No description available.

No description available.

In their review, Remedios and Snyder (2015) articulated how models of stigma fall short of explaining stigmatization of women of color, because they do not consider intersectionality of multiple stigmatized identities. Using the example of the intersection of race and gender, they reviewed literature on how targets of stigma detect and respond to prejudice (making prejudice attributions, the role of identity processes such as centrality), highlighting the complexity of these processes once multiple identities (namely non-prototypical categories of race and gender) are considered. In response, we provide more in depth discussion of the challenges to inclusion and intersectionality including current and traditional psychological science approaches and the perceived politicization of intersectional research, as well as the complexity of integrating multiple identities (social class, sexual orientation and gender diversity) into stigma research, including recruitment, measurement, and analysis. We offer practical suggestions in the areas of recruitment, measurement, and analysis, to facilitate more inclusive and intersectional research, given that such work would provide a more complete understanding of the experience of stigma.

Context: It is common practice to treat musculoskeletal injury acutely with cryotherapy with compression. A tobacco poultice and the SportsWrap are touted as effective acute care treatments, yet are unproven. Objective: Compare four treatments (cryotherapy with compression, compression alone, a tobacco poultice, and the SportsWrap) of an experimentally induced bruise to determine their effectiveness at limiting bruise formation, thereby decreasing overall bruise duration. Design: Randomized, controlled, blinded trial. Setting: Research laboratory. Participants: 64 male participants (height: 180.2±6.4cm, weight: 78.0±16.2kg, age: 22.1±2.8yrs) volunteered. Participants committed to not exercise during participation and were free of medication affecting coagulation or inflammation at least 3 days before and throughout the study. Interventions: Participants were shot in both quadriceps with a tennis ball fired from a tennis ball machine at ~31m/sec from 46cm. Digital pictures were taken of the trauma site immediately before and on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 post-trauma. Within 5 minutes of being shot, participants were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 4 treatments to one of their legs: 1) cryotherapy with compression (applied 5 times separated by 2 hours, compression applied with and without the ice until return on Day 2); 2) compression alone (worn continuously until Day 2); 3) a tobacco poultice (worn for no less than 12 hours, then removed; compression reapplied until Day 2); and 4) the SportsWrap (worn continuously until Day 2). Treatment times reflected clinical practice. Untreated leg served as control. Two raters, blinded to treatment and treatment leg, analyzed each bruise, while a third analyzed an unbruised control area for normalization. Software calculated average pixel values of cyan, magenta, yellow, black, and luminosity for each picture. This analysis was shown to be reliable during pilot data collection (ICC = .77) and has been used previously. Main Outcome Measures: Color difference, a unitless value, was calculated as the difference between the treatment and control legs from the normalized average pixel values. A 2 x 4 x 6 mixed model ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc analysis determined differences between limbs and treatments over time. Results: There was no treatment (F3,60 = .47, P = .70) or limb (F1,60 = .04, P = .84) effect, but there was a day effect (F3.9,234.5 = 6.82, P < .001). The mean color difference values were greater on Days 4 and 6 than Days 0 and 10, and Day 4 was greater than Day 2 (Bonferroni < .05). None of the interactions were significant. Conclusions: Treatment had no effect on the degree of bruising that we produced in this study. We are reluctant to generalize this data to musculoskeletal injury beyond what we caused because of insufficient bruising/too great of variance in bruising.

Video segmentation, the process of selecting an object out of a video sequence, is a fundamentally important process for video editing and special effects. However, it remains an unsolved problem due to many difficulties such as large or rapid motions, motion blur, lighting and shadow changes, complex textures, similar colors in the foreground and background, and many others. While the human vision system relies on multiple visual cues and higher-order understanding of the objects involved in order to perceive the segmentation, current algorithms usually depend on a small amount of information to assist a user in selecting a desired object. This causes current methods to often fail for common cases. Because of this, industry still largely relies on humans to trace the object in each frame, a tedious and expensive process. This dissertation investigates methods of segmenting video by propagating the segmentation from frame to frame using multiple cues to maximize the amount of information gained from each user interaction. New and existing methods are incorporated in propagating as much information as possible to a new frame, leveraging multiple cues such as object colors or mixes of colors, color relationships, temporal and spatial coherence, motion, shape, and identifiable points. The cues are weighted and applied on a local basis depending on the reliability of the cue in each region of the image. The reliability of the cues is learned from any corrections the user makes. In this framework, every action of the user is examined and leveraged in an attempt to provide as much information as possible to guarantee a correct segmentation. Propagating segmentation information from frame to frame using multiple cues and learning from the user interaction allows users to more quickly and accurately extract objects from video while exerting less effort.

