Finding the most relevant candidate for a position represents an ubiquitous challenge for organisations. It can also be arduous for a candidate to explain on a concise resume what they have experience with. Due to the fact that the candidate usually has to select which experience to expose and filter out some of them, they might not be detected by the person carrying out the search, whereas they were indeed having the desired experience. In the field of software engineering, developing one's experience usually leaves traces behind: the code one produced. This project explores approaches to tackle the screening challenges with an automated way of extracting experience directly from code by defining common lexical patterns in code for different experience fields, using topic modeling. Two different techniques were compared. On one hand, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a generative statistical model which has proven to yield good results in topic modeling. On the other hand Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is simply a singular value decomposition of a matrix representing the code corpus as word counts per piece of code.The code gathered consisted of 30 random repositories from all the collaborators of the open-source Ruby-on-Rails project on GitHub, which was then applied common natural language processing transformation steps. The results of both techniques were compared using respectively perplexity for LDA, reconstruction error for NMF and topic coherence for both. The two first represent how well the data could be represented by the topics produced while the later estimates the hanging and fitting together of the elements of a topic, and can depict human understandability and interpretability. Given that we did not have any similar work to benchmark with, the performance of the values obtained is hard to assess scientifically. However, the method seems promising as we would have been rather confident in assigning labels to 10 of the topics generated. The results imply that one could probably use natural language processing methods directly on code production in order to extend the detected fields of experience of a developer, with a finer granularity than traditional resumes and with fields definition evolving dynamically with the technology.

Sustainability has consolidated as a global paradigm. Consequently, different sectors have adopted its principles to develop better practices for the environment and society. Within the transportation field, carsharing has emerged as a potential solution to reduce congestion and carbon emissions.  In Stockholm, one of the world’s leading cities on the sustainability agenda, carsharing has been growing steadily, with more companies participating in the market and more users adopting it. Likewise, the local administration conceives it as a tool that could contribute to sustainability. However, the private and the public sector assert that carsharing is far from its potential. The conditions established by the local government could be a factor that explains this situation.  Accordingly, this thesis aims to analyze Stockholm’s policy and administrative framework for carsharing, with a focus on its coordination and implementation. This was made by conducting interviews with public officers and carsharing companies and by analyzing Stockholm’s policy and administrative documents related to carsharing through the lens of policy integration and coordination. The illustrative example of charging stations and its implications for carsharing is used to analyze policy coherence, and to reveal the implementation divergences between the private carsharing sector and local public authorities.

Environmental goals are commonly set to guide work towards ecological sustainability. The aim of this thesis is to develop a precise terminology for the description of goals in terms of properties that are important in their practical use as decision-guides and to illustrate how it can be used in evaluations of environmental policy. Essay I (written together with Sven Ove Hansson) identifies a set of rationality criteria for individual goals and discusses them in relation to the typical function of goals. For a goal to perform its typical function, i.e., to guide and induce action, it must be precise, evaluable, approachable (attainable), and motivating. Essay II argues that for a goal system to be rational it must not only satisfy the criteria identified in Essay I but should also be coherent. The coherence of a goal system is made up of the relations that hold among the goals, most notably relations of support and conflict, but possibly also relations of operationalization. A major part of the essay consists in a conceptual analysis of the three relations. Essay III contains an investigation into the rationality of five Swedish environmental objectives through an application of the rationality criteria identified in Essays I-II. The paper draws the conclusion that the objectives are not sufficiently rational according to the suggested criteria. It also briefly points at some of the difficulties that are associated with the use of goals in environmental policy and managemen / QC 20101111

