The next part of this thesis deals with the development of children and youth participation, it explains the term 'participation', brings up the specification and importance of youth participation and it deals with the range of participative pedagogy as well. The second part enquires into leisure time centres. The term 'leisure time' is explained in conection with children and youth and conditions and activities of these centres are discussed especially aming at children and youth centres. A function of after-school education is mentioned and the issue of using free time is dealt with in such a way that its utilization can support their active participation. The final part discusses functioning of participation in assorted children and youth centres in South Bohemia. The survey is focused on the examination of grades and forms of participation in a hobby group.

A criação de sistemas de informação e a preocupação em disponibilizar informações de diferentes naturezas (sociais, econômicas, saúde) é crescente no Brasil. Não obstante, o estudo do crescimento somático e da aptidão física de crianças e adolescentes pode trazer informações valiosas para que profissionais que atuam com essa faixa etária possam melhor desenvolver programas de educação física e esportes. Dessa forma, o objetivo geral desse estudo é o de mapear o crescimento somático, aptidão física e os indicadores sociais georreferenciados de crianças e jovens brasileiros, de 10 a 15 anos, estratificados por sexo e por estados do sul do Brasil. A amostra é composta por 33.875 crianças e jovens, sendo 16.689 do sexo feminino (Paraná 4.055, Rio Grande do Sul 8.670 e Santa Catarina 3.964) e 17.186 do sexo masculino (Paraná 3.807, Rio Grande do Sul 9.228 e Santa Catarina 4.161. A amostra foi retirada do banco de dado do Projeto Esporte Brasil. Utilizamos a técnica de “mapas e cenários” (mapping). O estudo foi composto por três mapas e um cenário. Para a descrição dos dados nos mapas utilizou-se a média, o desvio padrão e a freqüência de ocorrência. Para a composição do cenário foi utilizada o teste quiquadrado e o risco estimado. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizamos o programa SPSS for Windows. Os resultados demonstraram que no mapa do crescimento tanto os meninos quanto as meninas do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) são mais altos e mais pesados que nos outros dois Estados. No percentual de ocorrência para índice de massa corporal observamos que os avaliados do RS apresentam uma maior ocorrência acima do ponto de corte nos dois sexos seguidos pelos avaliados no Paraná (PR). No mapa da aptidão física, constatou-se que os avaliados em Santa Catarina têm os melhores índices, em média, nos dois sexos, para: resistência geral e abdominais em 1 minuto. Os avaliados no RS e PR oscilaram com índices inferiores aos dos SC nessas variáveis. O mesmo ocorreu para flexibilidade no sexo masculino. No entanto, no sexo feminino as PR atingiram melhores índices. No mapa dos indicadores sociais georreferenciados observamos que o RS apresenta a menor densidade demográfica dos três estados. Ao citarmos os indicadores econômicos SC apresenta o maior PIB/per capita dos três Estados e ao mesmo tempo tem a menor participação no PIB nacional. Nos indicadores sociais SC se destaca positivamente quando comparado aos outros dois estados. É o melhor índice de desenvolvimento humano, melhor índice de desenvolvimento juvenil, a melhor distribuição de renda (coeficiente de Gini) e a menor taxa de analfabetismo. O RS apresenta a menor taxa de mortalidade infantil. No cenário elaborado, realizamos uma associação entre o IMC e as variáveis da aptidão física relacionada à saúde de acordo com a bateria de testes do PROESP. Constatamos que existem associações significativas entre as variáveis IMC - Resistência Geral e IMC - Força/Resistência Abdominal (p=0,000). Já com relação à associação entre IMC – Flexibilidade não houve associação significativa (p>0,005). Assim o risco estimado para os avaliados que não atendem o ponto de corte para a resistência geral é de 147% (RR=2,47) para os meninos e 88% (RR=1,88) para as meninas, de também não atingirem o ponto de corte do IMC. Na força/resistência abdominal 96% (RR=1,96) de risco dos meninos que não atingiram o ponto de corte nessa variável de também não atingirem no IMC, ao fazer essa mesma análise para o sexo feminino constatou-se que existe um risco de 90% (RR=1,90). Os pontos de corte utilizados para as duas variáveis são propostas pelo PROESP-BR (2009). A utilização da técnica de mapas e cenários nos permite ter uma ampla visão dos resultados atingidos pelo PROESP-BR, disponibilizando subsídios, georreferenciados, para aprofundar nossos estudos sobre determinados fenômenos referentes ao crescimento somático e aptidão física de crianças e jovens. / The development of information system and the need for available information of different natures (social, economic, health) is crescent in Brazil. Nevertheless, the somatic growth and physical fitness study of children and adolescents can bring valuable information to professionals that act with this age group so they can develop better physical education and sports programs. Thus, the general goal of this study is to map the somatic growth, physical fitness and social georeferences indicators of Brazilian children and youth of 10 to 15 years old stratified by sex and locations in the Southern Brazilian States. The sample was composed by 33.875 children and youth, 16.689 girls (Paraná State 4.055; Rio Grande do Sul State 8.670; Santa Catarina State 3.964) and 17.186 boys (Paraná State 3.807; Rio Grande do Sul State 9.229; Santa Catarina State 4.161). The sample was taken from the PROJETO ESPORTE BRASIL database. We used map and scenario (mapping) technique. The study was composed for three maps and one scenario. We used mean, standard deviation and occurrence to describe the maps. To the scenario composition we used the qui-square test and estimate risk. The SPSS for windows program was used for data treatment. The results showed that somatic growth map for both sexes for the individuals from Rio Grande do Sul State are taller and heavier than the others States. The occurrence of individuals above the body mass index cut offs was bigger in Rio Grande do Sul State for both sexes, followed by Paraná State. Regarding the Physical Fitness map, we observed that the individuals from Santa Catarina State had the higher means, for both sexes, in general endurance and in muscular strength/resistance. The same occurred in flexibility levels of boys. However, girls from Paraná State had the best results. With regards to the social georeference indicators map, we observed that Rio Grande do Sul State showed the lower demographic density. Santa Catarina State had the bigger gross domestic product per capita and the lower national gross domestic product participation. Santa Catarina State had positive highlight social indicators compared to the others two States And also had the best human development index, the best youth development index, the best distribution of income (Gini coefficient), and the best illiteracy rate. Rio Grande do Sul State showed the lower infant mortality rate. At the elaborated scenario we used the body mass index and general endurance association. We identified an association between the variables (p=0,000) and the estimated risk for those individuals who did not attend the general endurance was 147% (RR=2,47) and 88% (RR=1,88) for boys and girls respectively, bigger than those individuals who attended the general endurance cut offs to be into the group that did not attend the body mass index cut offs. The cut offs used for both variables are proposed by PROJETO ESPORTE BRASIL (PROESP, 2009). The maps and scenarios technique utilization allowed us to have a broad vision of PROJETO ESPORTE BRASIL results, providing subsidies, georeferenced, to deepen our studies about children and youth somatic growth and physical fitness.

