À quel point les mouvements humains sont-ils optimaux ? Cette thèse aborde cette question en se concentrant particulièrement sur les mouvements en escalade, étudiés ici sous trois aspects complémentaires que sont la collecte expérimentale de séquences de grimpe, l'analyse biomécanique de ces données, et la synthèse de gestes par optimisation temporelle. La marche fut l'objet de nombreux travaux, avec de bons résultats notamment en animation [Mordatch 2013]. Nous nous intéressons ici spécialement au problème original des mouvements d'escalade, dont la diversité et leur caractère multicontact présentent une complexité intéressante pour l'évaluation des caractéristiques du mouvement humain. L'hétérogénéité du répertoire gestuel rencontrée en escalade s'explique par plusieurs facteurs que sont l'évolution sur des parois de formes variées, la multiplicité des niveaux d'expertise des pratiquants, et des disciplines différentes au sein même de l'activité, à savoir le bloc, la difficulté, ou encore l'escalade de vitesse. Notre démarche d'exploration de ce sport se décompose en trois étapes : la collecte de données par une capture de mouvements multicaméra avec marqueurs, couplée à un ensemble de capteurs de force montés sur un mur de bloc en laboratoire ; une analyse du geste par dynamique inverse, prenant exclusivement des données cinématiques pour entrées, basée sur une minimisation des couples internes pour résoudre l'ambiguïté du multicontact, intrinsèque à l'activité d'escalade, validée par comparaison avec les mesures capteurs ; et enfin, l'utilisation d'un critère d'efficacité énergétique pour synthétiser la meilleure temporisation associée à une séquence de déplacements donnés. Les enregistrements expérimentaux se sont fait à l'université McGill qui dispose d'un mur instrumenté de 6 capteurs de forces, et d'un dispositif de capture de mouvements 24 caméras, nous ayant permis de collecter des données sur une population de 9 sujets. L'analyse de ces données constitue la deuxième partie de cette thèse. Le défi abordé est de retrouver les forces externes et les efforts internes à partir uniquement des déplacements du grimpeur. Nous supposons pour cela une répartition optimale des efforts internes. Après analyse, cette répartition s'avère être plutôt uniforme que proportionnelle aux capacités musculaires des différentes articulations du corps. Finalement, dans une troisième et dernière partie, nous nous intéressons à la temporisation des gestes en escalade, en prenant en entrée la trajectoire du grimpeur, éventuellement issue de cinématique inverse pour s'affranchir de la nécessité d'une capture par marqueurs et caméras infra-rouges. En sortie, une temporisation idéale pour cette trajectoire est trouvée. Cette temporisation s'avère réaliste, mais manque d'une modélisation des instants d'hésitation et de prise de décision, ainsi que d'un modèle d'établissements de contact, phénomène présentant un délai temporel non pris en compte pour l'instant. / How optimal are human movements ? This thesis tackles this issue by focusing especially on climbing movements, studied here under three complementary aspects which are the experimental gathering of climbing sequences, the biomechanical analysis of these data, and the synthesis of gestures by timing optimization. Walking has been largely studied, with good results in animation [Mordatch 2013]. We are interested here especially in the original question of climbing motions, whose diversity and multicontact aspect present an interesting complexity for the evaluation of the human motion characteristics. The heterogeneity of climbing gestures can be linked to several factors which are the variety of wall shapes, the multiplicity of climber skill levels, and different climbing categories, namely bouldering, route climbing or speed climbing. Our exploratory approach of this sport consists in three steps: the data collection by multicamera marker-based motion capture, combined with a set of force sensors mounted on an in-laboratory bouldering wall; a gesture analysis by inverse dynamics, taking only kinematic data as inputs, based on the minimization of internal torques to resolve the multicontact ambiguity, intrinsic to the climbing activity, validated by comparison with sensor measurements; and finally, the use of the energy efficiency criterion for synthesizing the best timing associated with a given sequence of movements. Experimental recordings were made at McGill University which has a climbing wall instrumented of 6 force sensors, and a motion capture device of 24 cameras, which allowed us to collect data on a population of nine subjects. The analysis of these data is the second part of this thesis. The addressed challenge is to find the external forces and internal torques from the climber's movements only. To this end we assume an optimal distribution of internal torques. After analysis, the distribution turns out to be rather uniform than proportional to the muscle capacity associated to each body joint. Finally, in a third and last part, we focus on the timing of climbing gestures, taking as input the path of the climber, possibly after inverse kinematics in order to overcome the need for a capture with markers and infrared cameras. As output, an optimal timing for this path is found. This timing is realistic, but lacks of a modelization for hesitation and decision making instants, as well as a model for the contact establishment, with the associated temporal delay currently not taken into account.

