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Female apparel shopping behaviour within a multi-cultural consumer society : variables, market segments, profiles and implicationsDu Preez, R. Ronel) 12 1900 (has links)
Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society is a complex
phenomenon. This study set out to identify the variables that influence female apparel
shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society and to determine whether
distinct clusters of female apparel shoppers could be identified.
Three theoretical models from the two study disciplines, Consumer Behaviour and
Clothing and Textiles, were investigated, i.e. the Sproles Model of Fashion Adoption,
the Engel-Blackwell-Miniard Model of Consumer Decision-Process Behaviour and De
Klerk's Clothing Consumer Decision-making Model. These models were synthesised
and developed further into a new conceptual theoretical model of variables influencing
female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society. The Macro
conceptual theoretical model presented the variables under market dominated
variables, market and consumer interaction variables and consumer dominated
variables. The scope of the study was delimited by the choice of two primary variables
under each classification, for further investigation. The variables investigated were:
the place of distribution, the apparel product, shopping orientation, patronage
behaviour, socio-cultural influences (family, lifestyle and culture) and demographics.
An overview of the South African apparel industry was provided and future trends in
retailing were highlighted. Literature on shopping orientation as a variable was
extensively studied, resulting in a proposed new classification system. Lifestyle and
cultural consciousness, i.e. the individualist and collectivist orientation, and the impact
thereof on female apparel shopping behaviour were investigated.
Data for this exploratory study were generated by means of a store-intercept research
method. A questionnaire was developed and trained fieldworkers undertook in-store
interviews with approximately eight hundred female apparel shoppers representative of
three population groups, African/black, coloured and white. The data analysis yielded
acceptable questionnaire reliability and multivariate statistics showed shopping
orientation and lifestyle to be multi-dimensional constructs with three components
each. The three shopping orientation components were labelled shopping selfconfidence
and enjoyment; credit-prone, brand-conscious and fashion innovator and local store patronage. A Yuppie lifestyle, apparel-orientated lifestyle and a traditional
lifestyle were the three labels ascribed to the lifestyle components.
Three clusters of female apparel shoppers were formed by means of cluster analysis,
according to the three components of lifestyle and shopping orientation respectively,
the two cultural consciousness scales and eleven patronage behaviour items. A
demographic profile of each cluster completed the typology of the three female apparel
shopper groups. Group one was the largest (49%) and was labelled Actualisers.
Group two (28%) was labelled Strugglers and group three (22%) Aspirationals. The
female apparel shopper could therefore be successfully segmented into distinct market
segments with statistically significant differences in profiles. The profiles showed
similarities to international and South African typology research. The results are
presented in a conceptual model.
The following main implications for manufacturers, marketers, retailers, researchers,
educators and students can be stated:
.:. Knowledge regarding consumers will be of paramount importance for survival in the
competitive and more globally orientated 21st century .
•:. The female apparel market is not homogeneous. Different groups of consumers
require different types of products and will evaluate them differently. Modern
technology such as CAD, EDI, QR and CIM should be implemented to assist
stakeholders in this regard. Fashion changes rapidly and if the window of
opportunity is not seized, it is lost .
•:. Different advertising and marketing strategies are necessary to reach the various
female apparel shopper groups. Special attention should be given to advertising
approaches and media vehicles that will gain the attention of the various groups .
•:. Electronic retailing and marketing will form a large part of future retailing and
marketing activities. Stakeholders should be geared towards seizing these
opportunities for growth.
.:. Researchers, educators and students will benefit from the application of the
Conceptual Theoretical Model - a Macro perspective. It could provide a conceptual
framework for curriculum development, be used as an evaluation tool and assist in
the understanding of the complexities of variables impacting on female apparel
shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural consumer society.
Recommendations for future research were made in order to encourage researchers to
research the complex nature of female apparel shopping behaviour in a multi-cultural
consumer society scientifically. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vroueklere aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap is 'n
komplekse fenomeen. Hierdie studie poog om die veranderlikes wat vroueklere
aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap beïnvloed, te identifiseer
en om te bepaal of onderskeibare groepe vroulike verbruikers geïdentifiseer kan word.