Bakgrund: I Sverige och runtom i världen drabbas många av ett plötsligt hjärtstopp. Då statistik visar på att överlevnaden förbättras blir det fler som får uppleva den svåra vardagen efter hjärtstoppet. I efterförloppet finns risken för att vardagen kantas av många tankar och känslor som påverkar den överlevandes liv. Syfte:Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att studera patienters upplevelser av att överleva ett hjärtstopp. Metod: Litteraturöversikten bestod av kvalitativt analyserade studier och baserades på en induktiv ansats. Fjorton artiklar godkändes utifrån ett kvalitetsprotokoll och valdes till resultatet. Under analysen tog tre huvudkategorier samt sex underkategorier form. Resultat: Litteraturöversikten resulterade i olika beskrivningar av patienters upplevelser av att ha överlevt ett hjärtstopp. Känslor av tacksamhet, förändring och existentiella tankar var dominerande och det framkom att människorna ville se en mening och få en förståelse för det som inträffat. Slutsats: I takt med att fler överlever ett hjärtstopp ökar behovet av stöttning med att hantera sina tankar och känslor i efterförloppet då detta visade sig vara en stor del av personernas vardag. Med god kunskap i hur dessa mår efteråt kan sjuksköterskor stödja dessa i att söka mening och sammanhang i deras förändrade vardag. / Background: In Sweden and around the world, many people suffer from a sudden cardiac arrest. As statistics shows that the survival is improving, more people will experience the difficult everyday life after a cardiac arrest.  In the aftermath, there is a risk that the everyday life is fraught with many thoughts and feelings that affect the survivor’s life. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to study patients' experiences of surviving a cardiac arrest.Method: The literature review consisted of qualitative analysed studies and was based on an inductive approach. Fourteen articles were approved based on a quality protocol and selected for the result. During the analysis, three main categories and six subcategories emerged. Results: The literature review resulted in different descriptions of patients' experiences of surviving a cardiac arrest. Feelings of gratitude, change and existential thoughts were dominant, and it turned out that people wanted to see a meaning and gain an understanding of what had happened. Conclusions: As more people survive a cardiac arrest, the need for support increases in dealing with their thoughts and feelings in the aftermath, as this turned out to be a big part of people’s everyday lives. With good knowledge of how these feel afterwards, nurses can support them in seeking meaning and coherence in their changed everyday lives.

The aim of this qualitative study is to explore what Marte meo-therapists have experienced working with the Marte meo parenting supporting method. Seven therapists have been interviewed through semi-structured qualitative interviews. Antonovsky’s framework of Sense of Coherence was applied in the analysis of the results (Antonovsky, 2005). The main findings of the study illustrate that the Marte meo-method is experienced to have benefits for both the families and the therapists maintaining a high level of sense of coherence. According to the therapists the parents got a better knowledge of themselves and their children contributing to an enhanced relationship, better communication, and interplay. The Marte meo-method was perceived as a helpful tool allowing skills development among staff and “makes the job a lot of fun” – as one of them had said. However, several respondents experienced a lack of managerial support and leadership which reduced the sense of coherence.

Bakgrund: Förekomsten av diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2) ökar i majoriteten av världens länder. DMT2 var den nionde mest vanliga dödsorsaken i världen 2019. DMT2 uppstår till följd av insulinresistens och den viktigaste behandlingen för att minska risken för allvarliga komplikationer är förändrade levnadsvanor. Känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) är viktigt för att personer med DMT2 ska kunna ha en naturlig och självständig vardag. Syfte: Att beskriva personers strategier vid hantering av DMT2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med 12 kvalitativa artiklar. Dataanalysen genomfördes med Fribergs fyra steg. Resultat: Tre huvudteman utgör resultatet: att få stöd, relationen till hälso-och sjukvården samt eget ansvar. Stöd i olika former beskrivs av personerna med DMT2 som strategier för att kunna hantera sin sjukdom. Även utbildning, innovationer och eget ansvar var viktigt för sjukdomshanteringen. Slutsats: Detta arbete visar på hur komplext hanteringen av DMT2 är för personerna samt att det finns olika former av strategier. Stöd ansågs vara en central del i att hantera sin sjukdom. Stödet i sig sågs som en strategi men kunde även ses som nyckeln till att finna förmåga och motivation till att göra livsstilsförändringar. / Background: The incidence of Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is increasing in the majority of the world's countries. DMT2 was the nineth most common cause of death in the world in 2019. DMT2 occurs because of insulin resistance and the most important treatment to reduce the risk of serious complications is lifestyles changes. Sence of coherence is important for people with DMT2 to have a natural and independent everyday life. Aim:  To describe people's strategies in managing DMT2. Method:  A literature review with 12 qualitative articles. The data analysis was implemented with Friberg's four steps.  Result:  Three main themes represent the result: to receive support, the relationship to health care and own responsibility. Support in various forms is described by the people with DMT2 as strategies for managing their disease. Education, innovations and own responsibility were also important for disease management. Conclusion:  This paper shows how complex the management of DMT2 is for the people and that there are different types of strategies. Support was considered a central part of managing one's disease. The support itself was seen as a strategy but could also be seen as the key to finding the ability and motivation to make lifestyle changes.

