Den 11 mars 2011 inträffade en kärnenergiolycka i Fukushima, Japan. Jag har gjort en diskursanalytisk innehållsanalys av fyra svenska dagstidningars artiklar om kärnenergi från de 90 dagarna innan kärnenergiolyckan i Japan, de första 90 dagarna efter den samt de därefter följande 90 dagarna. Jag har även jämfört de tendenser som framkommer i rapporteringen med Sveriges befolknings attityder till kärnenergi för att se om det finns något samband mellan dessa. Syftet var att utifrån mina resultat, tidigare forskning och teorin från forskningsfältet ”communication of science” analysera den eventuella påverkan medias rapportering om kärnenergi och allmänhetens syn på kärnenergi kan ha på varandra. Analysen visar att det finns ett samband mellan tidningarnas rapportering och allmänhetens åsikter och att det är troligt att parterna påverkar varandra. Vidare studier skulle dock krävas för att säkert kunna uttala sig om hur parterna påverkar varandra.

Master's paper (M.S.I.S.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2003. / "January 2003." Bibliography: p. 32-33. Also available in PDF via the World Wide Web.

Orientadora: Ely Francina Tannuri de Oliveira / Banca: Maria Cláudia Cabrino Gracio / Banca: Sandra Edith Miguel / Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a produção e a coautoria latinoamericana e caribenha em Estudos Métricos da Informação na base Scopus no período de 2011 a 2015, contextualizando as políticas científicas e tecnológicas da região. Mais especificamente propõe-se destacar os pesquisadores, países, instituições e periódicos mais produtivos; classificar as temáticas mais trabalhadas segundo proposta de Glänzel (2003) que versa sobre três grupos-alvo (G1 - Bibliometria para profissionais da bibliometria; G2 - Bibliometria aplicada às disciplinas científicas e G3 - Bibliometria para a política científica e gestão); verificar o impacto da produção por meio do número de citações e citantes e relacionar os países e autores mais produtivos em Estudos métricos sob a perspectiva da análise de redes de coautorias. Como resultados, destaca-se o Brasil como o país mais produtivo e consequentemente os pesquisadores brasileiros destacam-se com uma representação de 67% entre os mais produtivos e os mesmos são predominantemente oriundos de universidades. Quanto às coautorias, tem-se um baixo número entre os países e pesquisadores da América Latina e Caribe e até mesmo com os demais do mundo, uma vez que grande parte destas coautorias ocorreu no âmbito interno dos próprios países. Como conclusões, observa-se que há uma necessidade de ampliação de pesquisas a serem realizadas em cooperação no âmbito desta região em Estudos Métricos da Informação, objetivando propiciar um papel de destaque na ciência, almejan... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this research was to analyze the Latin American and Caribbean production and co-authorship in Metric Information Studies at the Scopus base from 2011 to 2015, contextualizing the region's scientific and technological policies. More specifically, it is proposed to highlight the most productive researchers, countries, institutions and periodicals; (G1 - Bibliometrics applied to scientific disciplines and G3 - Bibliometrics for scientific policy and management); to verify the impact of production through the number of citations, the citers and to relate the most productive countries and authors in Metric Studies from the perspective of analysis of co-authorship networks. As a result, Brazil stands out as the most productive country and consequently Brazilian researchers stand out with a representation of 67% among the most productive ones, whose majority is predominantly from universities. As for co-authorships, there is a low number of countries and researchers in Latin America and the Caribbean and even with the rest of the world, since a large part of these co-authorships took place within the countries themselves. As conclusions, it is observed that there is a need to expand research to be carried out in cooperation within this region in Metrics Studies of Information, aiming to provide a prominent role in science and focus on the deserved representativeness of this region in the international science. / Mestre

Orientador: Marko Synésio Alves Monteiro / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T01:34:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JeanCarlosFerreirados_M.pdf: 1558418 bytes, checksum: 9a7f0d7e80167344d00258ecd5bf5f41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O Movimento Open Access é um conjunto de iniciativas mundiais que busca tornar gratuito o acesso à literatura científica revisada por pares por meio de periódicos e repositórios disponibilizados na internet. O presente estudo objetivou analisar as práticas associadas à comunicação científica e como elas se relacionam com a proposta do Movimento Open Access. Tomou-se como referência a compreensão de cientistas brasileiros da área de Ciências Agrárias sobre a publicação em acesso aberto, buscando-se estabelecer uma reflexão acerca dos elementos envolvidos nas práticas de publicação desses pesquisadores, tais como os fatores envolvidos na seleção dos veículos para a comunicação dos resultados de pesquisa. Analisaram-se os princípios do Movimento Open Access, destacando-se o papel da comunicação na ciência e sua relação com a aquisição do reconhecimento social e com o sistema de distribuição de recompensas entre os cientistas. Foram discutidos os principais fatores associados ao surgimento desse movimento, quais sejam: a insatisfação dos cientistas e das instituições de pesquisa com o aumento dos preços das assinaturas de periódicos oferecidos por editoras científicas comerciais e o surgimento de