Orientador: João Batista Aparecido / Banca: Emanuel Rocha Woiski / Banca: Luis Carlos de Castro Santos / Resumo: Desenvolveu-se neste trabalho a implementação computacional de um algoritmo genético. Este se constituiu de uma população inicial sobre a qual agem quatro operadores fundamentais: seleção, "crossover", substituição e mutação, e produz uma nova população. Sobre a qual agem novamente os operadores genéticos, e assim sucessivamente produzindo uma seqüência de populações. O operador seleção foi implementado em três algoritmos básicos: roda da roleta, amostragem estatística universal e torneio. O "crossover" também foi desenvolvido em algumas opções: um ponto, dois pontos, múltiplos pontos, e uniforme. A substituição de indivíduos da população pelos filhos ocorre de três maneiras básicas: dos pais, dos menos aptos, e dos indivíduos sorteados aleatoriamente. A mutação ocorre de apenas uma maneira. Inicialmente, o algoritmo genético foi executado em computador de maneira seqüencial. Resolveu-se um conjunto de problemas de otimização multidimensional e também o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante (TSP - Traveler Salesman Problem). Fez-se um estudo paramétrico dos vários parâmetros que aparecem no algoritmo genético, tais como: tamanho da população, número de gerações, taxa de seleção, probabilidade de mutação, e taxa de elitismo. No caso de problemas de otimização multidimensional a representação do cromossomo de cada indivíduo é binária, já no caso do TSP a representação é inteira decimal. Em ambos os casos da otimização multidimensional e do TSP também foi utilizada a técnica de hill-climbing visando aumentar a taxa de convergência da solução. A técnica de janelamento foi utilizada somente no caso de otimização multidimensional, também visando aumentar a taxa de convergência. Posteriormente, o algoritmo genético foi executado também em processamento computacional paralelo, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: It was developed in this work the computational implementation of a genetic algorithm. That is constituted of an initial population upon which act four basic operators: selection, crossover, substitution and mutation, producing a new population. Upon which act again the genetic operators, and thus, successively, producing a sequence of populations. The operator selection was implemented in three basic algorithms: roulette wheel, stochastic universal sampling, and tournament. The crossover also was developed in some options: one point, two points, several points, and uniform. Substitution of individuals from the population by the newborns happens in three basic ways: the fathers, the less apt, and the individuals sorted randomly. Mutation happens in only one manner. Initially, the genetic algorithm was processed sequentially in the computer. It was solved a set of multidimensional optimization problems and also the Traveler Salesman Problem - TSP. It was done a parametric study of the several parameters that appear in the genetic algorithm, such as: population size, number of generations, selection rate, mutation probability, and elitism rate. In the case of multidimensional optimization problems the chromosome representation of each individual is binary, but in the case of TSP the representation is integer decimal. In both cases of multidimensional optimization and TSP also it were used the hill-climbing technique aiming to increase the solution convergence rate. The windowing technique was used just for the multidimensional optimization case, also aiming to increase the convergence rate. Lately, the genetic algorithm was also performed in a computational parallel processing mode, using several computers linked by a net. In each computer it was executed one genetic algorithm upon a local population. The interaction among several populations was done through the migration ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

The main aim of the thesis is to answer the question whether rock climbing, as a sport leisure time activity, can offer values substantial for life. The fundamental chapter, which is focused on rock climbing values, consists of two parts. The first theoretical part presents a few examples of values that are important for rock climbing. The practical part is based on a survey carried out among rock climbers. Both parts come to the conclusion that rock climbing is inspiring for rock-climbers as well as non-climbers. However, it is the courage to take responsibility for life that is essential for it to be fully-fledged, and only for such a person is rock climbing an inspiring activity.

