Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-05-29T13:53:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-29T13:53:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Lidiane Maria da Silva.pdf: 11158526 bytes, checksum: 92a272f4f09e476cee2262d286c61963 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The thaminophilid passerines, just as other families of Passeriformes, can be parasitized by different species of coccidia, especially the genera Isospora Schneider, 1881 and Eimeria Schneider, 1875. In this context, this study aimed to identify, characterize and quantify coccidian species from Thamnophilidae in the Itatiaia National Park. Seven expeditions were performed at Itatiaia National Park, of which five were in conserved areas and two in areas around the park. A total of 184 species of birds were captured with mist nets, being 26 thaminophilid passerines. After fecal sampling and processing were observed coccidia of the genera Isospora and Eimeria. The species Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 was identified in two different hosts, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) and Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), and their oocysts were characterized as polymorphic, since the oocysts from P. leucoptera were more ellipsoidal and the oocysts from D. mentalis were more sub-spherical, which may be the result of speciation process/adaptation to these hosts. The intensities of infection in different hosts were relatively low, since that P. leucoptera and D. mentalis shed together an OoPD of 316 oocysts of I. parnaitatiaiensis, which can be explained by the conserved environment in the Itatiaia National Park and the insectivore feeding habit. Finally, the specificity occurred at the family level, because P. leucoptera and D. mentalis, both of Thamnophilidae family, have been reported as hosts of I. parnaitatiaiensis / Os taminofil?deos, da mesma forma que outras fam?lias de Passeriformes, podem ser parasitados por diversas esp?cies de cocc?dios, principalmente dos g?neros Isospora Schneider, 1881 e Eimeria Schneider, 1875. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar, caracterizar e quantificar esp?cies de cocc?dios parasitos de Thamnophilidae do PNI. Foram realizadas sete expedi??es no Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, das quais cinco foram em ?reas mais preservadas e duas em ?reas no entorno do parque, as aves foram capturadas com o auxilio de redes de neblina, ao todos foram capturados 184 esp?cimes de aves sendo 26 taminofil?deos, ap?s o processamento das amostras observou ser cocc?dios do g?nero Isospora e Eimeria. A esp?cie Isospora parnaitatiaiensis Silva, Rodrigues, Lopes, Berto, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2015 foi identificada em dois diferentes hospedeiros da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, Pyriglena leucoptera (Vieillot, 1818) e Dysithamnus mentalis (Temminck, 1823), sendo que seus oocistos foram caracterizados como polim?rficos, j? que os oocistos de P. leucoptera s?o mais elips?ides em rela??o aos oocistos de D. mentalis que tendem ao ser mais sub-esf?ricos, o que pode ser consequ?ncia do processo de especia??o/adapta??o ao hospedeiro. A intensidade de infec??o nos diferentes hospedeiros taminofil?deos positivos foram relativamente baixas, P. leucoptera e D. mentalis tiveram juntos um OoPD de 316 para os oocistos de I. parnaitatiaiensis, o que pode ser justificado pelo ambiente conservado do PNI e pelo h?bito alimentar inset?voro. Finalmente, a especificidade ocorreu em n?vel de fam?lia, pelo fato de P. leucoptera e D. mentalis, ambos da fam?lia Thamnophilidae, ter sido relatados como hospedeiros de I. parnaitatiaiensis

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T12:31:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Daniel Paiva Barros de Abreu.pdf: 1307092 bytes, checksum: b384d4db2cb316d3f640b111bc8efba4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / Dimorphic fungi belonging to Sporothrix schenckii complex are responsible for sporotrichosis, important fungal infection with worldwide distribution. The anthropozoonotic characteristic is of high relevance in the state of Rio de Janeiro, where an increasing in the number of cases in human patients was observed in the last decades, highlighting the role of domestic cat as a transmitter agent. The description of new species compounding de Sporothrix genus, based on phenotypic and genotypic evaluations, showed the involvement of other members of this group in the epidemic status installed in Rio de Janeiro. The verification of strains resistant to itraconazole, a widely used antifungal in human and animal medicine for the treatment of this mycosis, is an important factor that possibly results in relapse and therapeutic failure of this disease. The present study aimed to identify, by phenotypic and molecular approaches, 168 isolates obtained from the routine of Veterinary Clinical Microbiology Laboratory ? UFRRJ, and the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for amphotericin B (AMB), ketoconazole (KTC), itraconazole (ITC), terbinafine (TRB) and voriconazole (VRC). Based on morphophysiological characteristics it was possible to identify 159 (94.64%) isolates as S. brasiliensis and 9 (5.36%) as S. luriei. However, applying PCR-RFLP of calmodulin 168 (100%) samples were identified as S. brasilensis. The susceptibility test, based on M38-A2 document (CLSI), showed that TRB was the most effective antifungal tested, followed by ITC, KTC, AMB, and VRC, respectively. No ITC resistant isolates were detected in the present study. These results demonstrate that the identification reached only by phenotypic evaluation is not recommended for the characterization of Sporothrix schenckii complex components. It also proves the predominance of S. brasiliensis in other regions of RJ state. The better efficacy of TRB added to the absence of isolates resistant to ITC support the necessity of pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics studies for the optimization of the therapeutic protocols. More information about isolates from dogs and cats correlated with the species from the S. schenckii complex, as well as in vitro antifungal efficacy evaluation provide knowledge about therapeutic alternatives. In this way, the present study also provides relevant