A prevalência de problemas de saúde mental em crianças vem aumentando ao longo dos anos. Atualmente os transtornos de ansiedade são os mais prevalentes na infância; o estresse tem se tornado um problema cada vez mais frequente na população infantil; e grande parte dos casos de depressão na vida adulta tiveram início na infância. Por todos esses problemas que permeiam o desenvolvimento infantil, é importante a criação de práticas que previnam essas dificuldades e promovam a saúde mental em crianças. As Habilidades Sociais (HS) e para a Vida (HV) são partes importantes do contexto de promoção de saúde infantil, contribuindo para um enfrentamento saudável diante das demandas cotidianas. É nesse contexto que os conhecimentos advindos dos estudos da Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental (TCC) podem ser importantes para o desenvolvimento de programas de promoção de saúde mental e prevenção aos transtornos mentais na infância. O objetivo geral do presente trabalho foi avaliar o Programa de Promoção de Habilidades para a Vida (PRHAVIDA) em grupo de crianças em contexto escolar, visando investigar seus efeitos sobre as medidas de ansiedade, estresse, depressão e HS. O PRHAVIDA tem como principal propósito a promoção de saúde mental para grupo de crianças e adolescentes em contexto escolar, por meio do treinamento de HS e HV, embasado na abordagem Cognitivo-Comportamental. A pesquisa envolveu um delineamento quase-experimental, com uma metodologia pré e pós-teste com grupo lista de espera não equivalente com adição do delineamento cruzado e correlacional preditivo. Utilizou-se de dados secundários. Foram incluídas na amostra os dados referentes a 87 crianças de 8 a 10 anos que participaram do PRHAVIDA entre os anos de 2012 e 2015. Os instrumentos utilizados no estudo foram Spence Childrens Anxiety Scale, Escala de Estresse Infantil, Inventário de Depressão Infantil e Inventário Multimídia de Habilidades Sociais em Crianças. Os resultados evidenciaram que após a intervenção houve redução nos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade generalizada e adequação da agressividade, e aumento da adequação da assertividade. Além disso, foi identificado que a reação psicológica com componente depressivo pode predizer a ausência da assertividade juntamente com sintomas obsessivos-compulsivos que predizem a assertividade e a ausência da adequação da passividade. O estudo apresentou resultados importantes que podem contribuir para o aperfeiçoamento do programa e sugerindo caminhos para novos estudos de promoção de saúde e prevenção de transtornos mentais na infância. / The prevalence of mental health problems in children has increased over the years. Currently anxiety disorders are the most prevalent in childhood; stress has become an increasingly common problem in children; and most cases of depression in adulthood began in childhood. For all these problems that pervade child development, it is important to create practices that prevent these difficulties and promote mental health in children. Social Skills (SS) and Life (LS) are important parts of child health promotion context, contributing to a healthy coping in the face of everyday demands. In this context, the knowledge derived from studies of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) may be important for the development of mental health promotion and prevention of mental disorders in childhood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Life Skills Promotion Program (PRHAVIDA) in group of children in schools, in order to investigate their effects on measures of anxiety, stress, depression, and HS. The PRHAVIDA has as main purpose the promotion of mental health group of children and adolescents in schools, through the HS and HV training, based on cognitive-behavioral approach. The research involves a quasi-experimental design with methodology pre and post-test with the waiting list group not equivalent with the addition of cross-over design and correlational predictive. Used secondary data. They were included in shows the data for 87 children aged 8 to 10 years who participated in the PRHAVIDA between the years 2012 and 2015. The instruments used in the study were Spence Children\'s Anxiety Scale, Child Stress Scale, Children\'s Depression Inventory and Inventory Multimedia Social Skills in Children. The results showed that after the intervention there was a reduction in symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety and adequacy of aggression, and increase the adequacy of assertiveness. In addition, it was identified that the psychological reaction with depressive component can predict the absence of the assertion along with obsessive-compulsive symptoms that foretell assertiveness and lack of adequacy of passivity. The study showed significant results that can contribute to the improvement of the program and suggesting ways for new health promotion studies and prevention of mental disorders in childhood.