Drie teoretiese modelle vanuit die twee dissiplines, naamlik Verbruikersgedrag en
Kleding en Tekstiele, is ondersoek, naamlik: die Sproles Model van Modeaanvaarding
(Sproles Model of Fashion Adoption), die Engel-Blackwell-Miniard model van
Verbruikersbesluitnemingsproses-gedrag (Engel-Blackwell-Miniard Model of Consumer
Decision-Process Behaviour) asook De Klerk se Kledingverbruikerbesluitnemingsmodel.
(De Klerk's Clothing Consumer Decision-making Model). Hierdie modelle is
gesintetiseer en verder ontwikkel tot 'n nuwe konseptueie teoretiese model van
veranderlikes wat vroueklere-aankoopgedrag in 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap
beïnvloed. Die Makro konseptueie teoretiese model orden veranderlikes
onder mark-gedomineerde veranderlikes, mark- en verbruiker-interaksie-veranderlikes
en verbruiker-gedomineerde veranderlikes. Die omvang van die studie is begrens deur
die keuse van twee primêre veranderlikes onder elke groepering vir verdere studie.
Die bestudeerde veranderlikes sluit die volgende in: plek van distribusie, die klereproduk,
aankooporiëntasie, winkelvoorkeurgedrag, sosio-kulturele invloede (familie,
lewenstyl en kultuur) asook demografie. 'n Oorsig van die Suid-Afrikaanse kledingindustrie
word gegee en toekomstige tendense in die kleinhandel word uitgelig.
Literatuur rakende aankooporiëntasie as veranderlike is breedvoerig bestudeer en
resulteer in 'n nuwe klassifikasie stelsel. Lewenstyl en kulturele bewustheid, nl. die
individualistiese versus kollektivistiese oriëntasie, en die impak daarvan op vroue se
klere-aankoopgedrag is ondersoek.
Data vir hierdie verkennende navorsing is verkry deur respondente in winkels te nader
(store-intercept research method). Vir hierdie eksploratiewe studie is 'n vraelys
ontwikkel en opgeleide veldwerkers het onderhoude (binne winkels) met ongeveer
aghonderd vroue klereverbruikers, verteenwoordigend van drie populasie groepe, nl.
Swart, Kleurling en Blank gevoer. Die data ontleding dui op aanvaarbare vraelys
betroubaarheid. Die meervoudige veranderlike statistiek resultate toon aan dat aankooporiëntasie en lewenstyl multi-dimensionele konstrukte is, met onderskeidelik
drie komponente elk. Die drie aankooporiëntasie komponente is benoem as aankoop
selfvertroue en genot (shopping self-confidence and enjoyment); krediet geneigdheid,
handelsmerk bewustheid sowel as mode innoveerder (credit prone, brand conscious
and fashion innovator) en plaaslike winkelvoorkeur (local store patronage). Die Yuppie
lewenstyl (Yuppie lifestyle); klere georienteerde lewenstyl (apparel orientated lifestyle)
en tradisionele lewenstyl (traditional lifestyle) was die drie name wat aan die
lewenstyle komponente toegeskryf is.
Drie groepe vroulike klere aankopers is gevorm met behulp van trosanalise. Die
trosanalise is gedoen op grond van die drie komponente van lewenstyl en
aankooporiëntasie onderskeidelik, die twee kulturele bewustheid skale en die elf
winkelvoorkeur gedrag items. Die tipering van die drie groepe is aangevul deur 'n
demografiese profiel. Groep een was die grootste (49%) en is genoem Aktualiseerders
(Actualisers). Groep twee (28%) is genoem Sukkelaars (StruggIers) en groep drie
(22%) Aspireerders (Aspirationals). Die vroulike klere aankoper kon derhalwe
suksesvol gesegmenteer word in duidelik onderskeibare segmente met statisties
beduidende verskille in die profiele. Die profiele toon ooreenkomste met internasionale
en Suid-Afrikaanse tipologie navorsing.
konseptueie model.
Die resultate word aangetoon in 'n
Die volgende hoof implikasies vir vervaardigers, bemarkers, kleinhandelaars,
navorsers, opvoedkundiges en studente kan gestel word:
.:. Kennis rakende verbruikers sal krities wees vir oorlewing in die kompeterende en
globaal georiënteerde 21ste eeu.
