Syftet med studien är att i relation till musik- och kulturskolornas verksamhetsidéer/planer få insikt i elbaslärares förhållningssätt till vad som är viktigt för nybörjarelever att lära sig. Utifrån detta syfte är avsikten att försöka förstå vilka lektionsmoment elbaslärare prioriterar i sin undervisning av nybörjarelever, varför de valt att fokusera på just dessa och deras syn på eventuella styrdokument för respektive arbetsplats. Jag har i min undersökning genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra elbaslärare från olika musik- och kulturskolor. Arbetets har sin utgångspunkt i historiska perspektiv på musikkulturskolornas framväxt och de pedagogiska traditioner som format dem samt det sociokulturella perspektivet på lärande.   I resultatet framkommer att det viktigaste för informanterna är att eleven får komma igång och spela så snabbt som möjligt och att den huvudsakliga drivkraften i nybörjarundervisning för elbaselever är lust, glädje och upplevelser – vilket går helt i linje med mycket av de tendenser som behandlas i forskning rörande musik- och kulturskolan samt dess verksamhetsplaner under senare år.   Under diskussionsrubriken diskuteras informanternas syn på vad de tycker är viktigt för nybörjarelever att lära sig i relation till de traditioner, idéer och värderingar som enligt det sociokulturella perspektivet styr hur undervisningen formas. Utöver detta diskuteras musiklärarnas förhållningssätt till rådande styrdokument och deras respektive arbetsplats verksamhetsplan. / The purpose of this study is, in relation to the activity ideas/plans of community schools of music and art, to gain insight into the electric bass teachers approach to what is important for beginners to learn. From this view, the intention is to try to understand which lesson content is prioritized in the teaching of beginners, why they chose to focus on these and their views on possible regulatory documents for each workplace. In my survey I have conducted qualitative interviews with four bass guitar teachers from various community schools of music and art. Work is based on theories of the emergence of community schools of music, the educational traditions that shaped them and the sociocultural perspective on learning.   The results show that the main driving force of beginners teaching for bass guitar students is desire, joy and experiences – which is in line with much of the trends covered in research on community schools of music and art and their activity plans in recent years.   In the discussion section the views on what informants thinks is important for beginners to learn is discussed in relation to the traditions, ideas and values according to previous research which determines how the lessons are shaped. In addition to this the music teacher's attitudes and relations to current regulatory documents at their respective workplace is discussed.

Denna studie har som syfte att undersöka musiklärares syn på arbete för inkludering och ökad mångfald i kulturskolan. Studiens forskningsfråga handlar om hur musiklärare konstruerar och legitimerar sin syn på arbete för inkludering och ökad mångfald i kulturskolan. För att undersöka detta har tre fokusgruppsintervjuer genomförts på tre olika kulturskolor. Studiens teoretiska ramverk består av diskursteori och den data som genererats ur fokusgruppintervjuerna har bearbetats och analyserats med hjälp av diskursanalytiska redskap. I resultatet presenteras sex diskurser utifrån lärarnas konstruktioner om synsätt på arbete för inkludering och ökad mångfald i kulturskolan. Dessa handlar om att arbetet för inkludering och ökad mångfald ses som givet, som motsägelsefullt, som socialt utvecklande, som extern verksamhet, som svårt och som gemensamt ansvar. Resultatet presenterar även föräldrar och skola som två kontextuella påverkansfaktorer som på olika sätt påverkar diskurserna. I diskussionen behandlas två mer övergripande motstridiga diskurser om arbete för inkludering och ökad mångfald som självklart respektive icke självklart, i relation till tidigare presenterad litteratur. / The purpose of this study is to examine music teachers’ views on the work for inclusion and increased diversity in Swedish Community School of Music. The study’s research question concern how music teachers’ construct and legitimate their views on the work for inclusion and increased diversity in Swedish Community School of Music. To examine this three focus group interviews were held at three different schools. The theoretical framework of the study is discourse theory and the data generated from the focus group interviews has been processed and analyzed with discourse analytical tools. In the result the six discourses found are presented based on the teachers’ constructions about the work for inclusion and increased diver- sity in Swedish Community School of Music. These discourses is about how the work for inclusion and increased diversity is seen as given, as contradictive, as social developing, as ex- ternal activity, as difficult and as mutual responsibility. The result also shows parents and school as two contextual factors which affects the discourses in different ways. In the discussion two more general contrarious discourses, about the work for inclusion and increased diversity as obvious and non-obvious, are discussed in relation to previous presented literature.

