• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 53
  • 19
  • 7
  • 4
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 105
  • 105
  • 30
  • 21
  • 15
  • 15
  • 14
  • 14
  • 14
  • 13
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Changes in Workplaces and Careers

Håkanson, Christina January 2013 (has links)
Organizational Change and Productivity Growth − Evidence from Sweden This paper uses two different firm level surveys matched with employer-employee data to investigate both determinants and effects of different types of organizational change. The results support the competition hypothesis for inducing organizational change. Among the four measures of organizational change investigated in this paper, only delayering shows significant effects on subsequent productivity growth. Firms and Skills: The Evolution of Worker Sorting We document a significant increase in sorting by both cognitive and non-cognitive skill from 1986 to 2008 using data for 28 cohorts of Swedish men. The skill differences within firms have fallen in all major industries while differences in skill between firms have increased. Two main factors drive the increase in sorting. First, workers in high-skilled occupations, such as engineers, have moved to the IT and telecom industries. Second, assortative matching of workers by skill has become more positive. Trading Off or Having it All? Completed Fertility and Mid-career Earnings of Swedish Men and Women Earnings in mid-career and children are two fundamental outcomes of the life-choices of men and women. This paper explores how these outcomes have changed for Swedish men and women born 1945−1962 by documenting changes in education, assortative mating patterns, completed fertility and mid-career earnings and also how the association between children and earnings has changed over time. Solving the Puzzle − Hours Constraints, Technical Change and Female Labor Supply This paper extends the standard theory of labor supply to incorporate an important ingredient in the labor supply decision of today's women: the role of flexibility and time constraints. Using a life-cycle model, I formalize the notion that as technology allows jobs to become more flexible, time constrained individuals can supply more hours and may therefore find it attractive to opt for a more demanding career.
22

Making Good Citizens: Policy Approaches to Increasing Civic Participation

Holbein, John B. January 2016 (has links)
<p>In this dissertation, I explore the impact of several public policies on civic participation. Using a unique combination of school administrative and public–use voter files and methods for causal inference, I evaluate the impact of three new, as of yet unexplored, policies: one informational, one institutional, and one skill–based. Chapter 2 examines the causal effect of No Child Left Behind’s performance-based accountability school failure signals on turnout in school board elections and on individuals’ use of exit. I find that failure signals mobilize citizens both at the ballot box and by encouraging them to vote with their feet. However, these increases in voice and exit come primarily from citizens who already active—thus exacerbating inequalities in both forms of participation. Chapter 3 examines the causal effect of preregistration—an electoral reform that allows young citizens to enroll in the electoral system before turning 18, while also providing them with various in-school supports. Using data from the Current Population Survey and Florida Voter Files and multiple methods for causal inference, I (with my coauthor listed below) show that preregistration mobilizes and does so for a diverse set of citizens. Finally, Chapter 4 examines the impact of psychosocial or so called non-cognitive skills on voter turnout. Using information from the Fast Track intervention, I show that early– childhood investments in psychosocial skills have large, long-run spillovers on civic participation. These gains are widely distributed, being especially large for those least likely to participate. These chapters provide clear insights that reach across disciplinary boundaries and speak to current policy debates. In placing specific attention not only on whether these programs mobilize, but also on who they mobilize, I provide scholars and practitioners with new ways of thinking about how to address stubbornly low and unequal rates of citizen engagement.</p> / Dissertation
23

Comparative Effectiveness of Paired Versus Individual Learning of Cognitive Skills Using Computer-Based Instruction

Seebo, Elane K. (Elane Kelly) 12 1900 (has links)
This study examined the comparative effectiveness of learning of cognitive skills when instruction is presented through computer-based instruction using student-to-computer ratios of one-to-one and two-to-one. Effectiveness was gauged through scores on posttests administered subsequent to completion of each of nine computer-based lessons and on a single composite test score.
24

Estudo das representações visuais em questões de química dos exames vestibulares de universidades públicas do Estado de São Paulo / Study of Visual Representations in issues Chemical Tests of College of Universities Government of the State of São Paulo

