Registration of claims in insolvency proceedings Abstract In the financial world it is not uncommon for debtors to find themselves in a situation of being insolvent and unable to fulfill their obligations to creditors. Insolvency proceedings were created to resolve such a situation, enabling the creditors to have their claims registered and satisfied en masse (collectively). However, the registration of claims is a complex process consisting of several phases, namely the registration of claims stricto sensu, their verification and satisfaction. Proper understanding of each of its individual aspects is crucial for the creditors. However, constant changes by the legislator to the rules of this process make it difficult for creditors to understand them. The newest changes to the "rules of the game" are a result of two acts by which the Act No. 182/2006 Coll., on insolvency and its resolution (insolvency act) was amended and which came into effect in 2017. The amendments brought a number of changes, but changes to the registration of claims occurred mainly in the verification of filed claims, the status of claims registered by the homeowner association and in the filing of contingent and future secured claims. The most significant change brought about by one of these amendments is the disuse of the verification...

Our overall objective was to explore some individual and environmental determinants of eating habits with a main focus on nutrition labels and their usefulness for choosing foods for weight management. We first broadly examined these determinants using participants of the AFMNet Canadian Consumer Monitor (CCM), and found a number of attitudinal and perceived environmental barriers to healthy eating. In an experimental study with CCM respondents, we found that reduced fat claims may help consumers make better choices for weight management if calorie content on the Nutrition Facts Table is also considered. However, in our examination of foods with fat claims in the Canadian marketplace, we found that most products with fat claims are not significantly lower in calories than comparable foods without such claims. We conclude that fat claims could be useful in assisting consumers with food choices for weight management, if the foods were also reduced in calories.

Our overall objective was to explore some individual and environmental determinants of eating habits with a main focus on nutrition labels and their usefulness for choosing foods for weight management. We first broadly examined these determinants using participants of the AFMNet Canadian Consumer Monitor (CCM), and found a number of attitudinal and perceived environmental barriers to healthy eating. In an experimental study with CCM respondents, we found that reduced fat claims may help consumers make better choices for weight management if calorie content on the Nutrition Facts Table is also considered. However, in our examination of foods with fat claims in the Canadian marketplace, we found that most products with fat claims are not significantly lower in calories than comparable foods without such claims. We conclude that fat claims could be useful in assisting consumers with food choices for weight management, if the foods were also reduced in calories.

Univ., FB Philos. und Geschichtswiss., Diss. u.d.T.: Jähnicke, Burkhard: Die Geschichte der deutsch-amerikanischen Mixed Claims Commission, 1922 - 1939--Hamburg, 2000. / Literaturverz. S. 310 - 359.

In non-life insurance, the independence between the number and size of claims is usually assumed. However, this thesis shows that the assumption of independence can be omitted. We deal with the dependency modeling between frequency and severity of claims. For including the dependence to the total claims model, we consider two methods. The first method uses generalized linear models and the second method used in the thesis is based on dependence modeling by copulas. We also perform a model with independent frequency and severity of claims. This model is compared with the described methods in the simulation part of the thesis. We include dependency on explanatory (rating) variables in all of these models. 1

