Existing research on students’ citation practices has tended to focus on the formal and linguistic characteristics of citation (Howard et al., 2010; Swales, 2014), without fully examining their underlying rhetorical functions or the influence of classroom genres on citation practices. Smaller-scale studies have yielded meaningful insights into the rhetorical dimensions of citation (Haller, 2010), but these have been challenging to scale up, and proposed coding schemes have had limited applicability to L1 first-year writing contexts (Petric, 2007; Lee, Hitchcock, and Casal, 2018; Zhang, 2023). This study responds to calls for a better understanding of the rhetorical strategies first-year writing students employ when citing sources, as well as improved program-level assessment methods to capture their citation practices across classrooms and courses. My dissertation study examines the rhetorical practices of citation employed by students within a foundational academic writing course, ENG 101: Introduction to Academic Discourse, at a large urban research university. Combining qualitative coding and computational text analysis, the study investigates three key research questions: 1) What rhetorical practices of citation do students learn to employ within a foundational academic writing course? 2) To what extent do different genres condition different practices of citation? and 3) To what extent do students' citation practices differ—within and across genres—in relation to the scores they receive? This study reveals that students primarily engage sources for three rhetorical purposes: to Report information from and about sources (without imposing an interpretive lens); to Transform source material through analysis, application, and synthesis; and to Evaluate a source’s content, argument, and/or rhetorical effectiveness. The study found that higher-scoring student papers demonstrated more frequent use of Evaluating sources while lower-scoring papers tended to rely more heavily on Reporting from sources. Additionally, the analysis uncovered distinct citation profiles across the key genres assigned in the course, with the Rhetorical Analysis paper requiring the highest levels of Evaluating and Transforming, the Brand Analysis emphasizing Transforming, and the Review Paper displaying lower overall source engagement. The dissertation contributes to the field's understanding of citation practices in first-year writing, offering a framework for assessing the rhetorical dimensions of student citation that can be adapted for use within the context of local writing programs to support outcomes assessment, curriculum design, and classroom pedagogy attuned to the rhetorical dimensions of source engagement. / English / Accompanied by one .zip file : 1) Kane_temple_0225E_171/Kane_Supplementary_Materials.zip

Based on a corpus analysis of 72 research articles, this thesis examines citation practices in four academic disciplines, two soft (linguistics and art history) and two hard (biology and astronomy). The first part provides quantitative results for the usage of two basic types, integral and non-integral citation. The non-integral type is preferred mainly in biology (91%), whereas astronomy and linguistics do not show such strong preference. In art history, both types are used with similar frequencies. The second part is focused on integral citation and examines instances of its sub-types (verb-controlling, naming and non-citation). The third part analyses the distribution of citations in the individual sections of research articles which shows to be dependent on the structural organization of the article. In general, two tendencies have been found: in articles with IMRD structure (biology and linguistics), citations occur mainly in the introduction and discussion. In astronomy and art history, citations are almost evenly distributed across the text. The last part of this thesis is focused on reporting verbs and their semantic classification (research, cognitive and discourse acts). Astronomy shows strong preference for research acts verbs, whilst biology employs this type only slightly more often...