This diploma thesis focueses on a composition of training simple gymnastic exercises including bar and balance beam exercises and climbing for students of an elementary school and its use in practice. This methodology was applied to a chosen class of an elementary school. The main aims were to find the level of skills through the input tests then to make a progress after application of the composed methodology and finally to find the level of skills through the output tests. The thesis consists of 20 complete lesson plans of the particular lessons just as they were done. It should open up the issue of training simple gymnastic skills and to help teachers to make their P. E. Lessons attractive.

Considerando a necessidade de antipsicóticos mais seguros e eficazes, uma série de derivados N-fenilpiperazínicos funcionalizados e N-benziltiazolidínicos foi planejada e sintetizada pelo Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio-UFRJ) (LASSBio-1412, LASSBio-1413, LASSBio-1414, LASSBio-1415 e LASSBio-1422) e pelo Grupo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica (GPIT-UFPe) (FPY-1, FPY-2, FPY-3, FPY-5, FPY-6, FPT-1, FPT-2, FPT-4, FPW-1), respectivamente. Objetivos: selecionar os derivados com potencial atividade antipsicótica através do ensaio de climbing induzido por apomorfina, um modelo preditivo de sintomas positivos da esquizofrenia. Avaliar a ocorrência de efeitos motores e neurotoxicidade por catatonia e rota-rod. Avaliar possíveis efeitos adversos por locomoção e tempo de sono barbitúrico. Verificar o perfil de afinidade a receptores através de ensaios de binding. Métodos: para os ensaios de binding foram utilizados cérebros de ratos Wistar para os receptores D2-like, 5-HT1A e 5-HT2A e fígado de coelho e rato para os receptores α1A e α1B. Camundongos CF1 machos foram utilizados para os testes in vivo. As substâncias foram testadas no modelo de climbing induzido por apomorfina e apenas às substâncias capazes de inibir climbing foi dado continuidade ao estudo. Resultados: LASSBio-1412, LASSBio-1413, LASSBio-1422, FPT-2, FPT-4 e FPY-3 inibiram climbing, sem induzir sinais de catatonia, comprometimento motor, alteração do comportamento exploratório e efeito hipnótico-sedativo. Um estudo dose-resposta (0,5 - 30 mg/kg, v.o.) dessas substâncias indicou LASSBio-1412 como o composto mais potente in vivo. In vitro, observou-se que os derivados N-fenilpiperazínicos possuem uma moderada afinidade pelos receptores estudados, demonstrando um perfil de ligação multirreceptor; semelhante aos antipsicóticos atípicos. Por outro lado, os derivados N-benziltiazolidínicos possuem baixa afinidade por esses receptores, sugerindo um mecanismo de ação diferente. Conclusão: Essas moléculas podem representar protótipos promissores para o desenvolvimento de novos antipsicóticos. / Considering that more effective and safer drugs to treat schizophrenia are still needed a series of functionalized N-phenylpiperazines and N-benziltiazolidines derivatives were planned and synthesized by Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas Group (LASSBio/UFRJ): (LASSBio-1412, LASSBio-1413, LASSBio-1414, LASSBio-1415 and LASSBio-1422), and Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Group/UFPE: (FPY-1, FPY-2, FPY-3, FPY-5, FPY-6, FPT-1, FPT-2, FPT-4, FPW-1), respectively. The aim of this study was to search the derivatives with potential antipsychotic activity through apomorphine-induced climbing test and binding receptor assaying as well as to evaluate their potential extrapyramidal sideeffects and neurotoxicity by catatonia and rota-rod tests. Adverse effects were also evaluated by open-field test and barbiturate sleeping time. Methods: Binding assays to D2-like, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A receptors were performed in brain rat regions and binding to α1A and α1B receptors were performed in rabbit and rat liver, respectively. All compounds were initially tested by mice apomorphine-induced climbing and only those able to inhibit climbing were selected to further studies. Results: LASSBio- 1412, LASSBio-1413, LASSBio-1422, FPT-2, FPT-4 and FPY-3 inhibited climbing without inducing catatonic behavior, general motor impairment, exploratory behavior alterations or hypnotic-sedative effect. A dose-responde study pointed LASSBio- 1412 as the most potent compound in vivo. In vitro, the N-fenilpiperazines derivatives demonstrated a moderate affinity to the studied receptors, demonstrating a multireceptor profile characteristic of atypical antipsychotics. In a different way, the Nbenziltizolidines derivatives have a low affinity to these receptors, suggesting that these compounds could be acting through a different action mechanism. Conclusion: These compounds are promising molecules to antipsychotics development.