Background Loading efficiency within logistics is a research area which has been given a lot of attention by researchers during recent years. Pallet Loading Problem has been presented as a mean to tackle the loading efficiency issue in this area. Loading efficiency can be measured in terms of fill rate of the load and the number of reclaimed gods. Different loading methods presents advantages and disadvantages regarding the two presented areas fill rate and returned gods.      Purpose The purpose with this study is to examine the different issues related to implementing an efficient pallet loading method, with the help of a comparative study of alternative loading methods. In order to accomplish this, different key factors are located and identified in which the relation between these factors is displayed. Research in this area has highlighted that a streamlining of the loading process has assisted organizations in reducing their costs. The cost reduction is an effect of the reduced transport and reclaimed gods.   Methods In this comparative study of alternative loading methods, key factors in different loading methods were identified and analyzed. The data for the three key factors were collected through archival research, unstructured interviews and observations of the different procedures. The analytic tests of the data where conducted through SPSS with the likes of descriptive statistic, non-parametric t-test, correlation and logistic regression.     Results In the result of this thesis, the differences of studied loading methods are presented based on the defined key factors. Each loading method is individually analysed and later compared to the other alternative loading method in order to decide which method is the most efficient, based on the presented key factors. The analyses in the tests presents a connection between fill rate and claims but also between claims and loading method.     Conclusions Between the two presented loading methods, free pallet loading and standing pallet loading, there’s a significant difference based on the analysed key factors. Free pallet loading is concluded to be the more efficient loading method in each of the analysed categories fill rate, claims and cost of claims. This concludes free pallet loading to be the more sustainable and economically beneficial loading method. / Bakgrund Lastningseffektivitet inom logistiken är ett område som dem senaste år fått mycket uppmärksamhet där pallastning av produkter är ett centralt område. En lastningseffektivitet kan mätas i den totala fyllnadsgraden för lastningen samt vilken skaderisk det medför. Två centrala begrepp vilka studerats för lastning är Pallet Loading Problem samt Reclaimed Gods.            Ovanstående ämnesområden presenterar fördelar samt nackdelar med olika lastningsmetoder.   Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka problematiken kring att tillämpa en effektiv pallastning med hjälp av en jämförelsestudie kring alternativa lastningsmetoder. Detta då för att identifiera och kartlägga nyckelfaktorer samt sambandet mellan dessa i en lastningsprocess. Forskning visar på att en effektivisering av lastningsprocessen har hjälpt olika företag att reducera sina kostnader, genom en minskning av transport samt minimering av skaderisk för det lastade godset.   Metod Tillvägagångssättet för denna studie var att göra en jämförelsestudie där nyckelfaktorer i olika lastningsmetoder skall analyseras. Tre olika faktorer för lastning analyserades, där underlag för analysen införskaffades ur organisationens datasamling genom arkivforskning, observationer samt ostrukturerade intervjuer. Analyserna gjordes i SPSS genom de olika dataanalystesterna, deskriptiv statistik, icke parametriskt t-test, korrelation samt logistisk regression.   Resultat Resultatet av studien visar hur lastning skiljer sig åt med avseende på de tre olika nyckelkoncepten beroende på vilken metod som ligger till grund. Respektive lastningsmetod analyseras för sig själv för att sedan jämföras, detta då för att identifiera vilken som är effektivast beroende på nyckelfaktorer. Resultatet presenterar ett samband mellan claims och fyllnadsgraden samt mellan claims och metodval.    Slutsats Slutsatsen av denna studie är att bland de två presenterade lastningsmetoderna, löst liggande samt stående pallastning finns en signifikant skillnad sett till nyckelfaktorerna vilka undersökts. Löst liggande pallastning är en effektivare modell sett till samtliga av de undersökta nyckelfaktorerna det vill säga fyllnadsgrad, claims samt kostnaden vilken uppkommer i samband med claims. Detta medför att löst liggande lastning är den mer gynnsamma lastmetoden sett till både ett hållbarhets och ekonomiskt perspektiv.

Accounting terms are very important for every company in the sphere of company finance, accounting terms are claims and accounts payable. The aim of this work was detailed description of claims, then show the control system of the claims of ENVIRO-EKOANALYTIKA and propose improvements to the existing claims management system. The main reasons why claims come into existence are business relations, but they can be caused by provided deposits, loans and bank credits. Claims from business relations are necessary parts of belongings, because every businessman needs goods and services from others. A company can analyse high earnings and profit in accounting but his financial resources can be essentially different. For a company is very important to have a sufficient number of financial resources and to this a company ensures of claims and then restricts entrepreneurial risk. The ensuring of claims means that contractual partner is obliged to realise his account payable. General forms to ensure claims are for example: penal clause, liability, acknowledge a debt, bank quarantee or altitude of debt. We can divide claims in risk claims and abandoned claims. During trading a lot of profits are formed, these profits can be evoked by for example: political or economical events, announcing a financial insolvency or natural catastrophe. Between the most frequent cause of risk claims are mainly the absence of morality in business relations. If the payment of claim is not done until fixed date, the claim gets the bad debt. The only way how to anticipate abandoned claims is, that busines men do not let them come into existence. The proceedings also include claims recovery. The main objective of recovery is to get customers to pay, and as early as possible. Most companies use a standard procedure for recovery, which includes telephone reminders, terminating the supply of credit, written reminders, the transmission of judicial or extrajudicial recovery.