•:. Die vroue klere mark is nie homogeen nie. Verskillende groepe verbruikers vereis
verskillende tipes produkte en sal dit derhalwe verskillende evalueer. Moderne
tegnologie soos rekenaar gesteunde ontwerp, elektroniese data interaksie, vinnige
respons en rekenaar geintegreerde vervaardiging moet geïmplimenteer word ten
einde alle belanghebbendes te ondersteun in hierdie verband. Mode verander
vinnig en indien geleenthede nie aangegryp word nie, is dit verlore .
•:. Verskillende bemarking en reklame strategieë is nodig ten einde die verskillende
groepe vroue klere verbruikers te bereik. Spesifieke aandag moet geskenk word aan die advertensie aanslag en media voertuie wat die aandag van die onderskeie
groepe sal trek .
•:. Elektroniese kleinhandel en bemarking sal 'n groot komponent van die toekomstige
kleinhandel en bemarkingsaktiwiteite beslaan. Belanghebbendes moet ingestel
wees om hierdie geleenthede vir groei aan te gryp .
•:. Navorsers, opvoeders en studente sal voordeel trek uit die toepassing van die
Konseptueie Teoretiese Model - 'n Makro Perspektief. Hierdie model kan dien as 'n
konseptueie raamwerk waarbinne kurrikulering kan plaasvind, asook aangewend
word as evaluasie instrument. Die model kan ook hulp verleen ten einde die
komplekse aard van die veranderlikes wat vroue klere aankoopgedrag beïnvloed in
'n multi-kulturele verbruikergemeenskap, te verstaan.
Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing word gemaak ten einde toekomstige navorsers aan
te moedig om op 'n wetenskaplik verantwoordbare wyse die komplekse aard van
vroueklere-aankoopgedrag binne 'n multi-kulturele verbruikersgemeenskap, na te
vors.
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The importance of store image dimensions in apparel retail : customer and management perceptionsVan der Vyver, Janetta 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm (Industrial Psychology))--Stellenbosch University, 2008. / The apparel retail environment is highly competitive. Products and services that are
easily replicated, together with informed and demanding consumer markets, add to the
complexity of this dynamic, fast changing retail and manufacturing industry. One avenue
that companies explore to differentiate themselves from the competition is by the
development of their corporate identity. A fundamental element of marketing
communication and corporate identity representation is store image, as it is a vehicle that
affects the customers’ perception of the store and the store’s identity. To be able to
invest in store image optimally, retailers should take cognisance of the need to manage
store image in order to increase potential sales.
The purpose of the current study was to expand the existing body of knowledge on retail
store image and the female apparel consumer in the Western Cape with special reference
to the perceived importance of retail store image dimensions. The research question
directing the current study was formulated as follows: How do consumers perceive the
various store image dimensions in apparel retail and how congruent are customers’ and
management’s perceptions of these store image dimensions?
The literature review focuses on the importance of store image for retail differentiation
purposes as well as independent (demographics, lifestyle, shopping orientation) and
dependent variables (patronage behaviour, store loyalty, customer satisfaction) in store
image research. Congruity as well as gap analysis are also discussed as these are the
focus of the research analysis.
The Store Image Scale (SIS) was used as measuring instrument. Management (n -= 14)
and customer (n = 200) samples from a leading apparel retailer were used to measure the
importance of the various store image dimensions. The questionnaire was adapted for the
purpose of reaching all the set empirical objectives. The customer questionnaire included
five sections to measure the ideal and the actual store image and the management questionnaire included two sections to measure management’s perception of the
importance of store image dimensions for customers.
Data was subjected to reliability analysis, descriptive statistics and analysis of variance.
Results indicated that Atmosphere, Merchandise and Service were rated as most
important dimensions according to customer perceptions of the ideal, while Atmosphere,
Promotion and Service were the most important dimensions according to management.
Atmosphere, Convenience and Merchandise were rated as most acceptable by customers.