This thesis addresses one of the major challenges facing education systems in developing countries: that of how to include all children, particularly those from relatively disadvantaged communities. It looks, in particular, at the example in Nepal of children from the Dalit communities, a group known to be disadvantaged and often marginalized within the formal education system. In particular, the study attempts to investigate the barriers that prevent the educational access, participation and progress of these students at the secondary level. This theme was investigated using an ethnographic approach, which examined people's life experiences and culture in natural settings (within schools and in their communities) using data collected through a series of interviews, and observations. It also involved an analysis of the relevant literature and policy documents. What was found is that the reasons for children from the Dalit community being disadvantaged are many and complex. Broadly, they can be summarized as being, first of all, about the difficulties of implementing national policies, particularly in terms of making resources available and providing effective monitoring, even though these policies are very positive about the inclusion of these children. Secondly, it is about the expectations and attitudes amongst the various Dalit communities as to what they want for their children and young people, which are to do with tradition and culture, life styles and economic circumstances. Thirdly, these two sets of factors together put pressure on the schools, which have to find a way of dealing with the challenge of diversity and various expectations. In this way, this research provides some new understanding of the issues that bear on the education of Dalit children. The knowledge gained through this research has practical implications for stakeholders: policy makers, teachers, and Dalit community members and social workers. It is argued that this would help to foster the improvement of policy initiatives and their effective implementation. It could also help to bring changes in the existing attitudes of teachers and Dalit communities that may have a positive impact on Dalit children's integration into education. Most importantly, it has brought a new way of looking at these issues that can be used to inform public debate. The study illustrates the use of a methodology that might usefully be adopted by researchers carrying out research around similar themes in other developing countries. It might also be the case that the barriers that have been identified in Nepal would represent useful starting points for such research.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-25T12:20:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa Monteiro.pdf: 2631905 bytes, checksum: 2cad7ab865aa7b1b05bcc4487895738e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Auxiliadora Lopes(silopes@ufba.br) on 2013-05-16T18:16:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa Monteiro.pdf: 2631905 bytes, checksum: 2cad7ab865aa7b1b05bcc4487895738e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-16T18:16:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloisa Monteiro.pdf: 2631905 bytes, checksum: 2cad7ab865aa7b1b05bcc4487895738e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A pesquisa intitulada: Um estudo de caso sobre a práxis da professora polivalente na Escola Comunitária: os caminhos do ensino de História - investigou o cotidiano de uma professora da 4ª série do Ensino Fundamental durante o ano letivo de 2007, com o objetivo de analisar sua práxis de ensino no que se refere à disciplina História. Através de uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo etnográfico o estudo de caso pretendeu aprofundar as abordagens teóricas que fundamentam a práxis da referida professora. Este trabalho foi realizado em uma Escola Comunitária na cidade de Salvador-Ba, revelando no decorrer da pesquisa os aspectos que caracterizam e definem a rede comunitária e suas relações político-educativas com a história da infância e o ensino de História para crianças nesta cidade. Algumas soluções são apontadas para resolver o paradoxo da professora polivalente que ministra aulas de disciplinas nas quais ela não se especializou e que por isso desconhece as especificidades teóricas e metodológicas destas matérias. / Salvador