The construction of state highway projects is bid out each year at approximately three billion dollars. Claims from contractors for additional compensation are common. This paper investigates the policies and procedures for handling claims and explores the False Claims Act case law and its implications for the Department of Transportation's contract administration.

Despite the wide spread use of psychological instruments in the forensic context, there is a dearth of research on the purposes for using it. A qualitative case study approach was adopted in this study to explore the purposes for which industrial psychologists use psychological instruments in loss of income claims. The research study comprised of two phases. Firstly, a literature review was used to provide some background on psychological assessment in the forensic context. The literature review described the historical development of forensic psychology, what psychological instruments are and how they are used in the forensic context. The forensic context, in which industrial psychologists operate, was also described. Furthermore, the initial conceptual framework to outline the context of the next phase of the research was illustrated. The second phase was an exploratory study that made use of a multiple-case study approach. The main research aim was to explore the purposes for using psychological instruments in loss of income claims by industrial psychologists. Another aim was to explore the psychological instruments used. The final aim was to explore the kind of information that is needed in the forensic context, which is not currently available by means of existing psychological assessment. Case study data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with four industrial psychologists. Each interview represented a case to be analysed. The multiple-case study data gathered were then analysed using coding, within-case analysis and across-case analysis. The findings indicate that psychological instruments are used for the following purposes: (1) to add value to the quantification of a loss of income claim; and (2) to provide information that is required on the specific situation and circumstances surrounding the claim. Furthermore, the research findings also revealed that the purpose of using a psychological instrument to add value is influenced by internal factors of the psychological instrument as well as situational characteristics of the legal matter at hand. Through the exploration of the purposes for using psychological instruments, specific instruments used could be identified. Another finding included the existence of a perception that the psychological instruments currently available in South Africa are inadequate to provide the information required in the forensic context. The findings also revealed the kind of information that is needed.Recommendations were made for future research and industry-related practices. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Comm. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Since its inception in 1998 as a wholly owned captive insurer, Sasguard has successfully supplied the short-term insurance needs of its parent company, Pioneer Foods Pty Ltd. Although the financial results of Sasguard increased steadily over this entire period, the insurer has never investigated the quality of its service regarding the perceptions of its internal support staff, who represent Sasguard to its client Pioneer. The objective of this research report was to critically analyse the insurer’s current risk underwriting and claims management procedures to determine if the current situation was acceptable and if not, to present proposals to reduce costs and to supply Sasguard’s internal clients (members of the parent company) with a better service. The tasks that were completed for this report were: • a literature study on aspects of risk management directly applicable to Sasguard; • critical analysis of the current risk underwriting and claims management procedures; • identification of shortcomings in the current structure; • collection of responses from internal support staff members by an electronic questionnaire; • critical analysis of those responses; and • proposals which Sasguard can implement to address identified shortcomings. The questionnaire was posted on Pioneer’s intranet site, and the entire population of 30 members was notified by email to complete and submit it within a specified period. Twenty-eight staff members did, with two on leave, for a 93% response rate. The responses were analysed in detail to form the basis of the empirical investigation. They were compared to the writer’s own observations, and together were used to develop conclusions and recommendations which Sasguard can implement in future to reduce both risk and costs associated with claims submitted by its internal clients. The main