Due to the nature of the research design congruency analysis was used. The congruency
analysis yielded 29 of the 55 attributes as congruent. The analysis of congruency
between acceptability and importance ratings of customers indicated that the dimensions
Convenience, Institutional and Sales Personnel showed no significant differences. It
therefore was concluded that management’s perception and customers’ perceptions of the
importance of ideal store image are closely related for these dimensions. However,
closer consideration has to be given to the specific attribute design. Significant
differences between management’s and customers’ perceptions were found for the
Promotion, Merchandise and Service dimensions. Based on the results, recommendations
were made to management from which they could infer possible adjustments to the
strategic management of store image dimensions.
This is one of the first academic studies to attempt to provide management with feedback
on the performance of their retail strategy and is therefore exploratory in nature. The
recommendations from the current study could help retailers meet consumer needs, and
thereby create a competitive advantage and unique market position for the store. This
could contribute to building brand equity, store patronage and, consequently, sales, as
well as support the possibility of benchmarking the importance of specific store image
dimensions as retail practices in the chain store apparel sector. This could contribute to
this retailer’s ability to project a store image that meets customers’ expectations while
enforcing the strategic corporate identity.
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Consumer perceptions of service quality of large clothing retailers in the Cape Metropolitan AreaKeevy, Marelize January 2011 (has links)
Thesis( MTech( Marketing Management)) -- Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011 / South Africa’s retail sector is competitive, and is characterized by a tough and uncertain business environment (Barlow, 2002:21). Amidst such challenges, Dotson and Patton (1992:15-28) found that retailers do not deliver desired services to their customers. To ensure competitive survival, retailers should differentiate themselves and continuously seek ways to maximize the value that they offer to their customers (Parikh, 2006:45-55). Service quality has been identified by Berry (1986:1-9) as the most basic strategy for retailers to create competitive advantages and to improve customers’ shopping experience. This study focuses on determining consumer perceptions of service quality of large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area, with the aim of identifying areas for improvement, as well as service quality determinants, which are most important to consumers.Secondary objectives include: to establish consumer expectations in terms of service quality determinants; to establish, which areas of service quality require improvement; to provide recommendations to improve service quality based on findings from the study, and to compare consumer perceptions of service quality amongst ad hoc shoppers against those who have accounts (credit facilities) at various retail stores.
Quantitative research was conducted by means of face-to-face survey research, and includes results from 120 questionnaires. Interviews, which took the form of store intercepts, were conducted outside the entrance of selected retail stores, and took place during the last week of March. Stores were selected through random multi-stage sampling, while respondents were selected through a systematic sampling process. A descriptive research design was used. The content of the questionnaire was developed based on Dabolkar, Thorpe and Rentz’s (1996:3-16) RSQS structure, which captures the dimensions of service quality in retail stores. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software, and was presented numerically by making use of charts. The major findings of the study relates to levels of consumer satisfaction with the existing levels of service quality delivered by large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area for ad-hoc shoppers, as well as account holders. The findings of this study could bring about new strategies for the improvement of service quality among large clothing retailers in the Cape Metropolitan area. These strategies will contribute towards creating a competitive advantage through the use of service quality, and will ultimately contribute towards the long-term success of large clothing retailers within the Cape Metropolitan area.
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A descriptive analysis into South African consumers' intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus counterfeit productsManley, Leanne Lauren 06 1900 (has links)
Counterfeiting is an illegal activity that continues to boom in the 21st century. Many research studies regarding counterfeiting undertaken in the past have had a strong focus on the supply side of the industry, whereas few studies look to consumer demand and even fewer towards consumer demand for counterfeit products in an emerging African market.
The aim of this research study, therefore, was to provide a descriptive analysis of the South African consumers‟ intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus counterfeit products and secondly, to examine if various demographic groupings differ in their purchase intentions. In order to achieve the research objective, an extensive literary review was conducted on the global counterfeit problem with specific focus on the South African counterfeit industry. The concept and value of branding was highlighted, followed by a discussion on consumer behaviour in conjunction with the decision-making process and the consumers‟ intention to purchase. An empirical study was conducted with UNISA students residing within the areas of Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and the Western Cape through a mixed method approach. Qualitative research formed the first leg of the study and assisted in identifying past purchase behaviour of authentic and counterfeit luxury fashion brands. Once identified, these brands were then utilised in a quantitative survey to satisfy the research objectives.
The results of this research study indicate that South African consumers‟ have a high intention to purchase authentic luxury fashion brands versus a low intention to purchase counterfeit products. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)
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