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka på vilket sätt Learning study kan fungera som modell för att utveckla kollegialt lärande och bidra till utbyte av erfarenheter mellan lärare i kommunal musik- och kulturskola. För att undersöka detta har ett arbetslag bestående av fyra gitarrlärare vid en kommunal musikskola fått genomföra en gemensam Learning study, med författaren som handledare. I studien användes en kombination av observation och intervju som metod för att följa arbetet och ta del av de deltagande lärarnas upplevelse av Learning study. Resultatet visade att det, genom att använda modellen Learning study, skapades kollegiala samtal och erfarenhetsutbyten som de deltagande lärarna knappt upplevt tidigare, trots lång erfarenhet i yrket. Likaså är ett resultat att modellen inspirerat lärarna till att prova nya idéer i den egna undervisningen. / The purpose of this study was to investigate how Learning Study can act as a model for developing collegial learning and contribute to experience-sharing between teachers in the Community School of Arts and Music. In order to investigate this, four guitar teachers at a Community School of Music has participated in a joint learning study, with the author as a researcher/facilitator. To evaluate the process and taking part of the participating teachers’ experience of learning study a method combining observation and interview was used. The result shows that by using the learning study method a kind of collegial conversations and experience-sharing was created, which the participating teachers had not experienced before. It also inspired the teachers to try new ideas in their own teaching.

Despite the widespread recommendation that schools "collaborate" with parents, little is found in the literature to elaborate on what this term or the common synonym "partnership" means, and further, how schools can invite diverse parental contributions to the table of educational discourse. The current study looks to contribute to the literature by analyzing the parent participation discourse in one community elementary school, utilizing critical discourse analysis and ethnographic observations. The findings reveal both school and parents' conceptions of the parents' partnership role as ancillary to that of the school's and the subsequent lack of true collaboration so advocated by the literature. Implications arise from this analysis which calls into question the examples of "collaboration" found in the literature, given the lack of theorizing regarding what collaboration inside of parent participation means. Contributions may shed light on the unintentional inequality of diverse parents in an effort toward true collaboration utilizing both the European American, middle class contributions of the educational institution alongside those of non-mainstream parents in creating an authentic educational atmosphere for diverse students.

2 Abstract The mail aim of this thesis is to set the concept of community education in the broader perspective of historical sociology and to do a case study to find out in which ways the selected Czech primary community school fulfils the principles of community education in practice. Firstly, the work focuses on the general presenta- tion of basic concepts, which are associated with community education (terms of education and community). This is followed by a description and analysis of the principles of community education and by an overview of its historical roots, first abroad and then in the Czech Republic. Attention is also paid to organizations which try to implement community education in the Czech Republic with emphasis on the role and cooperation of primary schools and civil society organizations. After this theoretically oriented part follows the empirical part, which is introduced by the design of the case study. Then the description of the community primary school is provided and results of the research are introduced. Key Words Community education, principles of community education, community, lifelong learning, community school, organizations of civil society