novos formatos de publicação possibilitados pelas tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Em seguida, analisou-se o acesso aberto no Brasil, elencando as principais iniciativas existentes, suas características e os atores institucionais envolvidos com sua implantação. Por fim, analisou-se, a partir de entrevistas, a compreensão dos pesquisadores das Ciências Agrárias sobre a publicação científica em acesso aberto. As conclusões do estudo apontam para limitações das escolhas de publicação dos pesquisadores em torno de periódicos de prestígio e de alto Fator de Impacto. Tais escolhas se dão influenciadas pela valorização dessas publicações nas avaliações científicas realizadas pelas principais agências de fomento à pesquisa do país, o que representa uma barreira substancial para os pesquisadores publicarem em periódicos de acesso aberto que não se enquadram nessas especificações. Ademais, os resultados evidenciaram que os órgãos que operam o sistema de avaliação científica e de recompensas têm um importante papel na modificação ou permanência de práticas de publicação consagradas, assim como na aceitação do acesso aberto entre os pesquisadores / Abstract: The Open Access Movement is a set of global initiatives that seek to provide free access to peerreviewed scientific literature through journals and repositories available on the internet. This study aimed to analyze the practices associated with scientific communication and how they relate to the proposals of the Open Access Movement. We took as a reference the comprehension of some Brazilian scientists in the field of Agricultural Sciences on the open access publication, seeking to establish a reflection on the elements involved in the publishing practices of these researchers, such as the criteria involved in the selection of vehicles for the communication of the research results. We analyzed the principles of the Open Access Movement, emphasizing the role of communication in science and its relation to the acquisition of social recognition and to the system of distribution of rewards among scientists. We discussed the key events associated with the emergence of this movement, which are: the dissatisfaction of scientists and research institutions with the increasing prices of journal subscriptions offered by commercial scientific publishers and the emergence of new publication formats made possible by information and communication technologies. Then, we analyzed the open access in Brazil, listing the major existing initiatives, their characteristics and the institutional actors involved in its implementation. Finally, we analyzed, through interviews, the understanding of researchers in the field of Agricultural Sciences on open access scientific publication. The results of our study point to limitations in the choices of researchers around prestigious and high impact factor journals. Such choices are influenced by the value given to these publications in the scientific evaluations conducted by the major research funding agencies in the country, which represents a substantial barrier for researchers to publish in open access journals that do not fit these specifications. Moreover, the results showed that the agencies which operate the system of scientific evaluation and rewards play an important role in the modification or permanence of established publication practices as well as for the acceptance of open access by researchers / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

Orientador: Rafael de Almeida Evangelista / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem e Laboratório de Estudos Avançados em Jornalismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:25:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigues_MeghiedeSousa_M.pdf: 3485533 bytes, checksum: 84a876a79df9443267772628adec81b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O intuito que motivou esta pesquisa foi, em um escopo mais alargado, perceber em que medida a divulgação científica está mudando com o uso da Internet no Brasil. Mais especificamente, perceber como os modelos de comunicação pública da ciência se confluem no espaço digital e, perceber se, com o advento das tecnologias em rede, estaria surgindo um novo modelo para além das noções de déficit, diálogo e participação em divulgação científica (TRENCH, 2008) como se conhece hoje. Os caminhos apontados pelo estudo, no entanto, fizeram com que se chegasse a outras avaliações, mais interessantes do que o que o plano inicial poderia prever. Ao invés de fazer uma correspondência entre teoria e prática, modelo e aplicação através de uma análise discursiva dos manuais de divulgação científica (para observar como materializam a ideia de "modelo de comunicação pública de ciência") e da análise de páginas na Internet para saber como déficit, diálogo e participação se manifestam na prática, foi possível revisitar e colocar alguns questionamentos sobre a própria noção de "modelo" e tomar o mapeamento de campo também como problema. A partir daí, foi possível sugerir que o conceito de modulação, de Gilles Deleuze (2000) pode ser um caminho interessante para ajudar a pensar estes modelos, bem como perceber algumas questões que inquietam uma parcela dos divulgadores de ciência no Brasil no que toca sua própria prática ¿ e algumas ideias que informam suas opiniões sobre jornalista, cientista e público. Assim, foi possível perceber, ainda que de forma inicial, que pode ser que modelo e modulação se sobreponham e funcionem sem a necessidade de que um prescinda do outro, embora sejam formulações diferentes. E pode ser que esta seja uma das formas como a divulgação científica aponta para mudanças no meio digital / Abstract: The initial aim of this research was, in a