published_or_final_version / Chinese / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

第1-2册. 國風之部 -- 第3册. 小雅之部 -- 第4册. 大雅之部 -- 第5册. 論文之部 / Di 1-2 ce. Guo feng zhi bu -- Di 3 ce. Xiao ya zhi bu -- Di 4 ce. Da ya zhi bu -- Di 5 ce. Lun wen zhi bu. / Thesis (M.A.)--香港中文大學. / Thesis (M.A.)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue. / Chapter 甲 --- 詩樂原始 --- p.1-89 / Chapter （一） --- 詩歌舞一體 --- p.1 / Chapter （二） --- 詩歌舞與於巫者 --- p.10 / Chapter （三） --- 詩經篇章 --- p.17 / Chapter （四） --- 詩三百五篇皆可弦歌入樂 --- p.22-70 / Chapter A --- 主詩三百篇皆協樂者 --- p.23-58 / Chapter 1 --- 墨子 --- p.23 / Chapter 2 --- 司馬遷 --- p.24 / Chapter 3 --- 班固 --- p.31 / Chapter 4 --- 鄭樵 --- p.33 / Chapter 5 --- 朱熹 --- p.36 / Chapter 6 --- 方友石 --- p.36 / Chapter 7 --- 范家相 --- p.37 / Chapter 8 --- 陳啟源 --- p.43 / Chapter 9 --- 顧鎮虞　 --- p.44 / Chapter 10 --- 馬端辰 --- p.45 / Chapter 11 --- 梁啟超 --- p.53 / Chapter 12 --- 顧頡剛 --- p.53 / Chapter 13 --- 胡樸安 --- p.56 / Chapter 14 --- 屈萬里 --- p.57 / Chapter 15 --- 陳槃 --- p.58 / Chapter 16 --- 黃勗吾 --- p.58 / Chapter B --- 主詩三百非皆協樂者 --- p.58-70 / Chapter 1 --- 程大昌 --- p.58 / Chapter 2 --- 顧炎武 --- p.59 / Chapter 3 --- 魏源 --- p.62 / Chapter 4 --- 章太炎 --- p.68 / Chapter 5 --- 羅倬漢 --- p.68 / Chapter （五） --- 詩經協樂本證 --- p.71-89 / Chapter 1 --- 重疊 --- p.71 / Chapter 2 --- 和聲 --- p.76 / Chapter 3 --- 襯字 --- p.80 / Chapter 4 --- 倡和 --- p.83 / Chapter 5 --- 套句 --- p.84 / Chapter 6 --- 複詞 --- p.86 / Chapter 乙 --- 詩經節奏 --- p.90-107 / Chapter （一） --- 節奏為原始音樂之基礎 --- p.90 / Chapter （二） --- 儒家對音樂之傳統觀念 --- p.98-106 / Chapter 1 --- 樂為禮之本 --- p.98 / Chapter 2 --- 樂以載道 --- p.99 / Chapter 3 --- 樂節與節樂 --- p.102 / Chapter 4 --- 審樂知政　 --- p.105 / Chapter 5 --- 樂何以觀 --- p.106 / Chapter （三） --- 詩經之音樂節奏　 --- p.108-145 / Chapter 1 --- 雅頌正音 --- p.108 / Chapter 2 --- 鄭衛之音 --- p.131 / Chapter （四） --- 樂詩奏誦 --- p.146-165 / Chapter 1 --- 官調 --- p.146 / Chapter 2 --- 秦誦法 --- p.155 / Chapter 丙 --- 詩經格律　 --- p.166-225 / Chapter （一） --- 節奏 --- p.166 / Chapter （二） --- 調質 --- p.171-225 / Chapter A --- 平仄 --- p.172 / Chapter B --- 雙聲 --- p.205 / Chapter C --- 疊韵 --- p.220 / Chapter 丁 --- 總論 --- p.226-239 / 引用書目　　 --- p.1-14

甄沃奇. / "2011年9月". / "2011 nian 9 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leave 111-116) / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Zhen Woqi. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 研究緣起 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 研究方法 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- 資料來源 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章 --- 粤語古全清次清字今讀的計量分析 --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- 前人關於粤語古全清次清字聲母混讀現象研究述評 --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- 現代漢語方言古全清次清字聲母混讀統計 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- 粤語古全清次清字聲母混讀統計 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三章 --- 粤語古全清次清聲母混讀現象的性質 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.1 --- 粤語古全清次清字聲母混讀現象與漢語侗台語的接觸 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.2 --- 粤語古全清次清混讀現象與原始侗台語清塞音塞擦音聲母 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.3 --- 粤語古全清次清聲母混讀現象的形成 --- p.63 / Chapter 3.4 --- 粤語古全清次清聲母混讀現象的演變 --- p.89 / Chapter 第四章 --- 語言縱向演變中的橫向接觸 --- p.99 / Chapter 4.1 --- 從粤語古全清次清聲母混讀現象看語言縱向演變中的橫向接觸 --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2 --- 語言縱向演變中的橫向語言接觸理論模型的建構 --- p.100 / Chapter 第五章 --- 總結 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.1 --- 各章回顧 --- p.106 / Chapter 5.2 --- 語言縱向歷時演變與橫向語言接觸相互交錯的研究視角 --- p.109 / Chapter 5.3 --- 本研究的局限 --- p.110 / 參考書目 --- p.111

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