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-06-28T15:53:35Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T15:49:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T15:49:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-23 / O expressivo crescimento do número de terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais contrasta com a reduzida preocupação sobre os processos de formação mais efetivos e sobre as melhores estratégias de avaliação de competência de terapeutas iniciantes e já experientes. Assim, foram conduzidos três estudos sobre formação e competência em terapias cognitivo-comportamentais. O primeiro teve como objetivo descrever o estado da arte sobre a formação de terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais. Os temas das publicações, as estratégias formativas e as medidas de competência empregadas em artigos indexados pela PsycNET e publicados entre 2011 e 2016 foram analisados. Observou-se que a produção científica analisada (N=24) pode ser considerada reduzida e que os artigos tratam de cinco temas: Modalidades de Formação, Preparação para Atuação em Quadros Específicos, Preparação para Atuação com Clientes Específicos, Desenvolvimento Pessoal do Terapeuta e Preparação para o Domínio de Técnicas ou Modelos Específicos. As estratégias de formação que têm sido mais utilizadas são formação expandida e supervisão. A avaliação de competência comumente ocorre pelo exame da prática do terapeuta. Como não foram encontradas medidas válidas e fidedignas para esse fim no Brasil e dada a necessidade de se definir como e quais competências serão desenvolvidas durante as formações, o objetivo do segundo estudo foi apresentar o processo de tradução e adaptação da Cognitive Therapy Scale Revised (CTS-R) e a análise de suas propriedades psicométricas. Após obter uma versão brasileira da CTS-R com base em diretrizes internacionais de tradução e adaptação de medidas, terapeutas experientes realizaram avaliações de sessões de terapia gravadas em vídeo com o instrumento e estagiários foram avaliados durante a supervisão clínica por seus supervisores e também se autoavaliaram. Foram obtidas evidências de validade segundo a estrutura interna e evidências de validade baseada nas relações com variáveis externas, assim como estimativas de fidedignidade a partir de consistência interna e de confiabilidade interexaminadores. Como essa medida mostrou-se adequada, foi utilizada para avaliar o desenvolvimento de competências de terapeutas-estagiários. Objetivou-se também analisar a aplicabilidade desse instrumento para autoavaliação. Houve aumento significativo de competência ao longo do treinamento e, tanto na autoavaliação quanto na avaliação por supervisores, os estagiários tenderam a ser considerados competentes desde a primeira coleta. Logo, a versão brasileira da CTS-R parece uma medida válida e fidedigna também para autoavaliação por terapeutas iniciantes. Além de analisar as limitações desta pesquisa, especialmente aquelas referentes à validade externa, são discutidas, como considerações finais da dissertação, as possíveis contribuições dos estudos para o avanço da formação de terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais no Brasil, ressaltando que ela deve ser baseada em evidência. / The expressive increase in the number of cognitive-behavioral therapists contrasts with the reduced concern about the most effective training processes and the best competency assessment strategies of beginning and experienced therapists. Thus, three studies were conducted on training and competence in cognitive-behavioral therapy. The first one aimed to describe the state of the art on cognitive-behavioral therapists training. The topics of publications, training strategies and measures of competence employed in articles indexed by PsycNET and published between 2011 and 2016 were analyzed. It was observed that the analyzed scientific production (N = 24) can be considered reduced and that the articles deal with five themes: Training Modalities, Training to work in Specific Clinical Conditions, Training to work with Specific Clients, Personal Development of the Therapist and Training for the Domain of Techniques or Specific Models. The training strategies that have been most used are expanded training and supervision. Competency assessment commonly occurs by examining the therapist's practice. Since no valid and reliable measures were found for this purpose in Brazil and given the need to define how and which competences will be developed during the training, the objective of the second study was to present the process of translation and adaptation of the Cognitive Therapy Scale Revised (CTS) -R) and the analysis of their psychometric properties. After obtaining a Brazilian version of the CTS-R based on international guidelines for translation and adaptation of measures, experienced therapists conducted evaluations of video-recorded therapy sessions with the instrument and trainees were evaluated during clinical supervision by their supervisors and also self-assessed. Evidence of validity was obtained according to internal structure and evidence of validity based on relations with external variables, as well as reliability estimates based on internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. As this measure proved to be adequate, it was used to evaluate the development of competences of trainee therapists. The objective of this study was to analyze the applicability of this instrument for self-evaluation. There was a significant increase in competency throughout the training and, in both self-evaluation and evaluation by supervisors, the trainees tended to be considered competent from the first collection. Therefore, the Brazilian version of the CTS-R seems a valid and reliable measure also for self-assessment by beginning therapists. Besides the analysis of the limitations of this research, especially those related to external validity, the possible contributions of the studies to the advance of the training of cognitive-behavioral therapists in Brazil are discussed as final considerations of the dissertation, emphasizing that it should be based on evidence.