本研究旨在針對WoS、Scopus、CSSCI、CCD、TSSCI、THCI與ACI等七個引文索引資料庫，觀察與統計現有引文索引資料庫之系統文獻來源、查詢功能、索引欄位、輸出欄位、引文分析功能及其檢索結果分析與個人化功能等，藉此瞭解現有引文索引資料庫之現況與不足之處，並輔以資料庫使用者、圖書館館員以及資料庫建置專家之訪談，瞭解建置人文社會科學引文索引資料庫之阻礙、後續維護管理問題、推廣問題以及與國際接軌之建議作法，進而對人文社會科學引文索引資料庫的建置提出建議。 　　本研究結果歸納如下：（1）系統文獻來源為綜合性較佳，較能建構出較完整的引文網路。（2）查詢功能、索引欄位、輸出欄位、引文分析、檢索結果分析與個人化功能宜參考WoS、Scopus與CCD三個建置較齊全之資料庫，提供使用者較全面的系統功能。（3）建置阻礙包括參考文獻引文格式的差異問題、拖刊問題、選刊問題、建檔的人力與資源問題、以及名稱的權威檔等問題。（4）後續維護管理問題包括人力與經費、資料庫的推廣、資料庫所採取的營運模式問題、資料的來源問題、以及引文資料的建檔問題。（5）若欲推廣資料庫，必須建置功能及內容完整之資料庫，讓使用者感受到資料庫的查詢具有引文網路的架構。（6）資料庫在建置時就須參考國外資料庫在處理引文資料庫時所注重的重點，例如各項索引與輸出欄位等，將來與國外接軌或合併的可行性才有可能提高。 　　本研究結果可供期刊出版商提升自我品質之參考，亦可對建置人文社會科學引文索引資料庫各項系統功能提出建置建議，希冀有朝一日能建置出媲美國外大型引文索引資料庫的臺灣人文社會科學引文索引資料庫。 / Citation index databases have been explored and made impact on academic research for several decades. The Web of Science (WOS) of Thomson Reuters ISI is one of the most well-known citation databases in the world, and the Scopus of Elsevier is also a famous citation databases. In addition, the Mainland China has also developed Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) database and Chinese Citation Database (CCD) since recent twenty years. Under the sponsorship of the National Science Council in Taiwan, the Taiwan Social Science Research Center established the Taiwan Social Sciences Citation Index (TSSCI) database in 1996 and the Center for Humanities Research built up Taiwan Humanities Citation Index (THCI) database in 1999. On the other hand, Airiti Incorporation has developed Academic Citation Index (ACI). However, the application of TSSCI, THCI and ACI reveals many design flaws and use limitations for both databases, some search functions are different and not available, and it is therefore difficult for users to get information through the same search interface. It is truly important to construct an integrate citation index database for Taiwan humanity and social science researchers. Working with an information service company, the purpose of the present study is to propose a design plan to establish a Taiwan humanity and social science citation database. 　　The following issues will be investigated in this study: 1. Collecting source literature and citation literature from humanity and social science journals publishing by Taiwan academic institutes. 2. Designing the structure of citation index system, types and contents of the database. 3. Setting up the standards for description on database fields. 4. Developing the basic, advanced and other information retrieval functions. 5. Seeking for the integration with WoS to fulfill the goal of information resources sharing and the promotion of global visualization. 6. Building the quantitative indicator for evaluating the humanity and social science research.

This thesis aims to examine how the domain Assyriology can be analyzed with bibliometrics. It uses the domain analytic perspective by Birger Hjørland and Hanne Albrechtsen. The metadata was collected through the Web of Science and the dataset covers the years 2016-2020 from the journals Akkadica, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Near Eastern studies, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions and Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. The domain was studied by analyzing citations, the documents, languages, place of publication, the age of references and the authors by visualizing patterns in figures and tables. Co-authorship analysis was used to display collaboration between countries. The content was analyzed with co-citation analysis of references and co-word analysis of title words to visualize the knowledge structures within the domain. The study found that Co-word analysis did give a general idea of different knowledge patterns but there were few clear structures. The co-citation analysis was found to reveal more clear structures though the references had a low citation rate and so might not be representative of the whole domain. It was found to be effective to use tables and figures to visualize certain aspects and patterns within the domain. In conclusion, bibliometrics was found to be effective to gain knowledge about the domain Assyriology. This is a two years master's thesis in Library and Information Science. / Den här uppsatsen ämnar att analysera hur domänen assyriologi kan analyseras med hjälp av bibliometri. Uppsatsen använder ett domänanalytiskt perspektiv av Birger Hjørland and Hanne Albrechtsen. Metadatan har samlats in från Web of Science och datasetet består material från tidsperioden 2016-2020 från tidskrifterna AkkAncient Near Eastern studies, adica, Journal of Near Eastern Studies, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions and Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie. Domänen studerades genom att analysera citeringar, materialet, språken, vart materialet publicerades, åldern på referenserna och författarna genom att visualisera mönster i figurer och tabeller. Forskningssamarbeten analyserades för att visa samarbeten mellan länder. Innehållet analyserades med en cociteringsanalys av referenser och en cowordanalys av titelord för att visualisera kognitiva strukturer inom domänen. Studien fann att cowordanalys gav en generell bild av olika kongnitiva strukturer men det fanns få tydliga strukturer. Cociteringsanalysen hittade fler tydliga strukturer men referenserna hade få citeringar och det är därmed möjligt att det inte representerar hela domänen. Det var effektivt att använda sig av tabeller och figurer för att visualisera olika aspekter inom domänen. Sammansfattningsvis, bibliometri var användart för att få nya kunskaper om domänen assyriologi.