findings follow. Not enough representatives are at management level. Most (89%) want to increase their background knowledge of insurance, mainly through Sasguard. They want a paperless system to view claims. They were divided on whether to establish a workshop to recover parts of disused vehicles; more study is needed. They want to simplify the process of getting quotes and thus facilitating claims. They want better two-way communication. They favoured using the claims history of a branch, along with other forms of reward, to motivate supervisors and drivers, and others, to reduce the accident rate. The issue of whether out-sourced drivers have increased accident claims needs more study. Indeed, the legal employment status of out-sourced drivers needs to be addressed. Most of the internal client representatives were satisfied with the speed of claims settlement, but nearly a third were not entirely satisfied, which the researcher interprets as a cause for concern. Furthermore, one fourth would consider moving to a traditional insurer; this perception also is worrying and can be addressed, possibly through better understanding of the captive insurer and its practices. Proposals followed from the findings, hopefully to be implemented in due course. While results cannot be generalised, they can be provide insight to other captive insurers, especially those in a manufacturing environment similar to that at Pioneer Foods. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vanaf die totstandkoming van Sasguard as ‘n alleenbeheerde gevange versekeraar in 1998, was die maatskappy deurgaans instaat om in sy moeder maatskappy se korttermyn verskeringsbehoeftes te voorsien. Alhoewel Sasguard se finansiële resultate vir die totale periode voortdurend gegroei het, het die versekeraar dit nooit voorheen nodig geag om ‘n ondersoek te loods om te bepaal of dit werklik in sy interne kliënte se verskeringsbehoeftes voorsien het aldan nie. Die oogmerk van hierdie navorsingsverslag was om ‘n kritiese analise op die versekeraar se huidige onderskrywings en eise besturingsmetodes toe te pas om daaruit te bepaal of die huidige metodes wel voldoende is aldan nie. Indien daar bevind sou word dat die huidige metodes nie voldoende is nie, voorstelle te ontwikkel om die koste van eise te verminder en ‘n beter diens aan sy interne kliënte te kan lewer. Die voortvloeinde take van die werkstuk is: • ‘n Literatuurstudie op daardie aspekte van risikobestuur wat ‘n direkte invloed op Sasguard se besigheidsomgewing het; • Kritiese analise van die huidige metodes om risko te onderskryf en eise te bestuur; • Om tekortkominge in die huidige struktuur te identifiseer; • Verkryging van die versekeraar se interne ondersteuningspersoneel se opinies deur ‘n elektroniese vraelys; • ‘n Kritiese analise van die respondente se antwoorde; en • Voorstelle wat Sasguard kan gebruik om die geidentifiseerde tekortkominge suksesvol aan te spreek. Die vraelys was op die maatskappy se intranet netwerk geplaas en e-posse is gebruik om elke individuele respondent in kennis te stel om die vraelys te voltooi binne ‘n bepaalde tydperk. ‘n Totaal van 28 uit die 30 populasie het die vraelys voltooi, vir ‘n totale reaksie van 93 persent. Die antwoorde vanaf respondente is getabuleer en het gedien as basis van die empiriese studie. Deur die getabuleerde data met die skrywer se eie observasies te vergelyk kon voorstelle ontwerp word wat die versekeraar in die toekoms kan gebruik om aan die een kant sy blootstelling aan risiko te verminder en aan die ander kant sy eisekoste te verlaag. Die hoofbevindinge van die studie volg hiernaas. ‘n Grooter aantal interne kliënt verteenwoordigers moet op bestuursvlak dien by die interne kliënt. Die meeste van hierdie verteenwoordigers het ‘n behoefte daaraan om hulle verskeringskennis uit te brei, hulle verkies ‘n papierlose sisteem waarop vordering van hulle ingediende eise vertoon word, hulle het ‘n behoefte aan ‘n meer eenvoudige proses om kwotasies te verkry en hulle benodig verbeterde tweerigting kommunikasie. Hulle is optimisties dat aksies waardeur goeie drywers erkenning ontvang ‘n positiewe invloed kan hê op hierdie drywers, asook ander individue, wat daardeur ook toekomstige eise sal verlaag. Die terugvoer was dubbelsinnig rakende die oprigting van ‘n sentrale onderdele verskaffer, die ongeluksratio van uitgekontrakteerde drywers, sowel as die wetlike aspekte rondom die status van hierdie drywers. Areas van kommer is die ontevredenheid van sommige interne verteenwoordigers ten opsigte van die spoed van eise afhandeling, asook die siening dat tradisionele versekering moontlik meer waarde kan bied as gevange versekering. Alhoewel die resultate van hierdie navorsingsprojek nie veralgemeen kan word nie, voorsien dit wel insig aan ander gevange versekeraars, veral vir organisasies wat in dieselfde vervaardigings-sektor as Pioneer Foods sake doen.