fenômeno da violência sexual infanto-juvenil não se explica por si só, pois é também resultado de uma prática socioespacial, em que é nítido o envolvimento simultâneo de variáveis sociais, culturais e psicológicas. Nossa pesquisa tem como objetivo entender a violência sexual infanto-juvenil em Manaus (2006-2010), a partir de uma leitura geográfica e psicossocial do fenômeno. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quanti-qualitativa, de natureza exploratória, retrospectiva e descritiva, com abordagem baseada na hermenêutica da profundidade, por meio da qual realizamos pesquisa de campo junto aos casos denunciados, entrevistas aos usuários dos serviços de atendimento às vítimas, mapeamento do fenômeno das zonas administrativas da cidade, levantamento em bases estatísticas oficiais e revisão bibliográfica. Os resultados mostram que a formação do quadro regional da Amazônia a partir de seus projetos de ocupação e desenvolvimento teve sua base na exploração material e sexual de seus povos. Não se pode negar que a distribuição espacial do fenômeno em Manaus tem forte ligação com as carências de infra-estrutura urbana e de equipamentos e serviços nas zonas onde a freqüência do número de denúncias é maior, constituindo-se assim como espaços segregados e de maior vulnerabilidade do fenômeno. As instituições que compõem a rede de enfrentamento da violência sexual infanto-juvenil em Manaus são insuficientes frente à demanda do número de casos, à superfície territorial e à população da cidade que buscam por seus serviços. Sua fragilidade está na articulação da rede, na ausência de políticas públicas para o enfrentamento deste tipo de violência, assim como a inadequada distribuição das instituições no espaço da cidade, dificultando o acesso e a acessibilidade da população às mesmas. / The phenomenon of child-youth sexual abuse can not be explained by itself alone. It is also the result of socio-spatial practice. It is clear that there is simultaneous involvement of social, cultural and psychological variables. Our research aims at understanding the sexual abuse of children and youth in Manaus (2006-2010) from a geographical and psychosocial reading of the phenomenon. It is about quantitative and qualitative research, of exploratory nature, descriptive and retrospective, using a depth hermeneutics approach for conducting field research in the reported cases, interviewing those who have used the services that care for such victims, mapping the phenomenon in the administrative areas of the city, using survey databases from official statistics and reviewing library materials. The results show that the formation of a regional framework of the Amazon from its settlement projects and \"development\" has had its basis in the material and sexual exploitation of its people. There is no denying that the spatial distribution of the phenomenon in Manaus has strong links with the lack of urban infrastructure, facilities and services in areas where the frequency of the number of complaints is higher, thus forming as if they were segregated spaces with greater vulnerability to the phenomenon. The institutions that make up the network for fighting child-youth sexual abuse in Manaus are insufficient in facing the demand of the number of cases, the size of the area, and the city population that seeks their services. Its weakness is in the joint network in the absence of public policies to face this kind of violence, as well as the inadequate distribution of institutions within the city, making availability and access difficult for the population to get to them.