information about the endemic status in Rio de Janeiro and important data for the treatment of human and animal sporotrichosis. / Fungos dim?rficos pertencentes ao complexo Sporothrix schenckii s?o respons?veis pela esporotricose, importante infec??o f?ngica que apresenta distribui??o mundial. Sua conhecida caracter?stica antropozoon?tica apresenta grande relev?ncia no estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde se verifica aumento significativo no n?mero de pacientes humanos e animais acometidos pela doen?a nas ?ltimas d?cadas, destacando-se em tais casos o papel do felino como agente transmissor. A descri??o de novas esp?cies pertencentes ao g?nero Sporothrix, baseada em caracter?sticas fenot?picas e genot?picas, demonstrou o envolvimento de outros componentes deste g?nero na epidemia instalada no estado. A verifica??o de isolados resistentes a itraconazol, antif?ngico amplamente utilizado na medicina humana e veterin?ria para o tratamento da doen?a, ? fato preocupante e tem poss?vel associa??o a recidivas e falhas terap?uticas. O presente estudo objetiva a identifica??o fenot?pica e genot?pica de 168 exemplares oriundos de pacientes felinos e caninos, obtidos na rotina do Diagn?stico Microbiol?gico Veterin?rio - UFRRJ, com determina??o da Concentra??o Inibit?ria M?nima (CIM) frente ? anfotericina B (AMB), cetoconazol (KTC), itraconazol (ITC), terbinafina (TRB) e voriconazol (VRC). A partir de caracter?sticas morfofisiol?gicas foi poss?vel identificar 159 (94,64%) isolados como S. brasiliensis e 9 (5,36%) como S. luriei. Contudo, metodologias moleculares identificaram 168 (100%) S. brasiliensis, a partir de PCR-RFLP em gene respons?vel pela s?ntese de calmodulina. O teste de sensibilidade, realizado a partir do documento M38-A2 (CLSI) determinou maior efic?cia in vitro para TRB, seguido por ITC, KTC, AMB e VRC, respectivamente. Cepas resistentes a ITC n?o foram detectadas no presente estudo. Tais resultados demonstram que a identifica??o alcan?ada exclusivamente por m?todos fenot?picos n?o ? recomendada para caracteriza??o de componentes do complexo Sporothrix schenckii. Comprova-se ainda a predomin?ncia de S. brasiliensis em outras regi?es do estado do RJ. A maior efic?cia de TRB, somada a aus?ncia de exemplares resistentes a ITC, refor?a a necessidade de estudos farmacodin?micos e farmacocin?ticos para otimiza??o dos protocolos terap?uticos atualmente utilizados. Obten??o de maiores informa??es acerca dos isolados provenientes de amostras provenientes de c?es e gatos correlacionados a esp?cies dentro do complexo S. schenckii, bem como a avalia??o da efic?cia in vitro de antif?ngicos proporcionam conhecimento sobre alternativas terap?uticas. Tais informa??es auxiliam no entendimento do quadro instalado no estado do Rio de Janeiro e fornece dados de grande utilidade para o tratamento humano e veterin?rio

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T13:08:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Glenda Ribeiro de Oliveira.pdf: 12901294 bytes, checksum: 80c7709c3b1f78480862304148029e9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / Four outbreaks of a neurological disease affecting dairy cattle which consumed malted barley waste contaminated with Aspergillus clavatus in the municipalities of Valen?a, Paty do Alferes, and Barra Mansa, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, are described. In all farms, stored malted barley waste exhibited visible fungal contamination and only the animals that ingested the by-product got sick. Animals exhibited muscle tremors, hyperesthesia, ataxia, progressive paresis and paralysis, and marked weight loss. Affected animals were walking with knuckling of hindlimb fetlocks, and some would assume a sitting-dog position. When forced to move around, falls were frequent. There was marked decrease in milk production, even though appetite and thirst remained normal up to the moment of death or euthanasia. Clinical evolution varied from 1 to 16 days. From the animals that recovered, four remained with mild locomotor system sequelae. Morbidity varied between 41.42% and 73.08%, mortality between 33.33% and 69.23%, and lethality between 51.11% and 94.73%. Macroscopic alterations included focal pale areas on the myocardium, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, adductor, pectineus, and Longissimus dorsi muscles. Histopathology was characterized by degenerative-necrotic alterations, tumefaction, vacuolation, and chromatolysis of neurons of cerebellar peduncle nuclei, base of the brain, medulla oblongata, and grey matter of the medulla (the H shape). At histology, muscular lesions were characterized by degeneration and coagulative necrosis, at times with incipient mineralization. In one of the bovines, there was also coagulative necrosis of the myocardium , and presumably, myoglobinuric nephrosis. Fungal culture of samples of malted brewer waste resulted in isolation and identification of A. clavatus. The clinical pathological picture was reproduced experimentally in sheep which consumed 40g/kg of malted brewer waste per day, which was collected from the two investigated farms; these animals developed clinical signs and microscopic lesions similar to those observed in bovines. We conclude that even though brewery by-products have a reasonable cost/benefit ratio for bovine feeding, there is a need to observe steps to avoid eventual poisoning and consequent economical losses / Descrevem-se quatro surtos de uma doen?a neurol?gica que afetou bovinos de aptid?o leiteira que consumiam ?cevada? (baga?o de malte) contaminada por Aspergillus clavatus nos munic?pios de Valen?a, Paty do Alferes e Barra Mansa, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Em todas as propriedades, a cevada estocada apresentou vis?vel contamina??o f?ngica e somente os animais que ingeriram o subproduto adoeceram. A morbidade variou entre 41,42% e 73,08%, a mortalidade entre 33,33% e 69,23% e a letalidade entre 51,11% e 94,73%. Os animais evidenciaram tremores musculares, hiperestesia, ataxia, paresia e paralisia progressivas e marcada perda de peso. Os mais afetados caminhavam com apoio sobre os boletos flexionados e alguns assumiam a posi??o de "c?o sentado". Quando os animais eram for?ados a movimentarem-se, as quedas eram frequentes. Houve acentuada queda na produ??o leiteira, embora o apetite e a dipsia tenham se mantido