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This study was an investigation of the Ball State University Counseling Practicum Clinic in terms of client expectation, client satisfaction, and the relationship between client personality characteristics and client satisfaction. Specifically, this study attempted to (1) identify and compare the expectations in the cognitive and affective domains that clients have when they come for counseling within the three clinic counselor assignment groups, (2) determine the extent of satisfaction in the cognitive and affective domains within the three clinic counselor assignment groups as a result of counseling, (3) investigate whether or not there is a significant relationship between client personality characteristics and client satisfaction in the cognitive and affective domains within each of the three clinic counselor assignment groups, (4) analyze the responses of the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire, and (5) describe client demographic characteristics within the three clinic counselor assignment groups in the cognitive and affective domains.Subjects in this study were volunteer clients seeking psychological counseling at the Ball State University Counseling Practicum Clinic during the Winter Quarter, 1975-1976, and the first five weeks of Spring Quarter, 1976.The data collected for each subject came from the following sources: (1) the Client Expectancy Inventory (CEI), (2) the Inventory of Fulfillment of Client's Expectancy (IFCE), (3) the California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and (4) the Client Satisfaction Questionnaire (CSQ).The data were treated by one-way multivariate analysis of variance, multiple regression analysis, and descriptive techniques. No differences were detected in either client expectations or client satisfactions within the three clinic counselor assignment groups in the cognitive and affective domains. Also, no significant association between cognitive and affective domain satisfaction scores and group membership was detected nor did any of the CPI scale scores provide a significant amount of additional explained variation in the client satisfaction scores. The clients within the three clinic counselor assignment groups indicated that their counseling experience had been moderately to slightly satisfactory. And, client demographic characteristics did not offer any significant information in predicting client satisfaction.Under the constraints of the study, the following conclusions were drawn.1. There was no significant difference in expectations among the clients in the cognitive and affective domains who were assigned to counselors with various levels of supervised training. 2. No association was found between entering expectations of clients and the extent of client reported satisfaction in the three clinic counselor assignment groups in the cognitive and affective domains.3. Clients of the advanced and post-advanced counselor groups reported the same level of satisfaction in the cognitive and affective domains as did the less severe clients who werecounseled by counselors with less supervised training.4. No association was found between a subset of premeasured personality characteristics and client reported satisfaction in the cognitive and affective domains.5. No association was found between group membership and client reported satisfaction in the cognitive and affective domains.6. Clients reported that their counseling experiences had been from moderately successful to successful. Also clients reported that they were either somewhat satisfied or satisfied with their counseling experience at the Ball State University Counseling Practicum Clinic. The above conclusions hold true irregardless of the (1) sublevel of the demographic characteristic investigated, (2) clinic counselor assignment group, or (3) cognitive or affective domain to which clients were classified.5

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 1998. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-263). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL:http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ27360.

One purpose of this study was to present a theoretical model for research in counseling, involving matching counselor and client variables, expressed as: Counselor effectiveness is a function of the interaction of counselor characteristics and client characteristics. The second purpose, examination of the interaction effect of counselor and client variables in the counseling relationship, was an application of the model. The counselor and client characteristic selected was dogmatism; and the experimental problem was to determine if the overall effectiveness of a counseling interaction is significantly influenced by matching counselor and client on dogmatism level.Volunteers were solicited from seven classes of a graduate level counseling course taught concurrently in a counselor education program for Americans stationed with the United States Military in West Germany. This sample was administered the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, Form E, to determine dogmatism level for matching counselor-client dyads. The mean of the total sample of scores obtained on this scale, 127.1, divided the sample into two groups, 72 low and 73 high dogmatic subjects.Based on the scores from this instrument, the 145 subjects were randomly matched with persons of either similar or dissimilar dogmatism levels according to the high and low dogmatic pools in each class. In the matching procedure, the subjects were also randomly assigned to one of two roles, counselor or client. This procedure produced four different dyad-type groups:counselor low dogmatic / client low dogmatic; (2) counselor low dogmatic / client high dogmatic; (3) counselor high dogmatic / client low dogmatic;(4) counselor high dogmatic / client high dogmatic.One week after the initial testing for dogmatism levels, the students were again asked to voluntarily participate in an experimental study. From these 109 male and female volunteers, 54 dyads formed by the earlier matching procedure were given audio-cassette tapes with their assigned roles and instructions regarding these roles. They then taped a 30 minute counseling session. After two dyads were deselected for statistical purposes, there were thirteen dyads in each of the four dyad-type groups. Subjects were debriefed following the experiment and anonymity was guarded throughout the study.To investigate counselor effectiveness, the Gross Facilitative Interpersonal Functioning Scale was used to rate counseling effectiveness. Four male and five female raters were trained in the use of the scale. Three 3-minute segments from each of the 30 minute taped sessions were rated from three master tapes, three raters per tape. Criteria were specified for the 3-minute segments and the recording of the master tapes.Analyses of the three hypotheses of the study, using a two-way analysis of variance, showed no main effect significance and a significant interaction effect. Analysis of the interaction effect and additional post hoc analysis indicated a significant interaction effect based on similarity of dogmatism levels in counselor-client dyads when compared to dissimilarly matched counselor-client dyads.When the conclusions of the study were viewed in the context of the theoretical model, it appeared that the matching model may be a useful construct for future research in counseling. In view of the problem of this study, the findings indicated that counselor effectiveness maybe a function of the interaction of similar counselor and client dogmatism levels and not a function of a particular dogmatism level in either counselor or client. If supported by further research, the implication of this finding is that counseling effectiveness might be enhanced by considering counselor and client level of dogmatism when client assignments are made and by matching counselor and client on dogmatism level.