The majority of children, involved in both waged and unwaged work exist beyond the control and comprehension of national and international regulation, within the informal economy. Research has shown that the informal economy, contrary to general perception, is not a sphere of unregulated activity, but rather, operates through alternative structures and techniques of power. Children's work within the informal economy, and therefore outside the regulative reach of the state, is subject to extra-legal modes of regulation that are pursued through elaborate systems of discipline and power exercised by non-state actors, groups, and social institutions and networks. Through a case study on children in Kolkata, India, who are engaged in specific forms of informal work in three distinct urban spaces – domestic servitude in the private realm of the home, small-scale manufacturing and service work in factories and shops, and ragpicking, scavenging and begging on the streets – this thesis aims to explore the way children's lives are constructed through work and space, to uncover the social processes and relations of power that working children navigate in order to build and sustain their livelihoods. I examine the way that children's spaces of work are imbued with social relations of gender, caste, religion, ethnicity and power that are enacted through the construction of hierarchies, divisions of labour, and work regimes. I also explore the politics of these spaces, revealing the primary economic partnerships and obstacles that children contend with in constructing their working lives. Overall, I aim to uncover the ways in which children engage with and negotiate the extra-legal systems of regulation by categorically analysing children's work in the home, shop and factory, and street.

No description available.

Bakgrund: Fysisk inaktivitet och mental ohälsa ökar bland barn och ungdomar i Sverige. Forskning visar att beteenden som barn har ofta fortsätter i vuxen ålder, och att fysisk aktivitet är positivt för både hälsan och studieresultat. Trots detta finns det nästan inga fysioterapeuter i den svenska skolan. Av denna anledning intervjuades de som arbetar i elevhälsoteamet.   Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur de professioner som ingår i elevhälsoteam på kommunala grundskolor tänker kring behov av och möjligheter för att inkludera fysioterapeut i elevhälsoteamet. Metod: Kvalitativ design, gjord med intervjuer och analyserad med induktiv ansatts. Urvalet var åtta personer som representerade fyra av de professioner som arbetar inom elevhälsoteamet.   Resultat: Fyra kategorier och tio underkategorier utformades. Kategorierna var: Kunskap om fysioterapi, Elevhälsoteamets uppdrag, behov av kompetens och Styrande faktorer. Dessa kategorier talar om informanternas förkunskap om fysioterapeuter, vad elevhälsoteamet gör idag, vad de ser för kompetensbehov och vad som styr ifall fysioterapeuter skall komma in i skolan.   Slutsatser: Informanterna såg positivt på att ta in fysioterapeuter i skolan. Hinder identifierades i form av ekonomi och lagstadgad styrning. Det finns ett behov av att marknadsföra vad fysioterapeuter kan göra för skolan till de som tar beslut kring elevhälsoteamet. / Background: Physical inactivity and mental illness is growing among children and youths in Sweden. Research shows that the behaviours that children have often continue in adulthood, and that physical activity is good for both general health and academic results. Despite this, there are almost no physiotherapists in Swedish schools. Because of this those who work in the student health team were interviewed.   Aim: The aim of this study is to survey what professions that are included in the student health teams in municipality schools think about the need of and possibilities for physiotherapists to be included in the student health team.   Method: Qualitive design conducted with interviews and analysed with inductive approach. The included participants were eight persons who represented four of the professions that work within the student health team.   Result: Four categories and ten subcategories were formed. the categories were: knowledge of physical therapy, the student health teams mission, need for competence and controlling factors. These categories convey the informant’s knowledge about physiotherapists, what the student health team does today, their need for additional competence and what determines whether physiotherapists can work within schools.   Conclusion: The informants were positive towards possibly having physiotherapists in schools. Hurtles were identified as economic and law. There is a need for physiotherapists to market what they can contribute to the school to those in power over the student health team.