Gaudencio, Jéssica da Silva 08 July 2015 (has links)
Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise multifacetada para a classificação das representações visuais presentes em questões de química de exames vestibulares de cinco grandes universidades públicas paulistas: USP, UNICAMP, UFSCAR, UNESP e UNIFESP no período de 2007 a 2011. Os vestibulares da UFSCAR e UNIFESP utilizaram o exame do ENEM a partir de 2009 como processo de seleção, assim o exame também foi analisado. Foram encontradas 252 questões contendo representações visuais em provas de conhecimentos gerais e conhecimentos específicos. Alguns exemplos dessas representações incluem gráficos, fluxogramas, diagramas, tabelas, e equações químicas. As representações visuais foram analisadas quanto a suas relações com o texto, sua funcionalidade, conteúdos químicos envolvidos na questão e as habilidades cognitivas requisitadas. Os resultados indicam, de modo geral, que as representações visuais mais frequentes são as equações químicas e as representações bidimensionais da estrutura molecular, com predominância de conteúdos de química orgânica e físico-química. Quanto a relação texto e imagem, destaca-se a grande ocorrência de casos nos quais a integração texto e imagem é necessária para a resolução da questão. No tocante à funcionalidade das representações visuais, salienta-se que: i - as provas envolvem em suas questões ilustrações que necessitam do conhecimento químico para suas interpretações; ii - há predominância de imagens menos realistas e mais interpretativas; iii - a grande ocorrência de etiquetas verbais nominativas. A ênfase em questões de memorização contendo representações visuais também foi investigada adotando-se o referencial de Zoller (1993, 1997, 1999, 2001) para classificar as questões quanto às habilidades cognitivas requisitadas: de alta ou baixa ordem. Os resultados indicam que questões que demandam habilidades cognitivas de baixa ordem são predominantes nas provas de conhecimentos gerais, e questões que demandam habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem em provas de conhecimentos específicos. / This research presents a multifaceted analysis for the classification of visual representations present in chemical questions of entrance examinations of five biggest São Paulo public universities: USP, UNICAMP, UFSCAR, UNESP and UNIFESP from 2007 to 2011. Entrance examinations of UFSCAR and UNIFESP used the exam ENEM from 2009 as a selection process, so the test was analyzed too. 252 questions were found with visual representations in general knowledge and specific knowledge test. Some examples of these representations include graphics, flow charts, diagrams, tables, and chemical equations. The visual representations were analyzed for their relation with the text, its functionality, chemical content involved in the question and the required cognitive skills. The results indicate, generally, that the most frequent visual representations are the chemical equations and the two-dimensional representations of molecular structure with content predominance of organic chemistry and physicochemical. About the relation of text-image, there is a high occurrence of cases in which text and image integration is necessary for the resolution of the matter. Regarding the functionality of visual representations, it is noted that: i - the test involve in his questions, illustrations that requires chemical knowledge for their interpretations; ii - there is predominance of less realistic and more interpretive images; iii - the high occurrence of nominative verbal labels. The emphasis on memorization questions containing visual representations was also investigated adopting the Zoller (1993, 1997, 1999, 2001) reference to classify the questions about the cognitive skills required: high or low order. The results indicate that questions that require lower order cognitive skills are prevalent in the tests of general knowledge, and questions that require higher order cognitive skills of specific evidence.
25

Habilidades cognitivas manifestadas por alunos do ensino médio de química em atividades experimentais investigativas / Cognitive skills revealed by secondary education students in investigative laboratory work