In recent decades the teaching and learning of physics in secondary schools have been widely discussed. In academia many proposed changes are described by experts. The use of computers as a teaching tool in education, favors the construction of physical knowledge, breaking stigmas where the teacher moves the position of the owner and developer of knowledge to mediator of learning. Observing the growing interest of young people by computers and the introduction of educational computing in schools, developed the thesis within the research line Digital Technologies in the Teaching of Science and Mathematics, in order to encourage educators and learners regarding the use of educational technologies Kinematics and learning. This research investigates facilitating the development of the learning process Cinematic using an educational approach that values learning articulating the operational and pedagogical use of the Software Modellus. So, we left for a pedagogical action, which was conceived and developed with the students of the 3rd year of high school, a state school in the city of Cascavel - Ce. To effect it was designed an educational approach , basing himself on some theoretical assumptions : David Ausubel (Theory of Meaningful Learning), Joseph Novak (Concept Maps), Armando Valente (The pedagogical use of computers, according to the constructivist approach) and Almeida (model learning development , constructed by the learner and aided by the interactive use of the computer ) . To proceed with the development of research, this researcher - educator adopted a qualitative research approach and characteristics of action research. To realize the pedagogical practice, we conducted 16 classes divided into two phases, totaling 32 class hours, the first being to diagnose prior knowledge using a traditional methodology with lectures, questionnaires, pre -and post - tests. The second phase aimed to develop a methodology for collaborative learning applied to the use of software to work Modellus the construction of charts, tables, and animations with students in the computer lab. We conclude that such a strategy favored constructivist learning and education process. / Nas Ãltimas dÃcadas o ensino e aprendizagem de FÃsica nas escolas secundÃrias tÃm sido amplamente discutidos. Nos meios acadÃmicos muitas propostas de mudanÃas sÃo apontadas por especialistas. A utilizaÃÃo do computador como ferramenta pedagÃgica na educaÃÃo, favorece a construÃÃo dos conhecimentos fÃsicos, quebrando estigmas onde o professor passa da posiÃÃo de dono do conhecimento para colaborador e mediador da aprendizagem. Ao observar o crescente interesse dos jovens por computadores e a introduÃÃo da informÃtica educativa nas escolas, desenvolvemos a dissertaÃÃo dentro da linha de pesquisa Tecnologias Digitais no Ensino de CiÃncias e MatemÃtica, com a finalidade de fomentar educadores e educandos, quanto ao uso das tecnologias de ensino e aprendizagem de CinemÃtica. A presente pesquisa investiga a facilitaÃÃo do desenvolvimento do processo de aprendizagem de CinemÃtica utilizando uma metodologia educacional que valoriza a aprendizagem articulando-se o uso operacional e pedagÃgico do Software Modellus. Assim, partimos para uma aÃÃo pedagÃgica, que foi concebida e desenvolvida junto aos alunos do 3Â ano do Ensino MÃdio, numa escola estadual da cidade de Cascavel-Ce. Para efetivÃ-la, foi concebida uma proposta educativa, fundamentando-se em alguns pressupostos teÃricos: David Ausubel (Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa), Joseph Novak (Mapas Conceituais), Armando Valente (O uso pedagÃgico do computador, segundo a proposta construtivista) e Almeida (Modelo de desenvolvimento da aprendizagem, construÃdo pelo aluno e auxiliado pelo uso interativo do computador). Para proceder ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa, o presente pesquisador-educador adotou uma abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa e com caracterÃsticas de pesquisa-aÃÃo. Para efetivar a prÃtica pedagÃgica, realizamos 16 aulas, subdivididas em duas fases, totalizando 32 horas aulas, sendo a primeira para diagnosticar os conhecimentos prÃvios utilizando uma metodologia tradicional com aulas expositivas, aplicaÃÃo de questionÃrios, prÃ-teste e pÃs-testes. A segunda fase visava desenvolver uma metodologia de aprendizagem colaborativa aplicada ao uso do software Modellus para trabalhar a construÃÃo de grÃficos, tabelas e animaÃÃes junto aos alunos no laboratÃrio de informÃtica. ConcluÃmos que tal estratÃgia favoreceu a aprendizagem e o processo de educaÃÃo construtivista.