The thesis focuses on the evaluation of Research and Development in the Czech Republic. The introductory part of thesis highlights the recency of the topic and describes the quantitative and qualitative methods of assessing outlets of science. The second part of the thesis discusses in detail the evaluation of science in the Czech Republic; the legislative framework and the evaluation of Research and Development are mentioned. The third chapter shows the evaluation of institutional Research and Development and uses the 1st Faculty of Medicine of Charles University in Prague as an example. The core of the thesis is the fourth chapter with an analysis of selected primary scientometric data. The final part summarizes the entire topic and highlights some problem areas [Author's abstract].

Le libre accès est un processus qui vise à rendre les résultats de recherche disponibles gratuitement en ligne, permettant de lire, télécharger, copier, distribuer, imprimer, rechercher ou partager leur contenu, sans barrière légale ou technique. Le mouvement a récemment gagné de l’ampleur avec l’implémentation de politiques de libre accès par les organismes subventionnaires et le développement de plateformes facilitant la diffusion de la science telles que l’Open Journal System, Érudit et SciELO. Actuellement, des études estiment que près de la moitié des articles scientifiques sont disponibles en ligne gratuitement. À ce jour, plusieurs aspects du libre accès ont été abordés dans la littérature scientifique tels que la disponibilité des articles, l’avantage en termes de citations des articles en libre accès et les effets des politiques de libre accès. Cependant, peu de chercheurs ont abordé l’utilisation du libre accès à l’échelle mondiale. L’objectif de ce mémoire de maîtrise est de fournir un portrait à jour de l’adoption du libre accès à l’échelle globale selon deux indicateurs, soit le nombre de publications en libre accès et le nombre de références faites aux articles en libre accès. Nos résultats montrent que les pays pauvres publient et utilisent davantage la recherche en libre accès que les autres pays, tandis que les pays ayant un revenu intermédiaire de la classe supérieure se comportent d’une façon semblable aux pays riches. Ces résultats démontrent l’importance des initiatives pour la promotion du libre accès à l’échelle locale, nationale et internationale, particulièrement pour les pays de la classe de revenu intermédiaire où les infrastructures et le nombre de mandats de libre accès sont limités. / Open Access (OA) is a process that aims to make research output freely available on the public internet, allowing the users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text without any financial, legal or technical barrier. OA has often been suggested as a potential solution to several problems related to the scientific publishing industry: a minority of for profit editors accounting for half of the entire publishing industry, important budget cuts and rising subscription prices in academic libraries, and access to knowledge in lower-income countries. The OA movement originated from the growing demand to make research more accessible worldwide. It has been gaining a lot of momentum, with the implementation of several OA policies by funding institutions and the development of several new platforms (e.g., Open Journal System, African Journals Online, SciELO, and Érudit) that facilitate the publication of OA content at low cost. Studies have shown that between 20% and 50% of research articles are currently available online at no cost, but only a few have compared the use of OA literature at the country level and from a worldwide perspective. Along these lines, this master’s thesis aims to provide a global picture of the current state of OA adoption by countries, using two indicators: publications in OA and references to articles in OA. We find that, on average, low-income countries are publishing and citing OA at the highest rate, while upper-middle income countries and higher income countries publish and cite OA articles at below world-average rates. These results highlight national differences in OA uptake and suggest that more OA initiatives at the institutional, national and international levels are needed to support a wider adoption of open scholarship.