蕭振豪. / "2010年8月". / "2010 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-89). / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Xiao Zhenhao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 華嚴字母簡介 / Chapter 第一節 --- 字門與華嚴字母 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「《禪門日誦》系」考:華嚴字母韻表版本考(上) --- p.13 / Chapter 第三節 --- 華嚴字母韻表創作年代補說:華嚴字母韻表版本考(下) --- p.15 / Chapter 第三章 --- 華嚴字母韻表與明清小學 / Chapter 第一節 --- 華嚴字母與十二攝排序 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二節 --- 韻表的作成 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四章 --- 華嚴字母所載符號與明清小學 --- p.36 / Chapter 第五章 --- 華嚴字母與音素 / Chapter 第一節 --- 二合與三合輔音及其相關問題 --- p.45 / Chapter 第二節 --- 普世的音系 --- p.46 / Chapter 第三節 --- 劉獻廷與華嚴字母? --- p.48 / Chapter 第六章 --- 華嚴字母與明清聲韻概念 / Chapter 第一節 --- 華嚴字母與古音關係的誤解 --- p.58 / Chapter 第二節 --- 華嚴字母與字母數 --- p.62 / Chapter 第七章 --- 清廷與華嚴字母´ؤ兼論戴震〈聲韻考〉 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清廷與華嚴字母 --- p.72 / Chapter 第二節 --- 四庫館臣對華嚴字母的評價 --- p.74 / Chapter 第三節 --- 紀昀與戴震〈聲韻考〉 --- p.77 / Chapter 第八章 --- 總結與展望 / Chapter 第一節 --- 從五十音排序檢討四十二字門 --- p.82 / Chapter 第二節 --- 小結與研究展望 --- p.84 / 參考書目 --- p.86 / 附錄一四十二字門對音比較 --- p.90 / 附錄二〈禪門日誦〉系書版本一覽 --- p.104 / 附錄三內地、台灣所藏單行本「八十華嚴」善本書目 --- p.108 / 附錄四華嚴字母韻表小韻字比較 --- p.111

嚴至誠. / "2006年8月" / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 260-265). / "2006 nian 8 yue" / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Yan Zhicheng. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 260-265). / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二章 --- 宋元二代語文雜叢簡介 --- p.3 / Chapter 第一節 --- 宋本與元本《玉篇》及二本所附語文雜叢 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二節 --- 宋本《廣韻》及所附語文雜叢 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三節 --- 《韻鏡》及所附《韻鑑序例》 --- p.13 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《七音略》及所附語文雜叢 --- p.23 / Chapter 第五節 --- 《切韻指掌圖》及宋紹定本所附語文雜叢 --- p.26 / Chapter 第六節 --- 《四聲等子》及所附語文雜叢 --- p.36 / Chapter 第七節 --- 《盧宗邁切韻法》 --- p.43 / Chapter 第八節 --- 《經史正音切韻指南》及所附語文雜叢 --- p.45 / Chapter 第三章 --- 雙聲疊韻資料 --- p.49 / Chapter 第一節 --- 〈雙聲疊韻法〉 --- p.49 / Chapter 第二節 --- 〈雙聲疊韻例 > 及〈辨雙聲切字例〉、〈辨疊韻切字例〉 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 聲調資料 --- p.56 / Chapter 第一節 --- 調四聲法 --- p.56 / Chapter 第二節 --- 濁上變去 --- p.64 / Chapter 第五章 --- 字母資料 --- p.68 / Chapter 第一節 --- 五音 --- p.68 / Chapter 第二節 --- 三十六字母 --- p.79 / Chapter 第三節 --- 淸濁及送氣不送氣 --- p.86 / Chapter 第四節 --- 字母等第 --- p.91 / Chapter 第五節 --- 字母合流 --- p.94 / Chapter 第六章 --- 助紐字資料 --- p.98 / Chapter 第一節 --- 助紐字之性質 --- p.98 / Chapter 第二節 --- 〈切字要法〉考 --- p.101 / Chapter 第三節 --- 〈三十六字母切韻法〉與〈切三十六字母法〉考 --- p.109 / Chapter 第四節 --- 諸本助紐字考辨並〈切字要法〉「四字無文」解 --- p.117 / Chapter 第七章 --- 歸字法資料 --- p.125 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「歸字」探源 --- p.125 / Chapter 第二節 --- 諸本所載歸字法考辨 --- p.127 / Chapter 第八章 --- 門法資料 --- p.138 / Chapter 第一節 --- 門法之性質及其產生之背景 --- p.138 / Chapter 第二節 --- 門法之範圍 --- p.140 / Chapter 第三節 --- 前人對門法之誤解 --- p.144 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《切韻指掌圖》《檢例》並其與《四聲等子》門法資料之關係 --- p.147 / Chapter 第五節 --- 《切韻指掌圖》、《四聲等子》與《門法玉鑰匙》門法資料考 --- p.150 / Chapter 第六節 --- 《總括玉鑰匙玄關歌訣》門法考 --- p.189 / Chapter 第七節 --- 附論：黑水城抄本《解釋歌義》簡介及相關問題考辨 --- p.202 / Chapter (甲） --- 《解釋歌義》之作者及成書問題 --- p.202 / Chapter (乙） --- 《解釋歌義》之內容 --- p.208 / Chapter 第九章 --- 綜合性及其他資料 --- p.219 / Chapter 第一節 --- 〈四聲五音九弄反紐圖〉 --- p.219 / Chapter 第二節 --- 〈辯四聲輕淸重濁法〉及〈辨四聲輕淸重濁總例> --- p.227 / Chapter 第三節 --- 〈列圍〉 --- p.238 / Chapter 第四節 --- 〈檢韻十六攝〉、〈入聲九攝〉、〈叶聲韻〉 --- p.238 / Chapter 第五節 --- 〈辯十四聲例法〉及〈辨十四聲法〉 --- p.241 / Chapter 第十章 --- 總結 --- p.256 / 主要參考資料 --- p.260

Thesis. 1980. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES. / Bibliography: leaves 361-372. / by Moira Jean Winsland Yip. / Ph.D.

This thesis studies the role of contrast distinctiveness in sound changes. Perceptual experiments are conducted to investigate the distinctiveness between Mandarin sibilants (dental s ts ts{02B0}, palatal {0255} t{0255} t{0255}{02B0}, and retroflex {0282} t{0282} t{0282}{02B0}). The experiment results are then adopted to account for the diachronic developments of Mandarin sibilants and the apical vowels {027F}, {0285} (syllabic approximants homorganic to the preceding dental/retroflex sibilants). / In Mandarin CV syllables, the apical vowels {027F}, {0285} are in complementary distribution with the vowel i: {027F} follows the dental s ts ts{02B0}; {0285} follows the retroflex {0282} t{0282} t{0282}{02B0}h (and the approximant {0279}); i follows the palatal {0255} t{0255} t{0255}{02B0} and other consonants. As reconstructed in previous studies, this distribution was developed from a series of sound changes since Middle Chinese (MC, circa the 7th century), when