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-11-17T16:18:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denner Monteiro de Carvalho - 2017.pdf: 49512193 bytes, checksum: dce0c13146977219335b29250e4960d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-11-20T10:11:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denner Monteiro de Carvalho - 2017.pdf: 49512193 bytes, checksum: dce0c13146977219335b29250e4960d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-20T10:11:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Denner Monteiro de Carvalho - 2017.pdf: 49512193 bytes, checksum: dce0c13146977219335b29250e4960d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-28 / The present work presents the development of a computational tool for the optimization of processes in the elaboration of electromechanical projects of conventional electricity distribution networks. The current process of elaboration of distribution network projects that has significant topographical interferences is slow and depends on software with a technological lag that requires post processing of the data to generate the final project, besides demanding specific technical knowledge and too much elaboration time. This elaboration time, as well as the errors occurred in the post-processing stage, hinder the approval process of the projects in the electric power concessionaires, and delay the connection of final consumers. For modeling the process, the typologies of the terrain where the network path is to be determined through surveys of the topographic data are verified first. Afterwards, mechanical forces and stresses are observed in each type of electromechanical structure, defining the minimum mounting distances in compliance with related technical norms, as well as incident variables such as wind speed and mechanical variations of the conductors during the operation. The modeling of the decision variables is applied a recursive heuristic method with the application of the Hill Climbing optimization method, which sweeps the entire line defined by topography, performing the mechanical evaluations and calculations with the optimization of technical budget criteria, generating uniform solutions and Automated. The tool obtained is developed in Web platform with friendly interface and updated, and can be used through any browser. The software, besides providing the elaboration of the project with embedded normative criteria, can be easily used for project analysis, providing integrated visualization of the planialtimetric profiles through Google Maps, optimizing the process of visual evaluation. / O presente trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento de um método computacional destinado à otimização de processos na elaboração de projetos eletromecânicos de redes de distribuição convencional de energia elétrica. O processo atual de elaboração de projetos de redes de distribuição que possui interferências topográficas é lento e depende de softwares com defasagem tecnológica que necessitam de pós processamento dos dados para gerar o projeto final, além de demandar conhecimento técnico específico e demasiado tempo de elaboração. Esse tempo de elaboração, bem como os erros ocorridos na etapa de pós processamento, dificultam o processo de aprovação dos projetos nas concessionárias de energia elétrica, e atrasam a ligação dos consumidores finais. Para modelagem do processo, são verificados primeiramente as tipologias do terreno onde se deseja definir o caminhamento da rede através de levantamentos dos dados topográficos. Após, são observados os esforços e solicitações mecânicas pontualmente em cada tipo de estrutura eletromecânica, definindo as distâncias mínimas de montagem em