Opsomming Daar bestaan 'n behoefte aan 'n objektiewe maatstaf om die gehalte van akademiese publikasies te bepaal en te vergelyk. Hierdie navorsing het die invloed of reaksie wat deur 'n publikasie gegenereer is uit verwysingsdata bepaal. Daar is van 'n iteratiewe algoritme gebruik gemaak wat gewigte aan verwysings toeken. In die Internetomgewing word hierdie benadering reeds met groot sukses toegepas deur onder andere die PageRank-algoritme van die Google soekenjin. Hierdie en ander algoritmes in die Internetomgewing is bestudeer om 'n algoritme vir akademiese artikels te ontwerp. Daar is op 'n variasie van die PageRank-algoritme besluit wat 'n Invloedwaarde bepaal. Die algoritme is op gevallestudies getoets. Die empiriese studie dui daarop dat hierdie variasie spesialisnavorsers se intu¨ıtiewe gevoel beter weergee as net die blote tel van verwysings. Abstract Ranking of journals are often used as an indicator of quality, and is extensively used as a mechanism for determining promotion and funding. This research studied ways of extracting the impact, or influence, of a journal from citation data, using an iterative process that allocates a weight to the source of a citation. After evaluating and discussing the characteristics that influence quality and importance of research with specialist researchers, a measure called the Influence factor was introduced, emulating the PageRankalgorithm used by Google to rank web pages. The Influence factor can be seen as a measure of the reaction that was generated by a publication, based on the number of scientists who read and cited itA good correlation between the rankings produced by the Influence factor and that given by specialist researchers were found. / Mathematical Sciences / M.Sc. (Operasionele Navorsing)

Depuis toujours, les œuvres d'art ont joué un rôle fondamental dans la formation des artistes, servant de modèles iconiques pour l'apprentissage et la création de nouvelles œuvres. Au cours du XXème siècle, la diffusion considérable d'œuvres d'art en rapport au progrès dans l'imprimerie et à l'essor des médias a fortement contribué au développement des pratiques liées à la citation en peinture. Chez Picasso, la citation consiste dans l'appropriation et la réinterprétation de chefs-d'œuvre qu'il retranscrit dans son style. Ainsi, en 1957, il peint quarante-quatre variations à partir des Ménines (1656) de Velazquez. Au début des années soixante, les artistes pop ont recours à la sérigraphie pour imprimer sur toile les reproductions photographiques de chefs d'œuvres. Leurs productions relèvent d'une esthétique particulière comme résultat de l'utilisation de ce procédé qu'ils chercheront à développer par la suite. Ainsi, dans les versions de la Cathédrale de Rouen (1892-1894) de Monet peintes par Lichtenstein en 1969, l'image est reconstituée par une trame de points, équivalent graphique des points d'encrage de la photographie de presse. Dans les années soixante-dix, le collectif espagnol Equipo Crónica s'empare des grands classiques de la peinture espagnole et européenne et les retranscrit par une juxtaposition d'aplats de couleurs. Influencés par ces démarches, certains artistes latino-américains ont forgé leur propre style. L'œuvre du péruvien Herman Braun-Vega, par exemple, jette des ponts entre la peinture des grands maîtres tels que Velazquez, Goya ou Picasso, et l'imaginaire visuel péruvien. A l'instar de Picasso, Fernando Botero s'approprie des œuvres des maîtres en les soumettant à son style. Dès la fin des années soixante, les arts plastiques péruviens reprennent les caractéristiques plastiques du Pop'Art international pour mettre en scène divers aspect de la culture péruvienne. Ainsi Marcel Velaochaga met en relation l'esthétique Pop avec une réflexion critique sur l'histoire du Pérou et ses propres icônes visuelles.