Rita de Cássia Suart 11 December 2008 (has links)
Algumas pesquisas em Ensino de Química têm destacado a importância do uso de atividades experimentais investigativas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas nos alunos e para sua maior participação no processo de aprendizagem. Os experimentos investigativos são uma das estratégias sugeridas para alcançar esses objetivos. Assim, se os alunos participarem de etapas como: coleta de dados, análise e discussão; poderão formular hipóteses e propor soluções para o problema proposto, desenvolvendo seu raciocínio lógico e habilidades cognitivas importantes para a construção do conhecimento químico e para a sua formação cidadã. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa investigou as habilidades cognitivas manifestadas por alunos do ensino médio de química em atividades experimentais investigativas. Foram gravadas, em áudio e vídeo, quatro seqüências de aulas desta natureza em duas escolas localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. Três seqüências de aulas foram realizadas em uma mesma escola e conduzidas pela mesma professora. Os conceitos abordados foram: densidade e temperatura de ebulição. O conceito de densidade foi desenvolvido em duas turmas, e o conceito de temperatura de ebulição em somente uma delas. O conceito desenvolvido na outra escola foi o de temperatura de fusão. Respostas escritas e os relatórios elaborados pelos alunos também foram coletados e analisados. As aulas foram transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente utilizando categorias de análise criadas pela pesquisadora, baseadas nas habilidades cognitivas manifestadas pelos alunos. Para a elaboração das categorias de análises, utilizou-se as idéias de Zoller, que classifica as habilidades cognitivas de acordo com o baixo ou alto nível de demanda cognitiva requerida para a solução de um problema, denominadas LOCS (Lower Order Cognitive Skills - Habilidades Cognitivas de Baixa Ordem); ou HOCS (Higher Order Cognitive Skills - Habilidades Cognitivas de Alta Ordem). Verificou-se, grande participação dos alunos nas atividades e manifestação de habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem, como elaboração de hipóteses e análise de variáveis, porém, grande parte das respostas foi classificada como habilidades cognitivas de baixa ordem. Entretanto, o nível de habilidades cognitivas manifestadas pelos alunos está relacionado com o nível cognitivo das questões propostas pelo professor. A análise das respostas escritas dos alunos também evidencia habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem, porém, os alunos apresentam certa dificuldade em sintetizar suas idéias e as expressarem por escrito. Os resultados também mostram que o papel do professor é de suma importância ao questionar e propor desafios aos alunos para que estes possam propor suas próprias hipóteses e propor possíveis soluções para o problema. / Some studies in Chemistry Teaching have focused the importance of the use of investigative laboratory work to develop students\' cognitive skills to increase the participation in the learning process. So, if the students are involved in steps as: data collection, analysis and discussion, they will be able to formulate hypothesis and to propose solutions to the problem, developing logical reasoning and cognitive skills important to the construction of chemical knowledge and for citizenship. This work investigated the cognitive skills expressed by secondary education students in investigative experimental chemistry activity. The sequences of four inquiry classes carried out in two schools localized in São Paulo were recorded on audio e videotape. Three sequences of classes were conduct by a teacher in one of these schools and the concepts developed were: density and boiling point, in the other school the concept studied was melting point. The reports and the written answers were also colected and analysed. The classes were transcripted and analised qualitatively using the categories developed by this researcher, based on the cognitive skills expresed by the students. Zoller\'s ideas guided the development of the categories. According to him, the cogntive skills may be classified as LOCS and HOCS, based on the cogntive demand claim to answer a question. The results show great involvement of the students in the activity and their answers reveal higher order cognitive skills, such as development of hypothesis; however, they also give answers that were classified as lower order cognitive skills. The analysis of the written answers evidenced higher order cognitive skills; however, the students present some dificults to synthesize their ideas and to express them in their writing. The results also show that the teacher\'s mediation is very important to conduct questions and challenges in order to allow the students to elaborate hypothesis and to propose solutions to the problem.
26

Questões propostas no planejamento de atividades experimentais de natureza investigativa no ensino de química: reflexões de um grupo de professores / Questions posed in planning inquiry-based experimental activitiese for chemistry teaching: reflections of a group of teachers