normais at? pr?ximo ? morte ou ? eutan?sia. A evolu??o cl?nica variou de 1 a 16 dias. Dos animais que se recuperaram, quatro permaneceram com sequelas locomotoras leves. As altera??es macrosc?picas inclu?ram ?reas p?lidas focais na musculatura card?aca, m?sculos semitend?neo, semimembran?ceo, adutor, pect?neo e Longissimus dorsi. O quadro histopatol?gico caracterizou-se por altera??es degenerativo-necr?ticas, tumefa??o, vacuoliza??o e cromat?lise nos neur?nios dos n?cleos dos ped?nculos cerebelares, da base do c?rebro, da medula oblonga e do ?H? medular. Histologicamente, as les?es musculares caracterizaram-se por degenera??o e necrose coagulativa, com mineraliza??o, por vezes, incipiente. Em um bovino havia, adicionalmente, necrose coagulativa no mioc?rdio e nefrose mioglobin?rica. O cultivo micol?gico das amostras de cevada resultou no isolamento e identifica??o do fungo A. clavatus. O quadro cl?nico patol?gico foi reproduzido experimentalmente em ovinos que consumiram 40g/kg de cevada por dia, coletada de duas das propriedades investigadas; esses animais desenvolveram sinais cl?nicos e les?es microsc?picas, em grande parte, similares ?s observadas nos bovinos. Conclui-se que embora os res?duos da ind?stria cervejeira tenham razo?vel rela??o custo-benef?cio na alimenta??o de bovinos, ? necess?rio que se observem alguns cuidados para evitar eventuais intoxica??es e consequentes preju?zos econ?micos.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-31T16:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Tiago Abrah?o Pereira Nunes.pdf: 1105331 bytes, checksum: 0181da3c6f09beb15f83949f7e054ee8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of epidermal dehydration on the parasiticide effective of fipronil 10% ?spot on? in dogs artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis felis. For this, 24 Beagles were used, divided into four groups of six dogs each. The dogs on the control groups were not treated, while the dogs on the treated group I e II and III were treated with the formulation of 10% fipronil ??spot on??. The dogs on treated group I were submitted to weekly baths with neutral glycerin soap. The dogs on treated group II were submitted to 21 consecutive and daily baths with benzoyl peroxide 2,5% shampoo. Dogs treated group III were submitted to the same baths made in treated group II, however, undergo biweekly applications of lipid formulation (containing ceramides, cholesterol and fatty acids), until the end of the study. The dogs in the control group, treated group I, treated group II and treated group III were infested with 50 pairs of C. felis felis. Infestations were performed on days -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47, +54 and, on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, fleas were mechanical removed and counted for evaluation. Pulicide efficacy for treated group I on days +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 and +56, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 76.25% and 72,47%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group II, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97.35%; 92.86%; 82.85% and 71.21%. The pulicide efficacy for the treated group III, evaluated on the same days, were respectively 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99.49%; 28.23% and 27.53%. The comparative statistical analysis between the averages of live fleas, between the control and treated groups I and between the control group and treated II showed that there was a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days, after treatment. In the comparison between the control group and treated III, showed a significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges until day 42. No more having significant difference (p?0,05) in the experimental day +49 and +56. Statistical analysis between the treated groups I and II and treated II and III showed that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) for the challenges in all experimental days. The analysis of the treaty I and III, determined that there was no significant difference (p?0,05) until day 49, a significant difference (p?0,05) on day +56. Fipronil was effective in eliminating fleas on dogs until the day + 56 with no more residual protective effect when the animals were reinfested. The induced of epidermal dehydration, does not determined changes on the efficacy or decreased the residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs subjected to exposure of populations of C. felis felis,, through weekly infestations. This fact was confirmed since the lipid formulation of applications, were not able, in turn, to determine more effective and prolonged residual effect of fipronil when used in dogs undergoing exposure populations of C. felis felis on weekly infestation. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influ?ncia da desidrata??o epid?rmica sobre a efic?cia pulguicida do fipronil empregado por via t?pica em c?es. Foram utilizados 24 c?es da ra?a Beagle, compondo seis animais por grupo. Os c?es foram divididos em quatro grupos. Os c?es do grupo controle n?o receberam tratamento, enquanto que os c?es dos grupos tratados I, II e III receberam tratamento com formula??o de fipronil 10% ??spot on??. Os c?es do grupo tratado I foram submetidos a banhos semanais com sabonete de glicerina neutro. Os c?es do grupo tratado II foram submetidos a 21 dias de banhos consecutivos e di?rios com shampoo contendo per?xido de benzo?la 2,5%. Os c?es do grupo tratado III foram submetidos ao mesmo regime de banhos do grupo tratado II, por?m, nesses c?es, somou-se aos banhos, aplica??es quinzenais de formula??o lip?dica (contendo ceramidas, colesterol e ?cidos graxos), at? o t?rmino do estudo. Os c?es dos grupos controle, tratado I, tratado II e tratado III foram infestados com 50 casais de C. felis felis. As infesta??es foram realizadas nos dias, -2, +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, +40, +47 e +54 e, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, realizou-se a retirada mec?nica e contagem de pulgas para avalia??o. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado I, nos dias +2, +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, +42, +49 e +56, foram, respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%, 100%; 76,25% e 72,47%. As efic?cias pulguicidas, para o grupo tratado II, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 97,35%; 92,86%; 82,85% e 71,21%. As efic?cias pulguicidas para o grupo tratado III, avaliadas nos mesmos dias, foram respectivamente: 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 100%; 99,49% e 28,23% e 27,53%. A an?lise estat?stica comparativa entre as m?dias de pulgas vivas, entre os grupos controle e tratado I e entre o grupo controle e tratado II, demonstrou que ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais, ap?s o tratamento. J? na compara??o entre o grupo controle e tratado III, evidenciou-se diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios at? o dia +42. N?o mais havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia experimental +49 e +56. A an?lise estat?stica entre os grupos tratados I e II e tratado II e III demonstrou que n?o ocorreu diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) para os desafios em todos os dias experimentais. J? a an?lise entre o tratado I e III, determinou que n?o houve diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) at? o dia +49, havendo diferen?a significativa (p?0,05) no dia +56. O estudo foi encerrado no dia +56 j? que a efic?cia do fipronil nos grupos tratados I, II e III n?o apresentou mais efeito residual de prote??o quando os animais foram reinfestados. A desidrata??o epid?rmica induzida n?o determinou altera??o na efic?cia ou diminui??o do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis,, atrav?s de infesta??es semanais. Fato esse corroborado uma vez que, as aplica??es de formula??o lip?dica, n?o foram capazes, por sua vez, de determinar maior efic?cia ou prolongamento do efeito residual do fipronil quando empregados em c?es submetidos ? exposi??o de popula??es de C. felis felis., atrav?s de infesta??es semanais

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T15:16:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Poliana de Araujo Oliveira.pdf: 1134800 bytes, checksum: 79b02bbcfb332c5fbb799d7840ccc773 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Drugs currently used in pain and inflammation are responsible for a large number of adverse effects, due to chronic use, producing in the patients a decrease of symptoms, but not an overall improvement in quality of life, therefore it is of extreme importance to search for new drugs. Piperine is the main active compound of black pepper (Piper nigrum), known in Brazil as black pepper, popularly used by several beneficial effects. Studies in vitro and in vivo show that piperine has functional involvement in antidepressant, hepatoprotective, anti-metastatic antiparasitic, antithyroid, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. To improve the selectivity and potency, molecular changes were made in the piperine, obtaining the piperic acid. The objective of this study was to evaluate, through of models of acute and chronic pain, and inflammation; a potential nociceptive and anti-inflammatory compound. In the model of writhing induced by acetic acid was observed a percentage inhibition of writhes of 77,9% compared to the control, in the highest dose tested (10mg / kg). In the formalin test, the compound inhibited both phases of the test, wich the dose of 10mg/kg The inhibitory effect was 30% in stage 1 and stage 2 at 67%. The increase in the latency time in tail flick test had an earlier action compared to morphine and the piperic acid increased the latency time in 58% in 80min time in relation to baseline. We investigated the possible pathways involved in the mechanism of action of the compound by prior administration of antagonists in the tail flick test. We found that the muscarinic antagonist, atropine, was able to completely inhibit the effect of the compound, demonstrating the involvement of the cholinergic pathway in the mechanism of action. The opioid and nitrergic pathways and the potassium channel ATPdependent are not involved in the mechanism of action, since these antagonists do not inhibit the effect of the compound. The compound was able to inhibit capsaicin-induced nociception, capsaicina is agonist TRPV1, in 45,34% demonstrating the involvement of TRPV1. The von Frey test evaluate allodynia after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve. In this test, the compound did not show antinociceptive activity with the doses tested. The open field test was used to determine the influence of the compound on the animal's mobility, and we observe that the action of the compound did not interfere on animal's motor performance. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated in models of inflammation induced by carrageenan. In the paw oedema test, the compound significantly reduced the oedema at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg. In the air pouch test, we found that the leukocyte migration was reduced, as well as the production of TNF-? and IL-1?. The piperic acid was shown to be selective for COX-1 in the assessment of enzymatic activity of COX-1 and COX-2. We suggest that the effects of piperine can be mediated primarily through the portion of the molecule related to piperic acid / Os f?rmacos atualmente utilizados em dor e inflama??o s?o respons?veis por um grande n?mero de efeitos adversos, e devido ao uso cr?nico, fazem com que o paciente tenha uma diminui??o dos sintomas, mas n?o uma total melhoria da qualidade de vida, sendo assim ? de extrema import?ncia a busca por novos f?rmacos. A piperina ? o principal composto ativo da pimenta preta (Piper nigrum), mais conhecida no Brasil como pimenta do reino, popularmente utilizada por diversos efeitos ben?ficos. Estudos in vitro e in vivo demonstram que a piperina tem envolvimento funcional como antidepressivo, hepatoprotetor, antiparasit?rio antimetast?tico, antitiroidiano, imunomodulador, anti-inflamat?rio e analg?sico. A fim de produzir melhora em sua seletividade e pot?ncia, altera??es moleculares foram realizadas na piperina, obtendo-se ent?o o ?cido pip?rico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, atrav?s da execu??o de modelos experimentais de dor aguda, cr?nica e inflama??o, o potencial farmacol?gico antinociceptivo e anti-inflamat?rio do composto. No modelo de contor??es abdominais induzidas por ?cido ac?tico foi verificada um percentual de inibi??o das contor??es de 77,9% comparado ao controle, na maior dose testada (10mg/kg). No modelo da