Kognitiv beteendeterapi (KBT) bygger på teorier kring människans tankar, känslor och beteenden. Det är ett samlingsbegrepp för metoder som utformats för att hjälpa människor att förändra problematiska beteenden. Inledningsvis sammanfattas de begrepp som är relevanta för studiens syfte. Statistik visar att psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande hos klassiska musiker. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur KBT kan användas för att uppnå ändamålsenliga beteenden i musikalisk övning och fungera som ett hjälpmedel för att hantera problem. Studien byggde på en hermeneutisk grund. Materialet bestod av självobservationer från instudering av Mendelssohns violinkonsert. Dessa tolkades ur ett KBT–perspektiv för att besvara syftet. I resultatet visas integrerandet av KBT–interventioner i form av konkreta exempel där interventionen utformats för att bemöta ett problem i instuderingen. I studiens diskussion analyserades resultatet i form av vilken effekt KBT–interventionerna haft i den musikaliska övningen. / Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is based on theories about thoughts, feelings and behaviors. It’s a collective term for methods that serve the purpose of helping people with problematic behaviors. In the introduction the relevant concepts for the study are summarized. Statistics show that mental distress among classical musicians is common. The purpose of the study was to examine how CBT can be applied in order to reach effective behaviors in musical practice and serve as a tool for managing problems. The basis of the study was hermeneutic. The material consisted of self-observations from the study of Mendelssohn violin concerto. These were analyzed from a CBT-perspective to answer the purpose. In the result the integration of CBT-interventions can be viewed in terms of concrete examples where the interventions have been formed to respond to a problem in the practice. In the discussion of the study the result has been analyzed according to what effect the CBT-interventions have had in the musical practice.

L’émergence de la sexualité chez certains enfants peut se faire de façon inquiétante. C’est le cas lorsqu’ils présentent des comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP) envers d’autres enfants et que ces comportements sont caractérisés par la présence d’indices de sévérité comme la coercition, la persistance malgré les interventions et lorsqu’ils causent de la détresse émotionnelle, etc. Parmi d’autres, la littérature scientifique soutient que deux facteurs représentent des défisimportants : 1) la présence de difficultés concomitantes; 2) la mobilisation dans l’intervention qui se manifeste par un taux d’attrition élevé. Toutefois, peu d’études ont porté sur les dimensions qui évoluent dans le cadre d’une intervention spécialisée, particulièrement sur les autres difficultés qui se manifestent souvent chez ces enfants de façon concomitante. Ainsi, considérant les différentes difficultés vécues par ces enfants, il apparait important de noter si elles diminuent en intensité, tout comme les CSP, à la suite de la psychothérapie. De surcroît, considérant le taux d’attrition élevé dans les programmes destinés aux jeunes en difficulté, il s’avère pertinent de comprendre quels éléments sont susceptibles de prédire la non-complétion. La présente étude vise trois principaux objectifs : 1) décrire l’échantillon étudié, de même que les difficultés vécues par les enfants se manifestant en parallèle à leurs CSP ; 2) évaluer si les CSP et les difficultés concomitantes diffèrent à la suite de la thérapie ; 3) identifier les facteurs associés à la non-complétion de la psychothérapie. Cette recherche permet donc d’avoir une vision plus globale des différences entre le début et la fin de la thérapie quant aux difficultés éprouvées par ces enfants provenant de milieux variés. Elle permet également d’avoir une compréhension plus approfondie des enfants, mais plus globalement des familles qui ne complètent pas la thérapie leur étant destinée. L’échantillon initial est composé de 67 dyades parents-enfants référées dans un service de psychothérapie spécialisée en CSP. La psychothérapie adoptée étant d’approche cognitive comportementale, elle impliquait la participation d’une figure parentale et visait la gestion des CSP et la communication parent-enfant. Ces dyades ont été évaluées selon un devis à deux temps de mesure, impliquant des entrevues individuelles avant et après la psychothérapie. Les enfants, de même que les parents ont rempli différents questionnaires standardisés, portant notamment sur le développement de l’enfant et sur son comportement. Les résultats de la recherche