Thesis (M.S.) in Marine Policy--University of Maine, 2002. / Includes vita. Bibliography: leaves102-107.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1996. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [294]-305).

No description available.

A new method for encapsulating low-molecular weight, water-soluble substances in lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) for delivery to marine bivalves was developed, characterized, and tested. LWMs produced by a spray technique (spray microcapsules, SMs) were demonstrated to encapsulate both aqueous (polymeric dye or oxytetracycline hydrochloride) and particulate (riboflavin) core materials within a capsule wall composed of triacylglycerides. Core materials were most effectively delivered in a capsule wall composed of tripalmitin. Addition of lower melting point lipids to soften the capsule wall significantly reduced (up to a nine-fold reduction) delivery of aqueous core materials, but did not significantly affect particulate riboflavin delivery. The composition of the capsule wall was demonstrated to affect the digestibility of LWMs. Addition of 40% w/w fish oil to the tripalmitin wall was required for Manila clam spat (Tapes philippinarum) enzymatically digest LWMs (convert triaclyglycerides to free fatty acids). Delivery of aqueous and particulate core materials by microcapsules was assessed by feeding clams LWMs containing an aqueous core of polymeric dye or a particulate core of oxytetracycline hemicalcium salt (OTC.HEM). The physical appearance and absence of core material in capsules observed in clam fecal strands suggested release and delivery of core materials in the clam's digestive system. Optimal methods for encapsulating and storing oxytetracycline were assessed. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride was most efficiently encapsulated (3.2 mg core/ 100 mg lipid) and retained (30%) as an aqueous core in LWMs produced by a double-emulsion process (double-emulsion microcapsules, DEMs). OTC.HEM was most efficiently encapsulated (7.4 mg core/l00 mg lipid) and retained (66% of initial encapsulated core material remained after 24 hours suspension in seawater) as a particulate in SMs. SMs containing OTC.HEM were most stable in storage, retaining 86% of their core after 5 weeks of storage as a wet paste. Freeze-drying of SMs containing particulate OTC.HEM increased initial leakage losses of core material, but did not the affect the stability of capsules during long-term storage. Freeze-drying of DEMs containing aqueous OTC.HCl also increased initial leakage loses of core material, but improved the stability of DEMs during long-term storage. / Graduation date: 1995

The object of this study is to understand the effect of food on the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam. It is known that the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam is affected by temperature and salinity, so this study explores the influence of food on speed of ciliary movement of the gill under the different temperature-salinity conditions. This study used three methods to test for the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam. By the first method, using a piece of aluminum foil tested for the gill in vivo, demonstrated none of Isochysis galbana¡BSynechococcus sp.¡Btemperature¡Bphase and sizes of aluminum foil affected significantly on the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam. By the second method, using sand tested for the gill in vitro, demonstrated adding I. galbana or the high concentration (1¡Ñ105 cells ml-1) of Tetraselmis chui caused the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam increased significantly at room temperature, 15 psu. At 32¢J, only the low concentration(1¡Ñ103 cells ml-1) of I. galbana affected significantly the speed of ciliary movement of the gill, and the mean speed of 1.36 cm/min at 32¢J was slower than the mean speed of 2.05 cm/min at room temperature. At 10 psu, both high and low concentration of I. galbana influenced the speed of ciliary movement of the gill, besides the mean speed of 2.82 cm/min at 10 psu was faster than the mean speed at 25 psu. The ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam had no response to I. galbana, and the mean speed of 1.76 cm/min at 25 psu. By the third method, using sands tested for the gill in vivo, the results showed that adding the high concentration of I. galbana caused the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam to increase significantly, and 33.85¢H of the change of this speed was not different significantly with 33.00¢H of the change of the speed of the gill in vitro adding the high of I. galbana. Besides, the mean speed of 1.99 cm/min by using sands tested for the gill in vivo was not also different significantly with the mean speed of the gill in vitro.Based on the above results, the result tested the gill in vitro by the second method was similar to the result tested the gill in vivo by the third method. Under the same condition, the maximum change of speed of ciliary movement of the gill was about sixty percent from the experiment of adding the low concentration of I. galbana, and the minimum change of speed was about ten percent from the experiment of the low concentration of T. chui. The change of the speed of ciliary movement of the gill of cultured hard clam was most affected by I. galbana, and the change was about thirty percent.

Thesis (M.S.)--Auburn University, 2008. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-67).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rutgers University, 2008. / "Graduate Program in Food Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68).

Στην παρούσα διδακτορική διατριβή μελετήθηκε η βιολογία του είδους Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus, 1758) από τη λιμνοθάλασσα του Αράξου και το εκβολικό σύστημα του Ευήνου. Ο στόχος της μελέτης ήταν η βαθύτερη γνώση της βιολογίας του R. decussatus στα δύο ελληνικά οικοσυστήματα, η οποία δύναται να συμβάλει τόσο στην ορθολογική αλιευτική του διαχείριση, όσο και σε μια ενδεχόμενη συστηματική καλλιέργειά του στην Ελλάδα. Για το σκοπό αυτό πραγματοποιήθηκαν τυχαίες δειγματοληψίες σε δεκαπενθήμερη βάση επί τρία χρόνια. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι οι δύο πληθυσμοί διαφέρουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό σε ό,τι αφορά την αύξηση και τη θνησιμότητα, ενώ οι διαφορές στην αναπαραγωγική τους συμπεριφορά είναι μικρότερης έκτασης. Ειδικότερα ο πληθυσμός στη λιμνοθάλασσα του Αράξου εμφανίζει άριστα χαρακτηριστικά αύξησης και αναπαραγωγής, ενισχύοντας την άποψη ότι μια απόπειρα εντατικής καλλιέργειας του είδους στη χώρα μας θα στεφόταν με επιτυχία. Επίσης αποκομίστηκαν σημαντικά συμπεράσματα που αφορούν την ηθολογία του είδους και τη συμπεριφορά του σε καταστάσεις κινδύνου. / In the present doctoral thesis we studied the biology of two populations of the bivalve Ruditapes decussatus, one located in the lagoon of Araxos and the other in the estuary of Evinos River. The objective of the study was the use of the results in order to contribute in the species’ rational and successful management and in the development of an aquaculture industry in Greece. For this aim species were randomly sampled every two weeks in a three-year period. The results showed that the two populations differ significantly regarding increase and mortality, while the differences in their reproductive behaviour are less important. Specifically the population in the lagoon of Araxos shows excellent characteristics regarding increase and reproduction, supporting the opinion that an attempt of intensive culture of this species in our country would be crowned with success. Also we obtained important informations that concern the ethology of the species and its behavior in stress situations.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-191).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1996. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-138). Also available on the World Wide Web.