larger scope, notice to what measure science communication is changing with Internet use in Brazil. More in specific, to notice how models of public communication of science blend within the digital space and notice whether, with the emergence of network technologies, a new model besides the currently known notions of deficit, dialogue and participation (TRENCH, 2008) could be looming. The route taken at this study, though, made possible some other evaluations, more interesting than the initial plan could foresee. Instead of making a correspondence between theory and practice, model and application through a discourse analysis of science communication handbooks (so that it could be possible to observe how the idea of "models in public communication of science" materializes) and the study of webpages in order to know how deficit, dialogue and participation manifest in practice, it was possible to revisit and put forth some questions about the notion of "model" itself, and also take the mapping of the field as a problem. From there, it was possible to suggest that the concept of modulation, as in Gilles Deleuze (2000) can be an interesting way to help think these models, as well as notice some issues that disquiet a parcel of science communicators in Brazil in what regards their own practice ¿ and some ideas that inform their opinion about journalist, scientist and public. Therefore, it was possible to notice, even in a still feeble way, that it might be that model and modulation superpose and work without necessarily annulling each other, even being different formulations. And it might be that this is one among the many ways science communication is changing within the digital environment / Mestrado / Divulgação Científica e Cultural / Mestra em Divulgação Científica e Cultural

This thesis presents a study on how four Swedish university libraries use exhibitions as a tool for science communication. I describe the methodology of the exhibitions, how they differ between libraries, and how working with the exhibitions is experienced by the librarians and researchers involved. A smaller part of the study describes how the exhibitions have been made visible online and in social media. All the exhibitions have used a modified version of the five-step model created by Forskarnas Galleri at Malmö University. The exhibitions use a mix of media and tools to present the research. The exhibition experience has happened both synchronously and diachronously, i.e., the visitor has taken part of the knowledge both by visiting the exhibition and by taking part of the literature presented afterwards. Except for during the vernissage, the visitors have experienced the knowledge transfer through indirect mediation, as neither librarians nor researches have been present as permanent guides at the exhibition site during its tenure. Both librarians and researchers agree in their view that the universities see the exhibitions as something positive and worthwhile, and both groups see them as something positive for them personally. The librarians were more unanimously positive to using a more image-based language, while the researchers varied in their responses. Some were more apprehensive and worried that their research message would be altered if it was simplified. Both librarians and researchers expressed that they would have liked to do more with the exhibitions, for instance using them as backdrop for lectures or doing tours. There was a consensus between both groups that it was very hard to assess how many people had visited the exhibition, and what the visitor's view of the exhibitions were. The exhibitions were all visible online and in social media to some extent, but the results varied greatly with some exhibitions being very visible while others barely showed up. Overall, the bibliographic footprint of the exhibition was small, with no traces in an altmetric analysis and only half of the exhibitions being published as 'artistic output' in an open archive. This is a two years master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

Na busca pelo fortalecimento do debate público sobre Ciência Tecnologia & Inovação (CT&I), pesquisadores têm abandonado o confinamento de seus laboratórios para se comunicar diretamente com a sociedade, fazendo uso de diferentes suportes midiáticos, dentre os quais incluem-se os espaços de enunciação escrita como as colunas de jornal e os livros de popularização científica. A Tese de doutorado discute as possibilidades de aproximação da Ciência com a sociedade por meio das mídias escritas e propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre o papel de um tipo de autor: o cientista engajado com a Comunicação Pública da Ciência. Mais especificamente, discute o papel de transcriação autoral de um grupo de escritores cientistas no espaço de popularização da CT&I, por meio da comunicação verbal escrita, a partir da análise do discurso consubstanciado em seus livros de ensaios curtos. Metodologicamente, a compreensão da narrativa de popularização e das cenas de enunciação busca suporte na linha francesa de Análise do Discurso. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que os escritores cientistas se utilizam de alguns recursos epistêmicos e linguístico-literários recorrentes, o que permite conceber o empreendimento ensaístico desses autores em termos de dois modelos estilísticos distintos, mas complementares: o racional e o sensível. A Tese sugere que a composição narrativa textual apoia-se em esquemas de pensamento peculiares, identificados como Refuta/Repara (preponderante no modelo racional) e Conecta/Cria (preponderante no modelo sensível). Demonstra, ainda, que a constituição do gênero de ensaios curtos requer um duplo exercício criativo dos autores: posicionar-se enquanto cientista a respeito de um tema de interesse público e fazê-lo por meio da construção de uma narrativa transcriadora. / In an attempt to empower the public debate about Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I), researchers are breaking the walls of their laboratories in order to communicate more directly with society through a variety of media, including written spaces of enunciation such as newspaper\'s columns and books of science popularization. The Thesis discusses the possibilities offered by written media to bridge the gap between science and society, and provides a critical analysis about the role of a particular kind of author: the scientist engaged with the Public Communication of Science. Particularly, it discusses the authorial transcreation effort conducted by a group of science writers, looking at their discourse in some popular short essays books. Methodologically, the understanding of both the narrative and the enunciation scenes draws on studies of the French school of Discourse Analysis. Results show that science writers tend to use, systematically, some epistemic and linguistic-literary resources, suggesting that their essayistic enterprise can be interpreted in terms of two distinct but complementary models: the rational and the sentient. The Thesis provides evidence that the authors\' textual narrative composition brings together peculiar ways of thinking, identified as Refute/Repair (predominant in the rational model), and Connect/Create (predominant in the sentient model). It also demonstrates that the constitution of the genre of short essays requires, from science writers, a double creative move: as scientist, to take position about issues of public interest, and to do it by means of a transcreative narrative.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-12T13:16:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Pietro Leite.pdf: 1522988 bytes, checksum: 7bb9703a6637cf730c315edf56b89893 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:16:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Pietro Leite.pdf: 1522988 bytes, checksum: 7bb9703a6637cf730c315edf56b89893 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Michael Faraday developed forms of communication throughout his life that was later repurposed as a means of spreading and popularizing the science of the time. This thesis presents, as its main focus his work with the Royal Institution and discusses the relationship between his laboratory work and his conferences. In the first case, in order to publicize his work, Faraday used a more complex form of communication addressed to subject scholars and intellectuals, whereas in his lectures aimed at students, laypeople and curious his language was more accessible. The Christmas Conferences, inaugurated in 1825 - with the first participation of Michael Faraday in 1827 - were lectures aimed at raising funds and reaching a young audience, because these minds are more open to new knowledge and, perhaps, willing to apply it in the near future; England was, undergoing industrial expansion, and had a growing need for human material with the capacity to apply specific knowledge and to capture resources. Being an expanding market, England as this time, naturally offered an excellent opportunity for young people. Michael Faraday himself had been encouraged to become a natural philosopher, through such conferences, which he attended as a young man. Several experimental tests performed by Michael Faraday would help formulate fundamental concepts for the understanding of matter. In this study, we focused, in particular, on the experiments developed in order to be used as a means of scientific dissemination, as well as their form of communications, both for an audience familiar with the subject and for the unfamiliar public / Michael Faraday, ao longo de sua vida, desenvolveu algumas formas de comunicação que foram posteriormente transformadas como um meio de divulgar e popularizar a ciência da época. Esta tese traz, como foco principal, sua atuação junto à Royal Institution, aborda a relação entre seus trabalhos de laboratório e suas conferências. No primeiro caso, para divulgar seu trabalho, Faraday utilizava uma forma de comunicação mais complexa, ao se dirigir a estudiosos do assunto e intelectuais, enquanto que em suas conferências (apresentações), direcionados para estudantes, leigos e curiosos, valia-se de uma comunicação mais simples. Conhecidas como Conferências Natalinas, inauguradas em 1825 – tendo a primeira participação de Michael Faraday em 1827 –, estas palestras visavam angariar fundos e atingir um público jovem, pelo fato destas mentes estarem mais abertas a novos conhecimentos e, quem sabe, dispostas a aplicá-los num futuro bem próximo; haja vista que a Inglaterra, em expansão industrial, tinha necessidade crescente de material humano com capacidade de aplicar conhecimentos específicos e captar recursos. Nesta época, a Inglaterra, além de ser um mercado em expansão, naturalmente oferecia uma excelente oportunidade para os mais jovens. O próprio Michael Faraday havia sido incentivado a tornar-se um (filósofo natural) Homem da Ciência, por meio desse tipo de conferências, das quais participou ainda jovem. Vários testes experimentais realizados por Michael Faraday ajudariam a formular conceitos fundamentais para o entendimento da matéria. Neste estudo focalizamos, especialmente, os experimentos desenvolvidos de forma a serem utilizados como meio de divulgação científica, bem como sua forma de comunicação, tanto para um público familiarizado com o assunto, como para o público não familiarizado