Silva, Dayse Pereira da 04 August 2011 (has links)
A formação continuada de professores de Química, bem como as práticas pedagógicas por eles desenvolvidas, tem sido objeto de estudos por parte de muitos pesquisadores, os quais têm apontado preocupações com os rumos que essa formação vem tomando. Algumas pesquisas em Ensino de Química têm destacado a importância do uso de atividades experimentais investigativas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas nos alunos e para sua maior participação no processo de aprendizagem. Assim, entende-se que são muitas as necessidades formativas do professor de química, tendo em vista que a elaboração de planos de aula, que favorecem a exploração pelos estudantes da atividade experimental e propicia o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas de ordens mais altas. Para tanto, é imprescindível que estes planos tenham características de atividades investigativas, sendo acompanhados de questões que possibilitem o desenvolvimento de tais habilidades. A presente pesquisa investigou como os professores de química preparam planos de aula priorizando a elaboração de questões para que os alunos possam desenvolver habilidades cognitivas em atividades experimentais investigativas. Foi proposto um curso de formação continuada para professores de Química da Rede Pública do Estado de São Paulo na região de Diadema. Tal curso ocorreu em oito encontros de quatro horas, gravados em áudio e vídeo. Foram apresentados e discutidos alguns subsídios sobre atividades experimentais investigativas e os professores elaboraram planos de ensino. Esses planos foram analisados de acordo com algumas características que esse tipo de atividade apresenta: situação problema, atividade pré e pós-laboratório, coleta, registro e analise dos dados e apresentação de conclusões. As questões apresentadas pelos professores foram analisadas de acordo com as ideias apresentadas por Zoller sobre habilidades cognitivas de ordens mais baixas e mais altas. Ao confrontar os planos iniciais com os finais, verificou-se, que os professores apresentaram progressão crescente nos seguintes aspectos: inicialmente não apresentavam um problema a ser investigado, e os resultados não eram discutidos com os alunos; no plano final, a metodologia se aproximava da investigativa, a partir de um problema a ser pesquisado pelo aluno. No laboratório, inicialmente os alunos apenas comprovavam o que foi verificado no livro, no plano final, os alunos elaboravam conclusões sobre conhecimentos novos para eles. No plano inicial não foram apresentadas questões aos alunos; no plano final, todos os professores elaboraram questões com diferentes demandas cognitivas que visavam à exploração da atividade experimental. Consideramos que os professores avançaram na elaboração de atividades experimentais de cunho investigativo, apesar de constatar que os planos de aula não alcançaram um nível mais elevado de construção do conhecimento, pois não apresentaram ao aluno um novo problema a ser resolvido, a partir de seu conhecimento. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how chemistry teachers plan inquiry-based activities and pose questions to the students aiming to promote higher order thinking skills. An in-service course was offered to chemistry teachers of some public schools of Diadema, São Paulo. Eight meetings between this researcher and the teachers occurred; the teachers got background in developing inquiry laboratory activities, and planned tree activities. These plans were analyzed according some characteristics of inquiry lab activities, such as problem situation, pre-lab activities, pos-lab activities, collecting, recording and analysis of data. The questions posed by the teachers were analyzed considering Zollers\" classification of cognitive skills. By comparing the initial plans with the last ones, some improvements could be verified. The first plan did not present a problem to be investigated by the students, the experimental results were not proposed to be discussed by the class; the experiment aimed to prove theories already taught. The final plan revealed an inquiry based approach, a problem is proposed to be investigated by students, and they were asked to make conclusions achieving new knowledge. While the initial plans presented no questions to explore the collected data, in the final plans the teachers posed questions of different levels of cognitive demand. Although the lesson plans have not reached a higher level of inquiry elaboration, we consider that some of the teachers made remarkable progress in their proposals.
27