révèlent des effets bénéfiques de la psychothérapie. Les enfants qui complètent la psychothérapie vivent davantage en situation de placement et ne sont pas accompagnés d’un parent biologique lors des rencontres, en comparaison à ceux qui ne la complètent pas. Aucune variable retenue dans la présente étude ne permet toutefois de prédire la non-complétion de la thérapie. Ces résultats sont discutés en considérant les implications pour la recherche et les interventions. / Sexual development can be worrisome in certain children, in particular when sexual behavior problems toward others are manifested. Such behaviors are characterized by the presence of severity indexes such as coercion, emotional distress, persistence despite interventions, etc. Among others, the scientific literature highlights two important challenges in children with SBP: 1) the presence of concomitant difficulties; 2) mobilization during the intervention as manifested by a high dropout rate. However, few studies have examined the outcomes of specialized intervention on difficulties manifested in conjunction to SBP. Considering the variety of concomitant difficulties experienced by these children, it seems important to assess the influence of psychotherapy on the intensity of these problems. Moreover, given the high rate of attrition in intervention behavior problems in children, it is important to understand the factors that might predict dropout. The aim of this study is : 1) to describe the sample, as well as difficulties that are manifested in conjunction to SBP; 2) assess changes in SBP as well as in other difficulties after psychotherapy (internalizing and externalizing behaviors problems, post-traumatic symptoms, dissociation, self-esteem, depression, anxiety and social problems); 3) to identify factors associated with the dropout of psychotherapy. This research provides a more holistic comprehension of the differences between the beginning and the end of therapy with respect to the difficulties experienced by children with SBP, which are coming from a variety of backgrounds. It also allows for a deeper understanding of those children, but more generally their families who do not complete the therapy. The initial sample is composed of 67 parent-child dyads referred to a specialized cognitive behavioral psychotherapy for children with SBP. The psychotherapy required the participation of a parental figure and aimed the management of SBP as well as parent-child communication. Data were obtained during individual interview prior and post psychotherapy. The children as well as the parents both completed different standardized questionnaires, regarding the child’s development and his behavior. The results of the research indicate beneficial effects of psychotherapy on SBP and on other indicators of distress. Furthermore, the study has shown that children who complete psychotherapy are more likely to live in foster homes and to be accompanied by their biological parents when attending appointments as compared to those who drop out. However, no variables used in this study predict dropout during psychotherapy. These results are discussed while considering the implications for research and practice.

Binge-eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent objective binge eating that occurs in the absence of compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain. As the most common eating disorder emerging in youth, BED co-occurs with increased eating disorder and general psychopathology, impaired quality of life, and obesity [1]. Despite its clinical significance, there is a dearth of treatment studies in adolescents [1, 2]. Regarding cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the most well-established treatment for adults with BED [2], one pilot randomized-controlled trial (RCT) in 25 adolescent girls with objective binge eating suggested superiority to wait-list (WL) in achieving binge-eating abstinence through 6 months following randomization and in improving eating disorder psychopathology, but not in reducing binge eating or standardized body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) [3]. Other CBT-related RCTs documented efficacy of Internet-based, weight loss-oriented self-help versus WL [4] and no differences in dialectical behavior therapy versus weight management [5]. Based on this preliminary evidence, the aim of the BEDA (Binge Eating Disorder in Adolescents) study was to provide a confirmatory test of the efficacy of CBT in adolescent BED. It was hypothesized that CBT will be superior to WL in improving binge eating, associated psychopathology, and quality of life, but not BMI, with long-term maintenance of effects.