Title: Organization and management of football academies Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to create a general model for the organization and management of football academies by exploring key areas in work with youth in football club 1. FC Slovácko. The next object is to propose measures that would lead to the improvement of the conditions of preparation and education of young players in the club. Methods: The basic method in processing this thesis was "case study". I focused on a detailed examination of the case, Football academy in 1. FC Slovácko club. I used method "document analysis" and method "interview with the instructions" to collected necessary data and information relating to the football academy. Results: Using these methods I achieved goals that I had set. I created a generic model for the organization and management of football academies. I found out how works Football academy in Uherské Hradiště and I suggested measures, that could lead to the improvement of conditions and work with youth. Keywords: football, football academy, organization, children and youth

TITLE: The impact of projects financed from the European Union on the quality of NGO activities for children and youth AUTHOR: Bc. Šimona Müllerová DEPARTMENT: Department of Education SUPERVISOR: doc. PhDr. Věra Poláčková CSc. CONSULTANT: Mgr.Karolína Pávková ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the implementation of projects financed by the European Social Fund. Through qualitative research it explores the impact of these projects on the quality of NGO activities for children and youth. Through expert survey it presents the issue from the perspective of three experts. The case studies presenta a description of five NGOs from Prague and the regions of the ČR, who implemented projects aimed at children and youth with the assistance of the ESF. The analysis of information obtained from experts and the NGOs gives an opportunity to say a few major phenomena associated with projects. The main positive effect is the possibility to pursue a wide range of activities for children and youth. The problem occurs after completion of the project and the end EU subsidies. It will be difficult to ensure the sustainability of activities for children and young people throughout their range. KEYWORDS: Non-profit organisations European social fund Projects Children and youth

Child and youth care (CYC) practitioners (CYCPs) who have lived in residential placement as children or youth represent an understudied and thus largely unknown cohort. This lack of knowledge has resulted in assumptions, generalizations, and unfounded claims impacting discourses, and potentially practices, within CYC. Based on the development of an original research method—audio drama inquiry—this sonic dissertation presents the first documented examination of the perspectives, experiences, and insights of 17 Canadian CYCPs “from care” (CYCPfC). Informed by research-based theatre, CYC theory, and care ethics, two audio drama series were created asking “what does residential placement experience do to CYCPs, and how do CYCPfC do CYC?” The resulting performances reveal frictions and desires related to working for, within, and at times against the same systems that one grew up in. CYCPfC articulate benefits resulting from their “lived experience,” such as identification, empathy, inimitable systemic knowledge, and motivations to initiate change within such systems. However, the audio dramas also reveal perils related to their personal histories, the institutions in which they work(ed), and the “the field” more broadly. Through greater understanding of CYCPfC, who provide insights, cautions, and learnings from their unique perspectives, this study advances our knowledge regarding what is done when doing CYC. Moreover, Tuning into CYC broadens existing frames of qualitative inquiry through explicating and demonstrating the theoretical and practical elements of audio drama inquiry. / Graduate

The social work profession, which traditionally relied on face-to-face interactions with clients, has been increasingly using digital communication. Though research has directed its attention to this phenomenon in a post Covid-19 era, very little data is available from professionals’ perspectives, particularly those working with children and families. Thus, this study aimed to explore how social workers from the Swedish Child Welfare Services have adapted to the new era of digital communication with children and youth placed in out-of-home care. We interviewed four social workers working in three different municipalities. A thematic analysis was used to interpret the results through the lens of Goffman’s interaction order theory. The findings show that digital communication has become part of the social workers’ daily routine. However, its application has both opportunities and challenges, and the participants’ responses indicate that a hybrid and reflective practice tailored to the children’s individual needs would be beneficial.