observância às normas técnicas relacionadas, e também, variáveis incidentes como a velocidade do vento e variações mecânicas dos condutores durante a operação. Realizada a modelagem das variáveis de decisão é aplicado um método heurístico recursivo com a aplicação do método de otimização Hill Climbing, que varre toda a linha definida pela topografia, realizando as avaliações e cálculos mecânicos com a otimização de critérios técnicos orçamentários, gerando soluções uniformizadas e automatizadas. O método computacional é desenvolvido em plataforma Web com interface amigável e atualizada, podendo ser utilizada através de um navegador qualquer. O software além de proporcionar a elaboração do projeto com critérios normativos embutidos, pode ser facilmente utilizada para análise de projetos, proporcionando visualização integrada dos perfis planialtimétricos através Google Maps, otimizando o processo de avaliação visual.

Lygodium microphyllum, native to the Old World tropics, has invaded central and southern Florida, destroying native habitats, reducing biodiversity and altering fire regimes. Prescribed fire, one of several methods used to manage L. microphyllum infestations, reduces fern biomass over large areas, but its effects on spore viability are unknown. To provide tools to evaluate whether fire-dispersed spores are viable, this research determined how heat affects spore viability. Spores were exposed to temperatures of 50°C to 300°C for durations of 5 seconds to 1 hour, then allowed to germinate on agar in petri plates. Percent germination was assayed after two weeks. Temperatures of 50°C had little effect; 300°C killed spores for all durations. Results indicate that while viability of unburnt spores decreases with increasing temperature and duration of heat exposure, spores are killed when exposed to relatively low temperatures compared to those in fires.

This Master´s thesis deals with creating a business plan, which covers the construction of a climbing centre in Vrchlabí. The goal of the thesis is to assess the feasibility of the project based on the created business plan. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first, theoretical part, deals with a difference between an entrepreneur and a relationship of employment, reasons to run a business, but above all, reasons for creating a business plan and its structure. The practical part includes a business plan itself with a detailed structure of the whole project, a financial plan and all necessary steps and actions that need to be done for its successful realization. The greatest emphasis is placed on the analysis of potential customers as a key factor of the success of the project. Evaluation of the project profitability and success in existing conditions comes in the conclusion of the thesis.

The topic of this master's thesis is the revitalization of the former Spartakiad stadium. Nowadays it functions as a sports complex Ohrada, which is in neglected condition and not widely used. The area is located at the southern edge of the city Vsetín and is defined by a 1st class road from the northeast, Vsetínská Bečva from the western and agricultural areas from the southern side. Above Bečva, the Bečevná hill rises and together they create a pleasant, out-of-town atmosphere with a great potential. The priority of the proposal was to create an attractive place with a variety of sports and recreational activities for all ages. However, at the beginning it was necessary to somehow insulate the area from the overpass. Therefore a sports and recreation facility was designed at the entrance to the area - it copies the shape of the road and forms an imaginary entrance gate to the zone. A car park was designed under the overpass, so the rest of the area remained exclusively for pedestrians. Sufficient distances among the individual sports grounds are supplemented by recreational areas of greenery. Most playgrounds are designed as multi-purpose, for greater variability of the territory. The buildings have a maximum of two floors and they are located in a way not to disturb the views of the recreational areas. They contain sports facilities as well as a wide range of interior activities. Three materials are used on all the buildings - wood, steel and glass, complemented by neutral white plaster. Therefore, the area operates in a comprehensive and uniform manner.