formalina o composto inibiu ambas as fases do modelo, com a dose de 10mg/kg o efeito inibit?rio chegou a 30% na 1? fase e 67% na 2? fase. O aumento do tempo de lat?ncia no modelo de retirada de cauda com o composto foi alcan?ado mais precocemente do que a morfina, o ACP aumentou o tempo de lat?ncia em 58% no tempo de 80 min comparado a linha de base na maior dose testada. Investigamos as poss?veis vias envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o do composto atrav?s da administra??o pr?via de antagonistas, no modelo de retirada de cauda. Verificamos que o antagonista de receptores muscar?nicos, atropina, foi capaz de inibir completamente o efeito do composto, demonstrando a participa??o da via colin?rgica no mecanismo de a??o. As vias opioide, nitr?rgica e o canal de pot?ssio dependente de ATP parecem n?o estar envolvidas no mecanismo de a??o, visto que os antagonistas destas vias n?o inibiram o efeito do composto. O composto inibiu a nocicep??o induzida pela capsaicina, que ? agonista de receptores TRPV1 em 45,34%, demonstrando envolvimento de TRPV1. No modelo de Von Frey avaliamos a alodinia ap?s a constri??o cr?nica do nervo ci?tico. Neste modelo, o composto n?o demonstrou atividade antinociceptiva nas doses testadas. O modelo de campo aberto foi usado para verificar a influ?ncia do composto sobre a mobilidade do animal, e observamos que o mesmo n?o interfere no desempenho motor do animal. A atividade anti-inflamat?ria foi avaliada em modelos de inflama??o induzido por carragenina. No modelo de edema de pata, o composto reduziu o edema em 75% na dose de 10mg/kg. No modelo da bolsa de ar subcut?nea verificamos que a migra??o leucocit?ria foi reduzida assim como a produ??o de TNF-? e IL-1?. O ?cido pip?rico demonstrou ser seletivo para COX-1, na avalia??o da atividade enzim?tica de COX-1 e COX-2. Podemos sugerir que os efeitos da piperina podem ser mediados atrav?s da por??o da mol?cula referente ao ?cido pip?rico.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-27T18:03:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Fabiano Paschoal de Oliveira.pdf: 3969824 bytes, checksum: 01879ccf451104bee02c819243b351cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-06 / CAPES / Between the period from march 2013 to november 2016 were collected and analyzed 195 specimens of hosts belonging to 25 species of actinopterygian fishes in Brazil, with the objective of perform a taxonomic study of your parasitic monogeneans and copepods. Two species of monogeneans, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 and S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 were described from two cichlids from the Araguar? River, State of Amap?, northern Brazil; in addition to the new species, new host and geographical records of six dactylogyrid monogeneans from cichlid fishes are presented from the Araguar? River and the Xing? River, State of Par?, Brazil. Two copepods of the family Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 and Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasites in the Upeneus parvus (Poey) and Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectively, in the litoral of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described and illustrated; In addition, an amendment diagnosis of the genus Leposphilus is provided based on the characters found in the present work. The copepod Hatschekia sp. n. is described based specimens collected on the haemulid fishes Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) and A. surinamensis (Bloch) in the Bay of Angra dos Reis, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, being this the first species of the family Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 described from the coast of Brazil. Beyond the descriptions s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; Are provided new information about 15 species of parasitic copepods found on 12 marine species of fishes in Brazil; these data including 12 new host records, eight new geographical records (locality) and first record of the genera Cresseyus and Pseudochondracanthus in the western South Atlantic. / Entre o per?odo de mar?o de 2013 a novembro de 2016 foram coletados e analisados 195 esp?cimes de hospedeiros pertencentes a 25 esp?cies de peixes actinopter?geos no Brasil, com objetivo de realizar um estudo taxonomico de seus monogen?ticos e cop?podes parasitas. Duas esp?cies de monogen?ticos, Sciadiclethrum araguariensis Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 e S. edgari Paschoal, Scholz, Tavares-Dias & Luque, 2016 foram descritas a partir de dois ciclideos do rio Araguar?, Estado do Amap?, norte do Brasil; al?m das duas esp?cies, foram apresentados novos registros de hospedeiros e geogr?ficos de seis monogen?ticos dactilogir?deos a partir de peixes ciclideos do rio Araquari e do rio Xing?, Estado do Par?, Brasil. Dois cop?podes da fam?lia Philichthyidae Vogt, 1877, Colobomatus kimi Paschoal, Pereira & Luque 2016 e Leposphilus vogti Paschoal, Nagasawa & Luque 2016 parasitas de Upeneus parvus (Poey) e Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest), respectivamente, do litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, foram descritas e ilustradas; ademais uma altera??o do diagn?stico gen?rico de Leposphilus ? fornecido com base nos caracteres encontrados no presente trabalho. O cop?pode Hatschekia sp. n. ? descrita e ilustrada a partir de esp?cimes coletados dos peixes haemulideos Anisotremus virginicus (Linnaeus) e A. surinamensis (Bloch) provenientes da Ba?a de Angra dos Reis, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, sendo esta a primeira esp?cie da fam?lia Hatschekiidae Kabata, 1979 descrita a partir do litoral do Brasil. Al?m das descri??es s?o fornecidas novas informa??es sobre 15 esp?cies de cop?podes parasitas de 12 esp?cies de peixes marinhos de diferentes localidades litor?neas no Brasil; estes dados incluem 12 novos registros de hospedeiros, 08 novos geogr?ficos (de localidade) e primeiros registros dos g?neros Cresseyus e Pseudochondracanthus no oeste do Atl?ntico Sul.