This thesis examines demographic data from 1358 clients from a mental health center in Anderson, Indiana in terms of the client's discharge record. It was hypothesized that there would be demographic data identified that would increase the therapist's ability to predict those most likely to drop from therapy. Support was obtained for this hypothesis, suggesting the client's socioeconomic status as the most reliable source of dropout identification.It was also hoped that by incorporating the cooperation of therapists in completing a questionnaire, particular therapist behaviors would be identified as effective tools in returning a dropout back to therapy. Therapist's demographic data were also to be examined in an attempt to suggest characteristics that may dispose a client toward premature termination. Unfortunately, obtaining the cooperation of the therapists proved more difficult than anticipated. Possible explanations were discussed in the transcript. Future research directions are also discussed.

This descriptive study was directed toward counselor perceived usefulness of client ego level assessment in the counseling process. The specific intention of the study was to determine if counselors in training would use, and find useful, a differential counseling methodology that proposed specific psychotherapy models correlated to the client's pre-therapy ego level assessment.The subjects for the research were drawn from counselors in training, enrolled in the M.A. and Ed.D. programs at the Ball State University Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services. The sample counselor population consisted of 31 counselors who agreed to participate in the study after being selected randomly.Following a review of literature related to differential counseling research, the Loevinger-Wessler Ego Development Inventory was selected to administer to clients presenting themselves for psychological counseling at the Ball State University Practicum Clinic during Spring Quarter, 1976. This instrument was administered to all clients prior to intake procedures. The results of the client ego level assessment as well as proposed psychotherapy models for the individual client data were made available to the appropriate counselors for treatment of randomly selected clients. During the final week of Spring Quarter, 19?6, the sample counselor population were asked to respond to a researcher designed questionnaire of 22 items, as well as the Loevinger-Wessler Ego Development Inventory. The questionnaire was designed to assess the counselor's perceptions of the use and usefulness of the client ego level data. The Loevinger-Wessler Ego Development Inventory assessment was to determine if any correlation existed between a counselor's ego level assessment and their use or non-use of the client ego level data. Additionally, the Loevinger-Wessler Ego Development Inventory was used to provide one counselor main effect factor for a statistical model using multivariate analysis of qualitative data to identify factors that contribute significantly as being able to predict which counselor variables would cause-counselor use of client ego level data in the counseling process.These data were collected and reported in a descriptive context, with the responses to questionnaire items being reported by number and percentage. The contingency model using multivariate analysis of qualitative data was tested for goodness of fit, and statistical conclusions were drawn. The conclusions drawn from this study included:1. Of the total sample counselor population, 77.4% of the respondents reported using the proposed therapy models at least /4 of the counseling time or more. The counselor population appeared to be willing to use the proposed treatment models, although their preferred psychotherapy orientation may have been other than the proposed therapy models.2. Of the total sample counselor population, 93.5% of the respondents reported the proposed therapy models for their clients as being useful 34 or more of the counseling time, indicating that the sample counselor population viewed the client ego level data and proposed therapy models as being worthwhile methodology for differential counseling. 3. The respondents reported that in comparison to their total client population for whom there was no preassessment data available, 25.9% reported more therapy progress for those clients for whom the client ego level data was available. The majority of the sample counselor population reported about the same progress for their entire client population. The conclusion was reached that a trend exists for this differential counseling strategy as being helpful for client therapy progress. 4. The conclusion was drawn that advanced or beginning client assignment for counselors in training in the sample population was not a significant variable in determining which group of counselors made more use of the client ego level data. 5. The conclusion was drawn that advanced or beginning client assignment for counselors in training in the sample population was not a significant variable in determining which group of counselors perceived the client ego level data as useful. 6. The conclusion was drawn that the variables of counselor ego level or counselor client assignment are equally effective in predicting counselor. 7. The conclusion was drawn that there were no significant differences in use of client ego level data between the two counselor ego level assessment groups.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-153).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-200). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-200). Also available on the Internet.

The aim of this study was to provide an account of the power relations that are implicit in the experience of clients who initially withhold but eventually disclose a sensitive issue in the psychotherapeutic dialogue. Mainstream psychotherapeutic literature has maintained that clients who withhold sensitive material implicitly express a psychological powerlessness. The literature review also turned attention to an alternative view, not arising from within the psychotherapeutic literature. Specific reference was made to the work of Foucault who suggests that although clients may appear to be empowered through self-disclosure, they are in fact constrained, since disclosing themselves constitutes. an appropriation of selfunderstanding which forecloses openness to other forms of self-understanding. The tension between these conflicting accounts about the relation of self-disclosure to empowerment was discussed as an issue requiring further exploration through clinical research. A phenomenologically orientated research method was used to describe the experiences of five clients who withheld and subsequently disclosed sensitive issues in psychotherapy. These descriptions yielded a thematically differentiated process of psychological change. The structure of client inhibition and self-disclosure was seen to correspond to the concepts of powerlessness and empowerment outlined in the psychotherapeutic literature. The apparent empowerment of clients during self-disclosure casts doubt on Foucault's perspective. However, on further reflection and through a review of the research method, it became apparent that the lack of support for Foucault's perspective was a consequence of the particular research method used rather than an indication of the non-existence of constraint. Ricoeur's hermeneutic phenomenology was used to develop the above methodological critique. Using this alternative approach the researcher critically evaluated the findings of the phenomenological study. This facilitated a reinterpretation of the clinical material. It emerged that the experience of empowerment represents a particular form of selfunderstanding, and it was shown, in relation to the clinical material, how this can indeed as Foucault suggests (because of its very specificity) constrain the client from understanding him/herself in alternative ways. It was revealed that the experience of empowerment is a necessary but limited component of successful client disclosure. This does not, however, go far enough. It was suggested that ideally, critical reflection on the constraints of self-understanding, rather than self-disclosure per se, should be regarded as the destination of the urge to self-disclosure.