Hintergrund. Für die durch wiederkehrende Essanfälle gekennzeichnete Binge Eating-Störung (BES) wurde die Kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (KVT) als Behandlungsmethode der Wahl etabliert. Zum Psychotherapieprozess, welcher das Therapieergebnis beeinflusst, ist jedoch wenig bekannt. Fragestellung. Da Untersuchungen zum Prozessaspekt der therapeutischen Adhärenz Unterschiede zwischen Patienten eines Therapeuten sowie zwischen verschiedenen Therapeuten belegen, soll der Einfluss von Patienten- und Therapeutenmerkmalen auf die therapeutische Adhärenz geprüft werden. Methode. In einer prospektiven, multizentrischen, randomisiert-kontrollierten Behandlungsstudie zum Wirksamkeitsvergleich von KVT und Internet-basierter angeleiteter Selbsthilfe (INTERBED) wurde die therapeutische Adhärenz in der KVT durch unabhängige Rater erfasst. Patienten- und Therapeutenmerkmale wurden mittels Interview und Selbstbericht erhoben. Ergebnisse. Soziodemografische Merkmale wie ein geringeres Bildungsniveau der Patienten und weibliches Geschlecht der Therapeuten wurden als signifikante Prädiktoren einer höheren therapeutischen Adhärenz identifiziert. Störungsspezifische Merkmale der Patienten waren nicht mit der therapeutischen Adhärenz assoziiert. Therapeutenmerkmale wie ein geringerer Ausbildungsgrad, eine geringere erlebte therapeutische Kompetenz und höhere Erwartungen sowie ein höheres emotionales Wohlbefinden der Therapeuten sagten eine höhere therapeutische Adhärenz vorher. Diskussion. Die etablierte hohe therapeutische Adhärenz erschien unabhängig vom Patienten, während einige Therapeutenmerkmale als Prädiktoren identifiziert wurden. Ungünstige Einflüsse auf die therapeutische Adhärenz bedürfen weiterer Erforschung und einer stärkeren Berücksichtigung in der Ausbildung von Therapeuten. / Background. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been established as the treatment of choice for binge-eating disorder (BED) which is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes. However, only little is known about the impact of the psychotherapeutic process on treatment outcomes. Objectives. While studies concerning the process aspect of therapist adherence found differences between patients from one therapist as well as differences between therapists, the impact of patient and therapist characteristics on therapist adherence will be investigated. Methods. In a prospective multicenter randomized-controlled trial comparing CBT to Internet-based guided self-help (INTERBED), the therapist adherence to CBT was determined by independent raters. Patient and therapist characteristics were obtained via interview and self-report questionnaires. Results. Sociodemographic characteristics including lower education in patients and female sex in therapists were identified as predictors of higher therapist adherence. Disorder-specific characteristics of patients were not associated with the therapist adherence. Therapist characteristics including less postgraduate therapist training, lower self-rated therapeutic competence, and higher expectations as well as higher emotional well-being of therapists predicted higher therapist adherence. Conclusions. The high level of therapist adherence was mostly independent from patients, while some therapist characteristics were identified as predictors. Adverse impacts on therapist adherence should be investigated further and might be considered in therapeutic training.

(in English): A total of 62% of the Czech adult population currently suffer from overweight or obesity (BMI over 25). Overweight problems are mostly caused by bad eating and exercising habits. The web application Self-Coaching with cognitive behavioral therapy elements helps overweight or obese users to gradually change their bad habits. The objective of the research part of the thesis is to evaluate the effect of a 5-week use of the web application Self-Coaching and to find out whether or not this effect changes if the users are provided with a virtual intervention of an instructor trained in a cognitive behavioral approach to obesity treatment. I evaluated the percentage of weight loss as compared to the initial body weight, the energy and nutritional balance of the diet, vegetable intake, physical activity, the number of days of using the application and the use of the psychological section of the application (psycho-coaching). Weight loss was the identified main effect of the web application Self-Coaching. After five weeks, the users lost on average 2.5% of their initial weight. The intervention of the instructor helped to increase the number of days, for which the users used Self-Coaching.

No description available.

Equine Assisted Therapy is, from a social work perspective, a relatively unexplored arrangement of therapy in which the horse is part of the treatment. This study illustrates the equine therapist’ experiences of Equine Assisted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (EA-CBT) and Equine Assisted Therapy (EAT) up against people suffering from mental health issues. The research questions are: How do we use horses as a part of the treatment up against people with mental health issues? What components can be identified as a central part of the treatment in Equine Assisted Therapy? The empirical material was collected by using hermeneutic approach and qualitative semi-structured interviews with three practicing equine therapists. The main result showed that horses are used as therapeutical co-workers, as well as a metaphor for the individuals’ emotions. The horses take a significant part of the patients’ sense of coherence (KASAM) as well as the patients’ mentalization, especially through emotional understanding and communication. Furthermore, the result indicate that the horse is as an important link in the encounter between therapist and patient. The analysis was based on an analytic method, in which the empirical material is the starting point of coding and creating themes. The central conclusions were that the horse play a significant role in the promotion of the humans’ ameliorative mental health. It does not only play role for the mental health issues, but also for the patients’ conduction after the treatment.

No description available.