MC had dental, palatal, and retroflex sibilants but no apical vowels. Part of MC syllables, whose onsets were these sibilants, merged their rimes into -i. In these syllables, MC palatals merged into MC retroflexes, while the rimes -i developed into / after the dental/retroflex sibilants. In a later stage, palatal sibilants re-emerged before the vowel i in the palatalization of dental sibilants and velar obstruents. Through these developments came Mandarin 'sibilant+i/{027F}/{0285}' syllables. In these changes, a diachronic pattern can be observed, i.e. the avoidance of contrastive dental vs. palatal sibilants before the vowel i. This thesis argues that, this pattern can be attributed to the tendency for human languages to enhance contrast distinctiveness, in addition to the articulatory accounts given in previous studies. / Conducting two experiments, this thesis examines the perceptual distinctiveness between Mandarin sibilants, in isolation and in CV sequences. The results generally support the claim that apical {027F} and {0285} enhance the distinctiveness between the sibilants. Applying these results to the diachronic sound changes, this thesis argues that speech perception has interacted with articulation to ensure contrast distinctiveness of the sound system. / This thesis provides experimental evidence for sibilant distinction, and supplies a case study on diachronic sound changes, where speech perception and articulation interacted to achieve contrast distinctiveness. / 本文通過對普通話音[si字形為: '口'在左, '絲'在右] (齒音 s ts ts{02B0}、齶音{0255} t{0255} t{0255}{02B0}和捲舌音 {0282} t{0282} t{0282}{02B0})的聽覺實驗研究，探討對比清晰性 (contrast distinctiveness)在歷時語音變化中的作用，用聽覺實驗的結果來解釋普通話[si字形為: '口'在左, '絲'在右]音和舌尖元音 {027F}, {0285} (注:與齒音、捲舌音同部位的元音 )的歷史發展。 / 在普通話 CV音節中，舌尖元音 {027F}, {0285} 和前高元音 i呈現互補分佈：舌尖元音{027F}出現在齒音 s ts ts{02B0}後面，舌尖元音{0285} 出現在捲舌音{0282} t{0282} t{0282}{02B0} (以及捲舌通音 {0279})後面，前高元音 i出現在齶音 {0255} t{0255} t{0255}{02B0}和其他輔音後面。根據以往的漢語歷史音韻研究，這個互補分佈是從漢語中古音 (Middle Chinese)經歷一系列語音變化發展而來。部分以中古音的齒音、齶音、捲舌音為首音(onset)的音節中，原本不同的韻 (rime)合併為 -i，並最終發展為普通話中的"[si字形為: '口'在左, '絲'在右]音 +i{027F}/{0285}音節。從中古音開始，這些音節中，齶音併入捲舌音，同時一部分齒音和捲舌音後面的 -i韻音變為舌尖元音。在接下來的發展階段中，軟齶阻塞音 (velar obstruents)和齒音都在元音 -i的前面齶化爲 {0255} t{0255} t{0255}{02B0}。在這些歷時音變中，有一個的規律的模式，即：在元音-i之前，齒音與齶音不形成對立。本文認爲，除去前人研究中的語音發音作用之外，這個發展模式也是由語音系統傾向於清晰對立的趨勢造成的。 / 通過聽覺實驗，本文研究了普通話[si字形為: '口'在左, '絲'在右]音(單獨音段和 CV音節)之間的聽覺對比清晰度。實驗結果總體上支持舌尖元音加強了普通話音間的對比清晰度的觀點，並發現不同類型的音之間顯示出不同的對比清晰程度。本文將這些實驗結果應用於歷時音變的分析，認爲聽覺感知和言語發音相互作用，保證了歷時音變中語音系統的對比清晰性。 / 本文希望能夠為對比清晰度的研究提供聽覺實驗依據，並為對比清晰性在歷時音變中的作用和聽覺與發音的交互提供一個個案研究。 / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Li, Mingxing. / "Dec., 2011." / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-120). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendixes includes Chinese. / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Mandarin sibilants and apical vowels --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- The reconstructed historical development --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- The role of contrast distinctiveness in sound change --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- The contents of this thesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2 --- Previous studies on Mandarin sibilants and apical vowels --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1 --- The phonetics of sibilants and apical vowels --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Sibilants --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1.1 --- Articulation --- p.7 / Chapter 2.1.1.2 --- Acoustic properties --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Apical vowels --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2.1 --- Articulation --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2.2 --- Acoustic properties --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.2.3 --- The phonetic status of apical {027F}/{0285} --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2 --- The phonology of apical vowels --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Apical {027F},{0285} as underspecified and derived --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Apical {027F} {0285} as a phoneme different from the vowel i --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Apical {027F}, {0285} and the vowel i as in one phoneme --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Sibilants and apicals: The reconstructed diachrony --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- The historical development: An overview --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- The sibilants in Middle Chinese --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- The MC syllables developing into Mandarin 'sibilant+{027F}/i/{0285}' --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- The rime merge into -i --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1.4 --- The three sound changes --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Palatal Retroflexion --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Apical vowel formation --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- The formation of apical vowels --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Apical vowels as place assimilation --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Apical vowels as loss of rime -i --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Dental and velar palatalization --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Velarpalatalization as articulatory assimilation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Dental palatalization as articulatory assimilation --- p.27 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- A summary of the sound changes --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4 --- A summary --- p.29 / Chapter 3 --- Contrast distinctiveness in sound changes --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- Thediachronic pattern from MC to Mandarin --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Thedisfavor on dental vs. palatal sibilants --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Typologyofdentalvs.palatalsibilantsamong Chinesedialects --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Distinctiveness of contrast between Mandarin sibilants --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Dental vs. palatal sibilants: Distinctiveness of contrast --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Distinctiveness of contrast in phonology --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Distinctiveness between segments --- p.35 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Distinctiveness in phonotactics --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Distinctiveness in phonological alternation --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Distinctiveness between Mandarin sibilants --- p.37 / Chapter 3.3 --- Contrast distinctiveness in the diachrony: The hypotheses --- p.38 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Palatal Retroflexion --- p.39 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Contrast distinctiveness in apical vowel formation --- p.40 / Chapter 3.3.2.1 --- Apical vowels conditioned by contrast --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3.2.2 --- Dentals vs. retroflexes: Distinctiveness before the vowel i --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3.2.3 --- Contrastive dentalsvs. retroflexes before the vowel i --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2.4 --- More on place assimilation --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Contrast distinctiveness in dental palatalization --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- Contrast distinctiveness in Dental Palatalization --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Distinctiveness vs. assimilatory palatalization --- p.48 / Chapter 3.3.3.3 --- Implicational relation and dental/palatal distinctiveness --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- A summary --- p.50 / Chapter 4 --- Distinctiveness between sibilants: The perceptual experiments --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1 --- Distinctiveness between sounds: Previous experiments --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Previous studies on consonant distinctiveness --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Perceptuality of Mandarin sibilants --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Experiment I: Distinctiveness between sibilants --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Objective --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Method --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Stimuli --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Subjects --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.2.3 --- Procedure --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Results --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- The effect of stimuli order --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- Distinctiveness between sibilants --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experiment II: Distinctiveness between 'sibilant+i' sequences --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Objective --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Method --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Stimuli --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Subjects --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.2.3 --- Procedure --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- The results --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- The presentation order --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- ‘Sibilant+i' sequences --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- ‘Sibilant+i' pairs vs. isolated sibilant pairs --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.3.4 --- ‘Sibilant+{027F}/i/{0285}' sequences --- p.64 / Chapter 4.3.3.5 --- ‘Sibilant+i’ pairs vs. ‘sibilant+{027F}/i/{0285}’ pairs --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4 --- Summarizing the experimental results --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- The four hypotheses --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Distinctiveness between different types of stimuli --- p.67 / Chapter 5 --- Contrast distinctiveness and articulation in sound change --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1 --- Contrast distinctiveness in Mandarin diachrony --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Palatal Retroflexion --- p.68 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Apical Vowel Formation --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Apical {027F}/{0285} as induced by contrast distinctiveness --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Apical {027F}/{0285} as enhancement of dental retroflex contrast --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Dental palatalization --- p.70 / Chapter 5.2 --- Sound changes triggered by contrast distinctiveness --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Enhancement of distinctiveness through merge --- p.72 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Sacrifice of contrast to avoid less distinctiveness --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Vowel allophony for consonant distinctiveness --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3 --- The interaction of speech perception and articulation --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4 --- A summary --- p.76 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.77 / Chapter 6.1 --- A summary of the contents --- p.77 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations and directions of future research --- p.78 / Chapter Appendix I: --- Development of sibilants and apical vowels --- p.80 / Chapter Appendix II: --- Typology of apical vowels in 124 Chinese dialects: A summary --- p.81 / Chapter Appendix III: --- Typology of apical vowels in 124 Chinese dialects: Full list --- p.83 / Chapter Appendix IV: --- Waveforms and spectrograms of the stimuli --- p.95 / Chapter Appendix V: --- List of stimuli pairs in the record --- p.103 / Chapter Appendix VI: --- Marking sheet for the experiments --- p.104 / References --- p.110

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