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T12:17:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - Diogo Joffily.pdf: 993690 bytes, checksum: c5e8df7300d4f2e09eb55e7f60f4f1a9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-17 / The state of Rio de Janeiro is in the national and international route of the traffic of wild animals. The numbers of apprehensions in this state are raised and the CETAS-RJ receives a great number of animals per year. Projects of release and reintroduction of wild animals combined with scientific research must gain space so that destination of these animals to the natural environment can occur in an objective way. The objective of the study was to develop procedures for release, with individuals of Aratinga leucophthalma species, taking in consideration behavior characteristics, the social structure, the alimentary habits and to accomplish the monitoring of the animals during the release and the post-release, looking for results that come to aid in future projects. The work was accomplished at three different places: the CETAS-RJ, ocurred the handling before the release and the study of the feeding in captivity; the campus of the UFRRJ, where field work related with the feeding in free life was don; and in the RPPN S?o Benedito Farm in Rio Claro-RJ, where the release and the post-release monitoring ocurred. The work was accomplished between September 2008 and July 2010. The handling before the release was done by the preparation of a nursery to house 30 animals. The animals were grouped by flight capacity and domestication level. This stage was also composed by the accomplishment of clinical and labs exams, individual demarcation of the animals through rings and sexing exam. Of the selected animals there was prevalence of males. According to the clinical exams was not verified any aspect to make unfeasible the work. The study of the feeding in captivity was made through analysis of the supplied food and the amount of leftovers, verifying the preference through the alimentary behavior. Preference of the birds was revealed by the sunflower seed and the need of the maintenance and elaboration of new balanced diets appropriated to release programs. The field work tried to describe the alimentary items of species from the Psittacidae family. The importance of exotic vegetable species was revealed as food source for birds of the Psittacidae family in the campus. From the ten alimentary items observed only three were from native species. The release was accomplished by the model of soft release, after a period of acclimatization in the release area, which preceded the opening of the nursery. After the opening of the nursery a food support was maintained inside and outside of the nursery and the monitoring was accomplished collecting data in daily accomp. The birds went increasing gradually the distance traveled after the release and they were incorporating themselves to groups from the area. The soft release model used in this work guaranteed the success in the process of rehabilitation of these birds. The food supports maintained after the opening of the nursery were extremely important to guarantee the nutrition of the birds during the first days after the release, and to give them strength for recognition of the area and to look for new food sources. / O Rio de Janeiro est? na rota nacional e internacional do tr?fico de animais silvestres. S?o elevados os n?meros de apreens?es realizadas nesse estado e o CETAS-RJ recebe um grande n?mero de animais por ano. Projetos de soltura e reintrodu??o de animais silvestres, aliados a pesquisas cient?ficas devem ganhar espa?o nesse cen?rio para que o retorno desses animais ? natureza ocorra de forma objetiva e segura. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver procedimentos para soltura, atrav?s de experimentos com indiv?duos da esp?cie Aratinga leucophthalma, levando em considera??o suas caracter?sticas comportamentais, estrutura social, h?bitos alimentares e ainda, realizar o monitoramento dos animais durante a soltura e o per?odo p?s-soltura, buscando resultados que venham auxiliar futuros projetos. O trabalho foi realizado em tr?s locais diferentes sendo eles: o CETAS-RJ, onde ocorreu o manejo antes da soltura e o estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro; o campus da UFRRJ, onde foi feito o trabalho de campo relacionado com a alimenta??o em vida livre; e a RPPN Fazenda S?o Benedito em Rio Claro-RJ, onde ocorreu a soltura e o monitoramento p?s-soltura. O per?odo de desenvolvimento do projeto foi entre setembro de 2008 e julho de 2010. O manejo pr?soltura foi constitu?do pelo preparo de um viveiro para alojar 30 indiv?duos de A. leucophthalma. Os animais foram selecionados de acordo com sua capacidade de v?o e o n?vel de domestica??o. Esta etapa foi composta ainda pela realiza??o de exames cl?nicos e laboratoriais, pela marca??o individual dos animais atrav?s de anilhas e a sexagem. Dos animais selecionados, houve predom?nio de machos em rela??o a f?meas. No tocante a exames cl?nicos realizados, n?o foi constatado nenhum aspecto que pudesse inviabilizar o trabalho. O estudo da alimenta??o em cativeiro foi feito atrav?s da an?lise do alimento fornecido e a quantidade de sobra, verificando a prefer?ncia atrav?s do comportamento alimentar. Foi revelada prefer?ncia das aves pela semente de girassol e a necessidade da manuten??o e elabora??o de novas dietas balanceadas, voltadas para programas de soltura. O trabalho de campo buscou descrever os itens alimentares de esp?cies da fam?lia Psittacidae. Foi revelada a import?ncia de esp?cies vegetais ex?ticas como fonte de alimento para aves da fam?lia Psittacidae no campus da UFRRJ. Dos dez itens alimentares observados apenas tr?s eram provenientes de esp?cies nativas. A soltura foi realizada pelo modelo de soltura branda, ap?s um per?odo de aclimata??o na ?rea de soltura, que antecederam a abertura do viveiro. Foram mantidos suportes alimentares dentro e fora do viveiro durante a soltura e o monitoramento, que foi realizado atrav?s de acompanhamento di?rio e coleta de dados. As aves foram gradualmente aumentando as dist?ncias percorridas ap?s a soltura e foram se incorporando a bandos da regi?o. O modelo de soltura branda, utilizado neste trabalho, garantiu sucesso no processo de reintrodu??o dessas aves. Os suportes alimentares mantidos ap?s a abertura do viveiro foram de fundamental import?ncia para garantir a nutri??o das aves nos primeiros dias ap?s a soltura, dar-lhes for?as para reconhecimento da ?rea em que foram soltas bem como buscar novas fontes de alimento.