológica e pela irrevogabilidade, ressaltando o possível reflexo dessa opção legislativa na formação da identidade e personalidade desses sujeitos de direito. Assume-se, com tal propósito, a necessidade de uma nova visão do instituto, que contemple não apenas o seu caráter construtivo e garantista, ou seja, formação e garantia de uma família à criança ou adolescente, mas também o seu traço de desconstrução, muitas vezes pouco estudado: significa a desconstrução de um nome, uma filiação, uma origem, um passado e uma história, enquanto outros serão formados de modo ficcional. A análise da adoção sob o enfoque de solidariedade social pressupõe o conhecimento e a escuta atenta das famílias que tem seus filhos afastados do convívio e submetidos a medidas de acolhimento institucional, com o fim de aferir o sensível descompasso entre teoria e prática da doutrina da proteção integral contemplada pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente. A ampliação dos espaços para escuta de todos os atores pressupõe, ainda, o fortalecimento das capacidades de crianças e adolescentes posicionarem-se como verdadeiros sujeitos de direito quanto às questões afetas aos seus próprios destinos. Nessa linha de raciocínio, conceitos corriqueiramente invocados nos discursos forenses para fins de afastamento de pais e filhos passam por uma profunda revisão norteada pelos conhecimentos de outras áreas de ciências humanas, de modo interdisciplinar, tais como história, psicologia e sociologia. Observa-se, com destaque, a dificuldade de garantia de permanência e estabilidade em um mundo marcado por relações fluidas e voláteis, notadamente quando se trata do Direito da Infância e Juventude, formado, de um lado, por pessoas em franco processo de desenvolvimento crianças e adolescentes e, de outro, por suas famílias, como típico fenômeno social, inseridas em um processo aflitivo de afirmação de direitos. Ao final, caminha-se para a conclusão de que a figura da filiação múltipla poderia auxiliar na compatibilização do passado e do futuro de crianças e adolescentes adotados, preservando suas identidades e personalidades. / This PhD thesis intends to study the development, as far as adoption is concerned, of children and adolescents right to origin, marked by the sunder of bonds with the biological family as well as by its irrevocability, denouncing the possible reflex of such legislative options on the development of identity and personality of those legal subjects. It is hereby assumed, thus, the necessity of a new envision of this institute, contemplating not only its constructive and safeguarding character, i.e., the formation and safeguarding of the right of a family to a child or adolescent, but also its deconstructive feature, often less studied: that is, the deconstruction of a name, affiliation, past and history, while others are conceived fictionally. The study of adoption under a social solidarity scope presumes the acknowledgement and the focused listening of families which had their children separated from of their lives and submitted to institutional sheltering measures, with the purpose of identifying the reasonable gap between theory and practice, regarding the integral protection doctrine contemplated by the Children and Adolescents Statute. The amplification of spaces for listening to those actors presumes, also, the strengthening of children and adolescents capacity to position themselves as true legal subjects, in relation to questions concerning their own destinies. In that line of reasoning, commonly referred by legal opinions regarding the separation of parents and children, a profound review based on concepts of other humanities sciences is interdisciplinarily conducted, involving history, psychology and sociology. It is observed, apropos, the difficulty of safeguarding permanence and stability in a world distinguished by fluid and volatile relationships, specially as far as the Children and Adolescents Law is concerned, being composed, on one hand, by people during a direct process of development children and adolescents and, on the other, by their families, in a typical social phenomenon inserted in a distressing process of confirmation of rights. In conclusion, it is submitted that the concept of multiple affiliation could help the harmonization of adopted children and teenagers past and future, preserving their identities and personalities.

This thesis examines the requirements of children and adolescents with severe spinal cord injuries. The requirements are expressed by the parents of the children and by adolescents and are in contrast to official views of their 'needs'. There is no literature on the needs of these children and adolescents. The thesis thus begins with a examination of the literature on the needs of people with disabilities and people with spinal cord injury. Proponents of the social model of disability, which is based on the experiences of people with disabilities, contend that the main requirements of people with disabilities is ending their social marginalisation, and it is hypothesised that the requirements of the children and adolescents will be related to ending social marginalisation. Open-ended unstructured interviews with parents, parents and adolescents and adolescents alone ( a total of 20 interviews) provided data for analysis. Analysis of the data shows that the requirements of the children and adolescents, like adults with spinal cord injuries, differ from those of people with disabilities in that there are important concerns in addition to marginalisation.