No description available.

Denna studie har gått ut på att studera hur färg och storlek på cirklar påverkar hur hårt man trycker på tangenter i olika spelversioner. Vi har skapat tre versioner av ett spel där användaren skulle översätta cirklars utseende genom att trycka olika hårt på tangenter. Samtliga versioner av spelet baserades på fallande cyanfärgade cirklar ivertikalled. Den fallordning cirklarna föll enligt, hade alla versioner gemensamt. Skillnaden för versionerna var att cirklarna uttrycktes olika i färgton och storlek. Vi ansåg att en studie kring hur användare interagerade genom olika kombinationer av färgton och storlek kunde bidra till hur man väljer att bygga upp grafiska objekt i datorspel. Denna studie baserades på bland annat experiment inom perceptions-, färg- och ljusteori samt hur former fungerar som informationsbärare. Resultaten från undersökningen visade på att ha flera föränderliga grafiska komponenter gav oftast bäst träffsäkerhet i styrka utifrån spelet. Trots det så hade de andra versionerna vissa delresultat som var avsevärt bättre än versionen med fler föränderliga grafiska komponenter. Resultaten från undersökningen visade även på att deltagarna antog sig veta vilket grafiskt gränssnitt som passade dem bra och mindre bra, men hur de egentligen presterade motbevisade det. Utifrån detta drog vi slutsatsen att effektiviteten att kommunicera en fysisk storhet var olika beroende på person, men att det mest pålitliga alternativet tenderade att vara en kombination av de båda föränderliga komponenterna.

Over the last decade, linguistic relativity has seen a resurgence in research and discourse on thought, language, and culture. One particular facet of this research, multilingualism, has been relatively sparse in comparison to the wealth of research available focusing on individual languages and monolingual speakers. This study represents a preliminary investigation that enters this arena by focusing specifically on how speakers of English as a second language use English basic color terms in respect to monolingual speakers. This is done by using a modified methodology from the World Color Survey as a comparative model of a speaker’s division of colors. Participants in this study illicit responses for 160 color tiles taken from the Munsell color chart used as the basis of the World Color Survey. The results of this study show that three of the ten multilingual participants division of the color space per English color terms falls outside of the normal range of variation between the monolingual English speakers who participated in this study. Though future research is needed to definitively posit the reasons for those participants color maps, this study provides a new window and inquiry into an under-researched area of linguistic relativity.

This work sets out to explore changeability in woven expressions using optic fibers in an interior context for home environment. The primary motive is to investigate how optic fibers can change the expression of a woven textile through its color and placement in the structure. The work was conducted with a trial and error-method by sketching, weaving samples, etching the optic fibers, and exploring how the fibers changed the expression and properties of the woven textile. Experiments with displaying the textiles in the intended environment were conducted in order to experience the effect of color and expression changeability. With the optic fibers the expressions repurpose weave structures and patterns, connecting them to the craft of weaving. The result is three double woven textiles with two stages each, activated and unactivated. In the activated state, the optic fibers brings new expressions through color and pattern from a white textile, which is the unactivated stage.

This research investigated both cognitive and affective influences of alternative color combinations in a search task paradigm. The effects of re-mapping the existing, comparatively arbitrarily color codes of baggage X-ray images, were explored. Alternative color-codes were evaluated for improving the economy of visual search in X-ray baggage screening. Using a 2 x 2 between-groups design, the perceptual aspects of color-codes varying in degree of visual agreeability (accordant or discordant) and color contrast (high or low) were examined in terms of effectiveness (detection accuracy) and efficiency (reaction time). Three hypotheses were put forth; two postulated main effects for color contrast and for visual agreeability, and a third postulated an interaction. Additionally, for comparison purposes, a fifth group of participants was presented with a stimulus condition that represented the current industry standard for colorizing X-ray images. Out of 100 volunteers, data were usable for 95 participants who had been randomly assigned to one of five conditions. All participants were exposed to the same screening task. The screening task required participants to view 153 X-ray images in random order. Of these images, 36 contained a single threat item (knife, scissor, gun) among clutter. Analyses of variance revealed significant differences between conditions with respect to detection accuracy. Implications are that high-color contrast improves detection accuracy; specifically with respect to correct rejections, and that this effect on performance can be moderated by psycho-emotional mechanisms. Specifically, the impact of color-contrast was significantly more pronounced under conditions of accordant color combinations. Theoretical underpinnings and applications to other domains are discussed.