The heart and its mechanical components, especially the heart valves and leaflets, are under enormous strain during lifetime. Like all highly stressed materials, also these biological components undergo fatigue and signs of wear, which impinge upon cardiac output and in the end on health and living comfort of affected patients. Thereby pathophysiological changes of the aortic valve leading to calcific aortic valve stenosis (AVS) as most frequent heart valve disease in humans are of particular interest. The knowledge about changes of the dynamic behavior during the course of this disease and the possibility of early stage diagnosis could lead to the development of new treatment strategies and drug-based options of prevention or therapy. ApoE-/- mice as established model of AVS versus wildtype mice were introduced in an ex vivo artificially stimulated heart model. 4D optical coherence tomography (OCT) in combination with high-speed video microscopy were applied to characterize dynamic behavior of the murine aortic valve and to characterize dynamic properties during artificial stimulation. OCT and high-speed video microscopy with high spatial and temporal resolution represent promising tools for the investigation of dynamic behavior and their changes in calcific aortic stenosis disease models in mice.

Besides structural imaging, OCT can be used to estimate axial velocities of the sample resolved in depth by Dopplerprocessing. In Fourier domain OCT (FD-OCT), this is accomplished by measuring the phase difference (i.e. phase shift) between timely separated A-scans at the same depth. In most cases, these data are disturbed by noise caused by intrinsic noise of the OCT system, specified by the SNR, and decorrelation noise caused by the transversal movement of the optical beam relative to the sample. Since the first use of Doppler methods in OCT, many methods to reduce the phase shift noise by averaging have been presented. While all these methods use a fixed set of consecutive A-scans, the best method, exhibiting no bias and having the smallest standard deviation, was questionable. Recently, Doppler processing methods depending on the mentioned noise sources and delivering the most likely phase shift and thereby axial velocity became available. The relation of these methods to previously known methods like the Kasai estimator, maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) and joint spectral and time domain OCT (jSTdOCT) will be discussed.

<p>Temporal processing and temporal coherence processing are fundamental components of auditory processing and the focus of this thesis. Cortical temporal processing in particular is understudied in humans. This dissertation makes three contributions that help characterize auditory temporal processing, and its relationship to auditory perception in humans. Experiment 1 develops a novel systems identification approach utilizing modified maximum length sequences (m-seq) to robustly measure cortical temporal processing noninvasively. Using this technique, it is found that cortex's ability to track dynamic spatial auditory cues can explain the ability to utilize dynamic binaural information to do a spatial unmasking task. This result combined with behavioral data that shows FM tracking extends out to similar rates as spatial tracking demonstrates how auditory tracking broadly is constrained by the temporal properties of cortex. Experiment 2 develops a novel measure of temporal processing, called the modulation temporal response function (mod-TRF), which can separate the underlying sources contributing to modulation processing along the auditory system from short, middle, and late latency regions. The mod-TRF has a robust SNR at the individual level giving it the potential to become an ubiquitous tool to assess temporal processing and auditory activity generally across individuals. The utility of the mod-TRF is demonstrated by evaluating how attention affects different sources along the auditory pathway. Other studies utilizing the mod-TRF could explore how temporal processing in early and late areas of the auditory system changes with aging, hearing loss, musicianship, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Experiment 3 establishes a novel physiological measure of across channel temporal coherence processing to measure auditory binding ability across individuals. It  is demonstrated how this novel temporal coherence measure can explain performance on a behavioral temporal coherence detection task, speech-in-noise task, and comodulation masking release. Lastly, it is explored how social and communicative features in individuals, measured via the Autism Quotient, align with differences in auditory ability at various tasks. </p>