<p>The aims of the present thesis were to study: 1. reported eating attitudes, dieting behavior and body image over a 1-year period among preadolescent girls (age 7-8); 2. differences in eating attitudes and coping between groups of teenage girls differing in dieting frequency, and to assess changes with increasing age (age 13-17); and 3. to what extent eating attitudes, self-esteem and coping predict disturbed eating attitudes. A final aim was to explore differences in the reported wish to be thinner, dieting, and eating attitudes between two age-matched cohorts of girls in 1995 and 1999 (7-15 years).</p><p>The project is designed as a longitudinal prospective study, spanning seven years. 1300 girls in the ages (1995) 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 years have been assessed annually for three consecutive years (1995-1997) (Main Cohort). An additional group matched for age with the original group was recruited in 1999 (Societal Cohort). The results suggest that dieting and the wish to be thinner starts as early as at 7 years of age, and that repeated dieting attempts correlate with disturbed eating attitudes. A marked increase of the wish to be thinner was evident in the 10- to 14-year age range, and significant increases in dieting attempts occurred mainly between ages 9 and 13. There were no differences between 1995 (Main Cohort) and 1999 (Societal Cohort) (except among 7 and 11-year-olds) with regard to dieting, the wish to be thinner and disturbed eating attitudes. Eating patterns and attitudes were shown to be the strongest predictors of disturbed eating attitudes three years later. Assessment of dieting, the wish to be thinner and eating attitudes is suggested BS a component in school health care.</p>

The aims of the present thesis were to study: 1. reported eating attitudes, dieting behavior and body image over a 1-year period among preadolescent girls (age 7-8); 2. differences in eating attitudes and coping between groups of teenage girls differing in dieting frequency, and to assess changes with increasing age (age 13-17); and 3. to what extent eating attitudes, self-esteem and coping predict disturbed eating attitudes. A final aim was to explore differences in the reported wish to be thinner, dieting, and eating attitudes between two age-matched cohorts of girls in 1995 and 1999 (7-15 years). The project is designed as a longitudinal prospective study, spanning seven years. 1300 girls in the ages (1995) 7, 9, 11, 13 and 15 years have been assessed annually for three consecutive years (1995-1997) (Main Cohort). An additional group matched for age with the original group was recruited in 1999 (Societal Cohort). The results suggest that dieting and the wish to be thinner starts as early as at 7 years of age, and that repeated dieting attempts correlate with disturbed eating attitudes. A marked increase of the wish to be thinner was evident in the 10- to 14-year age range, and significant increases in dieting attempts occurred mainly between ages 9 and 13. There were no differences between 1995 (Main Cohort) and 1999 (Societal Cohort) (except among 7 and 11-year-olds) with regard to dieting, the wish to be thinner and disturbed eating attitudes. Eating patterns and attitudes were shown to be the strongest predictors of disturbed eating attitudes three years later. Assessment of dieting, the wish to be thinner and eating attitudes is suggested BS a component in school health care.

Few mental health studies have explored the prevalence of disorders, risk factors, and availability of services in Antioquia, especially in urban children and adolescent populations. However, access studies have never been developed. Despite growing interest in access, researchers, bureaucrats and interest groups have not come to any consensus about which specific factors may be considered in order to improve access for children and adolescents, especially in provinces with high levels of violence, displacement and inequality. This thesis aims to generate such a consensus among a diverse group of mental health stakeholders around Antioquia. Consensus suggests that predisposing, enabling, need and behaviour factors simultaneously influence access. Additionally, social capital is the resource upon which several mental health programs focus for the development and promotion of mental health services. Finally, stakeholders have identified effectiveness criteria that should be used to evaluate their efficacy as a network in order to improve their work.