Jogando e aprendendo: um paralelo entre videogames e habilidades cognitivas

Kashiwakura, Eduardo Yukio 08 August 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eduardo Yukio Kashiwakura.pdf: 3597583 bytes, checksum: 05c04bb1f4aeeba9181c1cb65c116565 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-08 / The dissertation entitled Playing and learning: a parallel between videogames and cognitive skills have as its main goal to do an investigation about the skills developed through the use of videogames. This research will approach the challenges and competencies provided by the games to the players. The cognitive skill is the ability of the human intelligence to deal with situations and problems, itself been a powerful tool to the construction of knowledge. The act of playing and learning is related to the ludic and playful, considering the concepts of game as an element of the culture, as proposed by Huizinga (2001). The method used was the identification of some skills developed by players, such as: visual, coordination, improvement of self-esteem, responsibility, text interpretation, social, leadership, concentration and reasoning. From the presented skills, we analyzed the games Sid Meier´s Civilization IV, Guitar Hero III, Black & White 2 and GATE. As final result, it was possible to draw a parallel between videogames that enable the development by the players of a series of cognitive skills / A dissertação intitulada Jogando e aprendendo: um paralelo entre videogames e habilidades cognitivas tem como principal objetivo efetuar uma investigação sobre as habilidades desenvolvidas através da utilização de videogames. Nesta pesquisa serão abordados os desafios e competências que os games proporcionam aos jogadores. A habilidade cognitiva é a capacidade da inteligência humana de lidar com situações e problemas, sendo uma poderosa ferramenta de construção do conhecimento. O ato de jogar e aprender está relacionado com o lúdico e a brincadeira, considerando-se os conceitos de jogo como elemento da cultura propostos por Huizinga (2001). O método usado foi a identificação de algumas habilidades desenvolvidas por jogadores como: visual, motora, aprimoramento de auto-estima, responsabilidade, interpretação de textos, sociais, liderança, concentração e raciocínio. A partir das habilidades apresentadas, efetuamos a análise de games como Sid Meier´s Civilization IV, Guitar Hero III, Black & White 2 e GATE. Como resultado final foi possível traçar um paralelo entre os videogames que viabilizam o desenvolvimento de uma série de habilidades cognitivas aos jogadores
28

Habilidades cognitivas manifestadas por alunos do ensino médio de química em atividades experimentais investigativas / Cognitive skills revealed by secondary education students in investigative laboratory work

Suart, Rita de Cássia 11 December 2008 (has links)
Algumas pesquisas em Ensino de Química têm destacado a importância do uso de atividades experimentais investigativas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas nos alunos e para sua maior participação no processo de aprendizagem. Os experimentos investigativos são uma das estratégias sugeridas para alcançar esses objetivos. Assim, se os alunos participarem de etapas como: coleta de dados, análise e discussão; poderão formular hipóteses e propor soluções para o problema proposto, desenvolvendo seu raciocínio lógico e habilidades cognitivas importantes para a construção do conhecimento químico e para a sua formação cidadã. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa investigou as habilidades cognitivas manifestadas por alunos do ensino médio de química em atividades experimentais investigativas. Foram gravadas, em áudio e vídeo, quatro seqüências de aulas desta natureza em duas escolas localizadas na cidade de São Paulo. Três seqüências de aulas foram realizadas em uma mesma escola e conduzidas pela mesma professora. Os conceitos abordados foram: densidade e temperatura de ebulição. O conceito de densidade foi desenvolvido em duas turmas, e o conceito de temperatura de ebulição em somente uma delas. O conceito desenvolvido na outra escola foi o de temperatura de fusão. Respostas escritas e os relatórios elaborados pelos alunos também foram coletados e analisados. As aulas foram transcritas e analisadas qualitativamente utilizando categorias de análise criadas pela pesquisadora, baseadas nas habilidades cognitivas manifestadas pelos alunos. Para a elaboração das categorias de análises, utilizou-se as idéias de Zoller, que classifica as habilidades cognitivas de acordo com o baixo ou alto nível de demanda cognitiva requerida para a solução de um problema, denominadas LOCS (Lower Order Cognitive Skills - Habilidades Cognitivas de Baixa Ordem); ou HOCS (Higher Order Cognitive Skills - Habilidades Cognitivas de Alta Ordem). Verificou-se, grande participação dos alunos nas atividades e manifestação de habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem, como elaboração de hipóteses e análise de variáveis, porém, grande parte das respostas foi classificada como habilidades cognitivas de baixa ordem. Entretanto, o nível de habilidades cognitivas manifestadas pelos alunos está relacionado com o nível cognitivo das questões propostas pelo professor. A análise das respostas escritas dos alunos também evidencia habilidades cognitivas de alta ordem, porém, os alunos apresentam certa dificuldade em sintetizar suas idéias e as expressarem por escrito. Os resultados também mostram que o papel do professor é de suma importância ao questionar e propor desafios aos alunos para que estes possam propor suas próprias hipóteses e propor possíveis soluções para o problema. / Some studies in Chemistry Teaching have focused the importance of the use of investigative laboratory work to develop students\' cognitive skills to increase the participation in the learning process. So, if the students are involved in steps as: data collection, analysis and discussion, they will be able to formulate hypothesis and to propose solutions to the problem, developing logical reasoning and cognitive skills important to the construction of chemical knowledge and for citizenship. This work investigated the cognitive skills expressed by secondary education students in investigative experimental chemistry activity. The sequences of four inquiry classes carried out in two schools localized in São Paulo were recorded on audio e videotape. Three sequences of classes were conduct by a teacher in one of these schools and the concepts developed were: density and boiling point, in the other school the concept studied was melting point. The reports and the written answers were also colected and analysed. The classes were transcripted and analised qualitatively using the categories developed by this researcher, based on the cognitive skills expresed by the students. Zoller\'s ideas guided the development of the categories. According to him, the cogntive skills may be classified as LOCS and HOCS, based on the cogntive demand claim to answer a question. The results show great involvement of the students in the activity and their answers reveal higher order cognitive skills, such as development of hypothesis; however, they also give answers that were classified as lower order cognitive skills. The analysis of the written answers evidenced higher order cognitive skills; however, the students present some dificults to synthesize their ideas and to express them in their writing. The results also show that the teacher\'s mediation is very important to conduct questions and challenges in order to allow the students to elaborate hypothesis and to propose solutions to the problem.
29