<p>To self-archive is to make research publications freely accessible by depositing them in an open digital archive or on a public website. The aim of this thesis is to explore what Swedish scientists think of self-archiving, what they know about it and how they make use of it, in order to understand why they do not self-archive more actively.</p><p>A web survey was conducted which was answered by 296 scientists at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). Results show that only 24 % have previous experience of self-archiving, but that a majority is willing to self-archive if there are no legal objections or if it is demanded by the research funder. The most important reasons why many scientists do not self-archive are that they feel uncertain about copyright issues and/or lack knowledge about self-archiving.</p>

This study reports on recurring difficulties experienced by undergraduate students with respect to understanding and interpretation of certain symbolism, nomenclature, terminology, shorthand notation, models and other visual representations employed in the field of Molecular Biology to communicate information. Based on teaching experience and guidelines set out by a four-level methodological framework, data on various topic-related difficulties was obtained by inductive analyses of students’ written responses to specifically designed, free-response and focused probes. In addition, interviews, think-aloud exercises and student-generated diagrams were also used to collect information. Both unanticipated and recurring difficulties were compared with scientifically correct propositional knowledge, categorized and subsequently classified. Students were adept at providing the meaning of the symbol “Δ” in various scientific contexts; however, some failed to recognize its use to depict the deletion of a leucine biosynthesis gene in the form, Δ leu. “Hazard to leucine”, “change to leucine” and “abbreviation for isoleucine” were some of the erroneous interpretations of this polysemic symbol. Investigations on these definitions suggest a constructivist approach to knowledge construction and the inappropriate transfer of knowledge from prior mental schemata. The symbol, “::”, was poorly differentiated by students in its use to indicate gene integration or transposition and in tandem gene fusion. Idiosyncratic perceptions emerged suggesting that it is, for example, a proteinaceous component linking genes in a chromosome or the centromere itself associated with the mitotic spindle or “electrons” between genes in the same way that it is symbolically shown in Lewis dot diagrams which illustrate covalent bonding between atoms. In an oligonucleotide shorthand notation, some students used valency to differentiate the phosphite trivalent form of the phosphorus atom from the pentavalent phosphodiester group, yet the concept of valency was poorly understood. By virtue of the visual form of a shorthand notation of the 3,5 phosphodiester link in DNA, the valency was incorrectly read. VSEPR theory and the Octet Rule were misunderstood or forgotten when trying to explain the valency of the phosphorus atom in synthetic oligonucleotide intermediates. Plasmid functional domains were generally well-understood although restriction mapping appeared to be a cognitively demanding task. Rote learning and substitution of definitions were evident in the explanation of promoter and operator functions. The concept of gene expression posed difficulties to many students who believed that genes contain the entity they encode. Transcription and translation of in tandem gene fusions were poorly explained by some students as was the effect of plasmid conformation on transformation and gene expression. With regard to the selection of transformants or the hybridoma, some students could not engage in reasoning or lateral thinking as protoconcepts and domain-specific information were poorly understood. A failure to integrate and reason with factual information on phenotypic traits, media components and biochemical pathways were evident in written and oral presentations. DNA-strand nomenclature and associated function were problematic to some students as they failed to differentiate coding strand from template strand and were prone to interchange the labelling of these. A substitution of labels with those characterizing DNA replication intermediates demonstrated erroneous information transfer. DNA replication models posed difficulties integrating molecular mechanisms and detail with line drawings, coupled with inaccurate illustrations of sequential replication features. Finally, a remediation model is presented, demonstrating a shift in assessment score dispersion from a range of 0 - 4.5 to 4 - 9 when learners are guided metacognitively to work with domain-specific or critical knowledge from an information bank. The present work shows that varied forms of symbolism can present students with complex learning difficulties as the underlying information depicted by these is understood in a superficial way. It is imperative that future studies be focused on the standardization of symbol use, perhaps governed by convention that determines the manner in which threshold information is disseminated on symbol use, coupled by innovative teaching strategies which facilitate an improved understanding of the use of symbolic representations in Molecular Biology. As Molecular Biology advances, it is likely that experts will continue to use new and diverse forms of symbolic representations to explain their findings. The explanation of futuristic Science is likely to develop a symbolic language that will impose great teaching challenges and unimaginable learning difficulties to new generation teachers and learners, respectively. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2007.