Ayant recours aux théories de l’intertextualité et de la citation telles que développées par Genette, Compagnon et Morawski, ce mémoire met en relation deux corpus distincts mais complémentaires : les principaux essais d’Hubert Aquin, de Gaston Miron et des collaborateurs de la revue Parti pris sont analysés comme réécriture des textes (ou réélaboration des idées) d’Aimé Césaire, de Frantz Fanon et d’Albert Memmi, figures dominantes du discours de la décolonisation francophone. L’approche adoptée vise à mettre en lumière les bases sur lesquelles les intellectuels québécois tâchèrent de justifier leur réutilisation du discours de la décolonisation. Elle permet aussi d’observer dans quelle mesure ce discours orienta la réflexion entourant la redéfinition du nationalisme au Québec, en plus de faciliter sa diffusion. Articulé autour de trois grands axes – l’identité culturelle, les conflits linguistiques ainsi que le rôle de la littérature et de l’écrivain dans le combat pour l’émancipation nationale –, ce mémoire démontre que l'établissement d'un tel partenariat symbolique a été d'un grand apport quant à l'appartenance du Québec à la francophonie. / Refering to the theories of Genette, Compagnon and Morawski's on quotation and intertextuality, this thesis compares two distinct, yet complementary, body of works: the major essays written by Hubert Aquin, Gaston Miron and the young intellectuals who collaborated to Parti Pris are analyzed as rewriting (or rethinking) of the works of Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon and Albert Memmi, figureheads of the francophone decolonization movement. The main objective of this study is to investigate the bases on which Québécois intellectuals attempted to justify their recuperation of the discourse of decolonization, and how this discourse shaped their reflection towards redefining Québec nationalism, as well as promoting its diffusion. Articulated around three principal axes – cultural identity, language conflicts and the role of literature and the writer in the struggle for national emancipation –, this thesis shows that the creation of such a symbolic partnership has enabled Québec to join the community of francophone nations.

L’étude diachronique des écrits en français de Cioran montre que le dynamisme de cette œuvre a pour source la manière d’écrire. L’univers idéel est statique. La manière de dire est en mouvement. La volonté de s’imposer sur la scène culturelle française pousse « le métèque » à mettre fin à son lyrisme. La frivolité qui consiste à jouer avec les idées en est la conséquence. Elle est à l’antipode de l’écriture philosophique dont la principale raison d’être est l’appréhension de l’essence des choses. Après l’échec des Syllogismes, Cioran s’est rendu compte qu’il a mal misé sur la frivolité des Français. A partir de La Tentation d’exister, il cherche à créer un texte relativement suivi. Un sceptique ne peut endurer cette corvée qu’en recourant à la fiction. La sécheresse des concepts abstraits est adoucie grâce à un langage métaphorique. La narration rompt avec les principaux procédés de l’écriture philosophique comme l’analyse et l’argumentation. Le texte évolue par contiguïté sémantique. Le conflit entre vérité et littérature devient moins intense. Le vieux Cioran, en proie au compte-gouttes de la vieillesse, souffre de ne plus pouvoir se manifester. Recourir à ses expériences quotidiennes ou à des passages lus est une source de matière verbale. Les scènes de la vie quotidienne rafraîchissent la conscience desséchée par la recherche exclusive de l’idée. La citation participe du même travail de concrétisation. La vie quotidienne a une valeur cognitive supérieure à celle du raisonnement philosophique. De même, les écrits des maîtres spirituels, des mystiques et des poètes sont plus pénétrants que les ouvrages philosophiques. Littérature et vérité se sont réconciliées. / The diachronic study of the writings in French of Cioran shows that the dynamism of this work has for manner source to write. The ideal universe is statistical. The manner to say is in movement to meet different challenges. The willingness to impose itself on the French cultural scene pushes the "Wog" to put an end to his lyricism. The frivolity of playing with ideas to create unusual forms is the consequence. It is the antithesis of the philosophical writing whose primary purpose to be the understanding of the essence of things. After the failure of Syllogismes, Cioran realized that he bet badly on the frivolity of the French people. From The Temptation to exist, it seeks to create a relatively tracking text. A skeptic cannot endure this chore than through fiction. The drought of abstract concepts is eased thanks to a metaphorical language. The narrative breaks with the main processes of philosophical writing as deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis and arguing. The text evolves by semantic contiguity. The conflict between truth and literature becomes less intense. The old Cioran, in prey to the dropper of the old age, suffer of more power to appear. To resort to its daily experiences or read passages is a source of verbal matter. The scenes of daily life refresh the dry conscience by exclusive research idea. The quote participates the same search for concrete. The daily life has a cognitive value than the philosophical reasoning. Similarly, the writings of spiritual teachers, mystics, poets and writers are more penetrating than philosophical work. Literature and truth are reconciled.