Is it too late baby? pinpointing the emergence of a black-white test score gap in infancy

Rippeyoung, Phyllis Love Farley 01 January 2006 (has links)
Racial inequality in educational and occupational attainment has been shown to be related to racial inequality in test scores and cognitive skills. Most research and policy attention has been given to the ability of schools to equalize test scores. I argue that a major reason why researchers have been unable to explain why schools have not closed the gap is because by the time children begin school it may be too late. Cognitive skills develop from infancy and as such, it should be unsurprising that by the time children are five years old the differences across groups are firmly established. Thus, this research attempts to uncover where the racial test-score gap begins by examining infants. I perform a series of analyses using ordinary least squares regression (OLS) and structural equation modeling (SEM) using the first wave of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey--Birth cohort (ECLS-B). I utilize the mother's race, rather than the child's race, in the analyses because looking at the mother's race makes the most logical sense since the mother's race is more likely than the child's to determine household income, marital status, mother's education, parenting styles, and so on. I demonstrate that there is little to no raw gap in cognitive skills between the infants of White and Black mothers in the United States. However, through SEM I find that when one controls for social, human, and financial capital, and for differences in health and type of childcare, the infants of African American mothers would actually do better than the infants of White mothers because of their precocious motor development. I find no support for genetics and childcare and only limited support for financial and human capital as mediators of the gap. However, there is support for family social capital and low birth weight as key mediators of the small Black-White test score gap in infancy.
30

Observed interaction between students using computers

Rogers, Elise, n/a January 1995 (has links)
This study was conducted to see what cognitive and social skills and strategies were employed by pairs of students as they used a computer adventure game. The games used in the study were "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?" (Broderbund) and "Dinosaur Discovery" (Jacaranda) One male and one female pair of year five students were assigned to each game. Grounded Theory was selected as the methodology as it enabled categorization of the skills and strategies to emerge from the data without locking the researcher into previously identified categories. It was found in this study, and supported in other research, that what occurs between the students during a session with the computer depends on the nature of the task, the students involved, the type and amount of training provided and the classroom conditions under which the activity is conducted. The implications from the study are: that under most circumstances it is desireable for students to work in pairs with a computer to enable interaction to occur, students may require some training in the cognitive skills necessary for the software being used, training students to work cooperatively before placing them in groups is important; and integrating the computer into the classroom environment may encourage the use of other desired skills and strategies.

Page generated in 0.043 seconds