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2018-08-20T14:11:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - JOICE DOS SANTOS LIMA BERNARDO.pdf: 3739679 bytes, checksum: 8843284b9fe9600f0ceb730fdda3f94d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T14:11:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010 - JOICE DOS SANTOS LIMA BERNARDO.pdf: 3739679 bytes, checksum: 8843284b9fe9600f0ceb730fdda3f94d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-09 / CAPES / The genus Ctenomys Blainville, 1826 has a systematic and complex although there are morphological and molecular studies on the genus, it is still difficult to identify and classify these individuals who have a high diversity of karyotypes with diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 10 to 2n = 70. However, some authors confirm the usefulness of taxonomic structures such as penis and baculum in the systematic study of rodents. The penis, as well as the baculum (penis bone), has been the subject of several studies because of its great morphological diversity. This work is based on the study of external morphology of the glans penes and baculum of Ctenomys minutus, Ctenomys flamarioni and Ctenomys torquatus to identify possible variations and compare the differences. The study was done from the penis of adult set of the species listed above. Photographs were taken, dissections, drawings with a camera lucida and diaphanization the penis. For analysis of the microstructure of the surface of the glans penes was used the technique of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed great differences in morphological structure of the baculum of the three species analyzed and showed structures similar to thorns that covered the entire surface of the glans penes with varying distribution over the glans. Our results indicate that the baculum may be an excellent marker complex taxonomic groups such as the Ctenomys. Morphological studies of the surface of the glans penes and baculum combined with genetic studies, molecular and biogeographical can provide important information to better understand the systematic, evolution and taxonomy of the genus. / O g?nero Ctenomys Blainville, 1826 possui uma sistem?tica complexa e apesar de j? existirem estudos moleculares e morfol?gicos sobre o g?nero, ainda ? dif?cil identificar e classificar estes indiv?duos que possuem uma alta diversifica??o cariot?pica com n?meros dipl?ides variando de 2n= 10 a 2n= 70. Por?m, alguns autores confirmam a utilidade taxon?mica de estruturas como p?nis e baculum no estudo da sistem?tica de roedores.O p?nis, assim como o baculum (osso peniano), tem sido alvo de diversos estudos devido sua grande diversidade morfol?gica. O presente trabalho se baseia no estudo da morfologia externa do glans penes e do baculum de Ctenomys minutus, Ctenomys flamarioni e Ctenomys torquatus com o objetivo de identificar poss?veis varia??es e comparar as diferen?as encontradas. O estudo foi feito a partir dos p?nis fixados de indiv?duos adultos das esp?cies listadas anteriormente. Foram feitas fotografias, dissec??es, desenhos com c?mara clara e diafaniza??o dos p?nis. Para an?lises da microestrutura da superf?cie do glans penes foi utilizado a t?cnica de Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). Os resultados revelaram grandes diferen?as morfol?gicas na estrutura do baculum das tr?s esp?cies analisadas e revelaram estruturas semelhantes a espinhos que recobriam toda a superf?cie do glans penes com distribui??o variando ao longo da glande. Nossos resultados indicam que o baculum pode ser um excelente marcador taxon?mico em grupos complexos como ? o caso dos Ctenomys. Estudos morfol?gicos da superf?cie do glans penes e do baculum aliados a estudos gen?ticos, moleculares e biogeogr?ficos podem fornecer informa??es importantes para melhor entendermos a sistem?tica, evolu??o e taxonomia do g?nero.

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-13T17:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Thamires de Mello Neto.pdf: 1516929 bytes, checksum: faa5edbe5a008b3c926c4e55309ad3e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Throughout the coastal habitats, the Guiana dolphin is affected by anthropogenic actions that threaten its conservation, especially fishing and boat traffic. Sepetiba bay seems to offer a high-quality habitat, because the dolphins are very abundant and found in the area all year round. With the industrial development in Sepetiba Bay, there will be an increase of large vessels flow, which will carry several types of cargo, some of which are harmful to the environment and directly dangerous to the animals. This intense traffic occurs in a place used by dolphins for feeding, foraging and breeding, may generate negative behavioral responses, changing their affinity for the place and move away. From a landbase, during the period of one year (July 2015 to August 2016), sightings were realized with the objective of evaluating whether the different vessels generate impacts on the Guiana dolphins? behavior. The evaluation was based on a behavioral reaction classification in Negative, Neutral, and Positive, in interactions with a 500m maximum distance among the study objects. The study had a total of 288 h of sample effort, whereupon with the most interactions were Jan/16 with 14.90% (n = 11), Jul/15 with 13.51% (n = 10) and Mar/16 and Apr/16 with 12.16% (n = 9). Interactions occurred mostly during the period from 10 h to 11 h AM (32.43%), 9h to 10h AM (24.32%), and 11 to 12 h AM (24.32%), and all occurred outside the dredged chanel. The dolphin groups, in general, were small. The presence of calves accompanying the group was also low, only 12 individuals (6.86%). The vessels that most interacted with the dolphins were: Boats (79.73%) and Trawlers (18.92%), and only one ship (1.35%) was observed interacting with the animals. Foraging (57.30%) and Travelling (42.70%) were the most performed activities. The most expressive behavioral reactions were Neutral (71.43%), followed by Negative (24%), and very low occurrence of Positive reactions (4.28%). In order to verify if there were significant differences between the vessels and behavioral reactions, X2 was used, assuming pvalue <0.05 (df 2). It was observed that the Neutral reactions have a differential effect in relation to the other reactions for the types of vessels. Neutral reactions were predominant and could be