To grasp what learning, teaching and knowing health might be in relation to a physical activity, the study explores what ninth grade students find difficult, and what they need to discern in teaching to experience the knowing of participation and evaluation of street dance classes through the concepts comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. These concepts are brought from Aron Antonovsky perspective of salutogenic health by Sense of Coherence (SOC). However I do not claim to embrace the complete SOC since it relates to life as a whole (Antonovsky, 1991; 2005). The aim of the study is to investigate how to deal with the content of teaching making the students develop the ability to participate and evaluate physical activity in relation to the concepts mentioned. Furthermore by using the onset of phenomenography and theory of variation the study explores ways for teachers and students to discern critical features of the content of teaching. The study design used is Learning study. It is a cyclic, pedagogical design aiming for making it possible for teachers to scientifically explore the quality of their own teaching in relation to a specific content being taught. In a Learning study teachers are collaborating with content of teaching, trying to discern critical features of the content to make these aspects come clear for the students in renewed teaching. A phenomenographic perspective is used to discern how the students’ experiences of the teaching content vary. The theory of variation is used for planning and carrying out lessons and evaluating them in order to make the critical aspects discernable for the students. Three lessons within one Learning study cycle were staged. They were videotaped and field notes were taken. The sample consisted of three groups of ninth grade students, 15 to 16 years of age (n=52) and three teachers. Three critical aspects according to the object of learning were discerned in the study: Experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness within the context of street dance. Experiences of different forms of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness within different situations of the context of street dance. Within the context of street dance experience how the actions and experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness by oneself simultane-ously relates to actions and experiences of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness of others. The study shows how young students’ ability to carry through and evaluate street dance with point of departure in the meaning of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness may be improved when the students are offered a variation in the critical features of the subject content. / <p>Baksidestext:</p><p>Denna licentiatuppsats handlar om åk 9-elevers erfaranden av lärandeobjektet <em>genomföra och värdera street dance utifrån begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet.</em></p><p>Vad eleverna erfor av lärandeobjektet kartlades före undervisning och preliminära <em>kritiska aspekter</em> identifierades. Kritiska aspekter är aspekter av lärandeobjektet som eleverna inte har urskilt. I efterföljande undervisning erbjöds eleverna <em>variation</em> i de kritiska aspekterna. Därefter analyserades vad eleverna erfarit av lärandeobjektet samt vilken variation i de kritiska aspekterna som erbjudits eleverna.</p><p>Studien är genomförd enligt principen för den didaktiska modellen <em>Learning study. </em>De metodologiska utgångspunkterna är fenomenografi och variationsteori.</p><p>Studiens resultat visar att de elever som erfor variation i relationen mellan begreppen och street dance och dessutom samtidigt kunde urskilja sina egna och kamraters handlingar i sammanhanget utifrån begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet erfor lärandeobjektet mer differentierat. Resultatet visar också att olika elevgruppers erfaranden av lärandeobjektet sammanföll med hur de kritiska aspekterna hade behandlats i undervisningen.</p><p>Eleverna problematiserade i studien möjligheter och villkor för begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet vid genomförandet av rörelse i street dance i ett gemensamt upplevt sammanhang.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Författarpresentation</strong></p><p>Sabina Vesterlund arbetar som lärare i idrott och hälsa på en f-9-skola i Värmdö kommun. Hon tog sin idrottslärarexamen vid Gymnastik – och idrottshögskolan (GIH) i Stockholm 1996. Sabina har sedan dess arbetat med utbildning i idrott och hälsa i grundskolans alla årskurser samt på lärarutbildningar vid Stockholms universitet och GIH.</p><p>2014 antogs hon till Forskarskolan i idrott och hälsas didaktik vid GIH. Denna licentiatuppsats är hennes examensarbete inom forskarskolan. Handledare har varit Jane Meckbach och Bengt Larsson.</p><p>För att beställa tryckt exemplar av licentiatuppsatsen kontakta författaren: sabina.vesterlund@gmail.com </p> / Forskningslinjen Utbildning