interpreted as a process of habituation or learning. Or even energy-saving. This energy could be used in foraging activities, since the possible decrease of essential species in their diet will cause a bigger effort to catch prey than avoid potential impacts. / Ao longo dos habitats costeiros, o boto-cinza, Sotalia guianensis, est? sujeito a a??es antropog?nicas que amea?am a sua conserva??o, especialmente a pesca e o tr?fego de embarca??es. A Ba?a de Sepetiba parece oferecer um habitat de qualidade, uma vez que os botos s?o abundantes e encontrados o ano todo. Com o crescente avan?o de empreendimentos na Ba?a de Sepetiba, em h? um aumento no fluxo de embarca??es de grande porte, que consequentemente transporta diversos tipos de cargas, sendo algumas nocivas ao meio ambiente e diretamente perigosas para os botos. Esse tr?fego intenso na Ba?a de Sepetiba, local utilizado pelos botos para alimenta??o, forrageamento e reprodu??o, pode gerar respostas comportamentais negativas por parte dos botos, fazendo com que se afastem ou mudem sua afinidade pelo local. Sendo assim a partir de um ponto fixo, durante o per?odo de um ano (Julho/2015 a Agosto/2016), avistagens foram realizadas com o objetivo de avaliar se as diferentes embarca??es geram impactos sobre o comportamento da popula??o de boto-cinza da Ba?a de Sepetiba. A avalia??o se deu a partir da classifica??o da rea??o comportamental em Negativa, Neutra e Positiva, em intera??es com dist?ncias entre os objetos de estudo de no m?ximo 500m. O estudo teve um total de 288 h de esfor?o amostral, dentre as quais os meses que apresentaram mais intera??es foram Jan/16 com 14,90% (n=11), Jul/15 com 13,51% (n=10), Mar/16 e Abr/16 com 12,16% (n=9). As intera??es ocorreram em sua maioria durante o per?odo de 10 ?s 11 hrs (32,43%), 9 ?s 10 hrs (24,32%) e 11 ?s 12 hrs (24,32%), e todas se deram fora do canal dragado. Os grupos, no geral, foram de pequeno porte. A presen?a de filhotes acompanhando o grupo tamb?m foi baixa, somente 12 (6,86%) indiv?duos. As embarca??es que mais interagiram com os botos, foram: Lanchas (79,73%) e Traineiras (18,92%), somente um Navio (1,35%). O Forrageamento (57,30%) e o Deslocamento (42,70%) foram as atividades mais realizadas, e as rea??es comportamentais de maior frequ?ncia foram a Neutra (71,43%), seguido da Negativa (24%) e Positiva (4,28%). Para verificar se houve diferen?as significativas entre as embarca??es e rea??es comportamentais foi utilizado o X2, assumindo valor de signific?ncia p<0.05, foi constatado que as rea??es neutras t?m um efeito predominante em rela??o ?s outras rea??es para os tipos de embarca??es. As rea??es neutras foram predominantes podendo ser interpretadas como um processo de habitua??o ou aprendizagem. Ou at? mesmo de economia de energia. Essa energia poderia ser utilizada em atividades de forrageamento, j? que a poss?vel escassez de esp?cies essenciais em sua dieta fa?a com que os botos se esfor?em mais para capturar presas do que se afastar dos poss?veis impactos

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T16:14:44Z No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-02-10T10:38:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-10T10:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 patricia.pdf: 1377961 bytes, checksum: 55ce7c1439d8b1123461e7f1f40d7a17 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Os estudos sobre o desenvolvimento de defeitos de esmalte e a associa??o com as condi??es natais e p?s-natais ainda s?o escassos. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a preval?ncia de defeitos de esmalte em dentes dec?duos e verificar se prematuridade, peso ao nascimento e vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas podem estar associados a tais defeitos. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 381 crian?as com idade entre 3 e 5 anos. Os dados foram coletados atrav?s de exame cl?nico e entrevistas com os pais durante Campanha Nacional de Vacina??o. O diagn?stico dos defeitos de esmalte foi realizado utilizando-se o Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). Atrav?s de entrevista foram coletadas informa??es sobre aspectos sociodemogr?ficos, gesta??o, peso ao nascimento, prematuridade da crian?a e amamenta??o. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o programa SPSS for Windows 17.0 e incluiu a distribui??o de frequ?ncia, testes qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher e regress?o de Poisson. A preval?ncia de defeito de esmalte foi de 29,9% e a opacidade demarcada foi o tipo de defeito mais frequente. Crian?as com peso muito baixo ao nascimento apresentam mais chance de desenvolver defeitos de esmalte [RP (IC95%) = 2,7 (1,66-4,61)]. A prematuridade e as vari?veis sociodemogr?ficas n?o foram fatores associados aos defeitos de esmalte. Crian?as com peso muito baixo ao nascimento apresentaram maior preval?ncia de defeitos de esmalte nos dentes dec?duos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Odontologia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2011. / ABSTRACT Studies regarding the development of enamel defects and association with natal and postnatal conditions are scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of enamel defects in primary teeth and determine whether prematurity, birth weight and sociodemographic variables may be associated with such defects. This was a cross-sectional study with 381 children aged between 3 and 5 years. Data were collected through clinical examination and interviews with parents during the National Immunization Day. The diagnosis of enamel defects was performed using the Development Defects of Enamel Index (DDE Index). During interviews, information were collected on sociodemographic aspects, pregnancy, birth weight, child prematurity and breastfeeding. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for Windows 17.0 and involved descriptive analysis, the Fisher?s test, qui-square test and Poisson regression. The prevalence of enamel defects was 29.9% and demarcated opacity was the most frequent type of defect. Children with low birth weight presented greater prevalence of enamel defects [PR (CI 95%) = 2,7 (1.66-4.61)]. Prematurity and the sociodemographic variables were not factors associated with enamel defects. In this study, children with very low birth weight had higher prevalence of enamel defects in deciduous teeth.