This qualitative study, pursued within a one–site case study, explores the understanding and implementation of inclusive education in an independent Jewish community school in Johannesburg, South Africa nineteen years post democracy. It analyses the phenomenon of inclusion in a school with a community ethos of care and belonging whose context is by definition exclusionary on grounds of a particular social category, religion. Because of its exclusionary agenda the school can be paradoxically positioned as inclusive on grounds of strong communal values. The school however, struggles with difference and diversity of a certain kind, despite its purportedly strong communal spirit and strong religious culture. This study set out to probe how stakeholders understood inclusive education in an attempt to explain how this influenced their practice of inclusive education. Lewin’s theory of Planned Change and four belief systems were utilized to examine the understanding and practice of stakeholders at the school. The study suggested that the four belief systems influenced the way in which inclusive education was both understood and practised in this school. The study argued for the recognition of the importance of different belief systems in the implementation of inclusion in South Africa. The main research question which guided the study was: How has inclusive education policy been implemented in a mono-cultural community school in South Africa, with the three sub–questions being: 1. How do the various school stakeholders understand the concept of inclusion and what are their attitudes towards inclusion? 2. How is inclusive education managed at class, school and community level? 3. To what extent do their attitudes and understandings influence their practice of inclusive education? It was conducted within an interpretative/constructivist research paradigm and utilized a case study design. It relied on qualitative methods of data generation such as insider interviews, personal accounts and document analysis. The participants were drawn from four stakeholder groups, namely, teachers, parents, middle managers and top managers. The descriptions of the stakeholders’ understandings that emerged in this study highlighted how belief systems determined the action towards inclusive education and how despite the school being a community school, the community discourse did not prevail in the actions towards inclusive education, it was the individual beliefs which vied for dominance which determined inclusive action. This resulted in a qualified and fragmented inclusion and in some cases exclusion. The findings were linked to Lewin’s planned approach to change including field theoretical and group dynamic theories. The study concluded that the four belief systems influenced the way in which inclusive education was both understood and practised in this school and the study argued for the recognition of the importance of different belief systems in the implementation of inclusion in South Africa. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / am2013 / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vad stråkpedagoger har för attityd och syn på begreppet genrebredd samt hur detta kan relateras till undervisning på musik- och kulturskola. Studiens teoretiska ramverk utgörs av diskurspsykologi. För att undersöka detta har fokusgrupper använts som metod där stråkpedagoger inom musik- och kulturskolor har fått diskutera sina synsätt på genrebredd. Gruppsamtalen spelades in med både ljud och bild för att sedan transkriberas. Transkriptionerna analyserades med diskursanalys för att urskilja vilka tolkningsrepertoarer som framträder i samtalen. I resultatdelen beskrivs de olika tolkningsrepertoarerna som framträtt. Stråkpedagogerna ger utlopp för en variation av tolkningsrepertoarer som presenteras genom två huvudteman: Genrebredd som beroende av flera faktorer samt Genrebredd i undervisningen. Vissa av tolkningsrepertoarerna är kontrasterande mot varandra och vissa innefattar variationer inom dem själva. De mest förekommande synsätten hos lärarna är enligt resultatet, att genrebredd beror mycket på deras egen bakgrund, samt att genrebredd ses som ett verktyg för att möta eleven. Samtliga lärare ger dock uttryck för en tolkningsrepertoar där genrebredd ses som ett viktigt arbete. I diskussionen lyfts resultatets mest framträdande tolkningsrepertoarer för att diskuteras i relation med tidigare presenterad litteratur och forskning samt till det teoretiska perspektivet. / The purpose of this study is to examine string teachers’ attitudes and views towards the term genre width and how this could be related to string education in Swedish community school of music. The theoretical framework of the study is discourse psychology. To examine this, focus groups were used as method where string teachers within Swedish Community Schools of music has discussed their point of views on genre width. The conversations were recorded by video and audio to later be transcribed. The transcriptions were analyzed with discourse analysis to distinguish the various interpretative repertoires. The string teachers provide an outlet for a variety of interpretative repertoires, which is presented in two main themes: Genre as dependent of several factors and genre in teaching context. Some of the interpretative repertoires are contrasting to one another and some includes variations within themselves. The most occurring of the teachers’ views seems to be that to broadening the genre, are dependent on their own background, and that it is looked upon as a tool for meeting the student. All teachers express an interpretative repertoire where genre width, is looked upon as an important work. In the discussion, the most highlighted interpretative repertoires of the results are being related to previous research and presented literature and to the theoretical perspective.

The topic of the importance of modern didactic tools in the current conditions of pedagogical practice is considered as contemporary and often discussed. The thesis deals with the question whether the application of modern technology can streamline the work of teachers, including school management and also whether it can become one of the criteria for raising the level of education and organization development. The thesis gives an insight into the ability of school management and other education participants to accept, but also induce changes and innovations in education. It also concerns the issue of schools' open-minded thinking and providing lifelong learning to local community. The thesis attempts to find a mutual relationship between effective application of modern technology, collaboration and the impact on results of entire work. The thesis deals with the use of ICT across different types of schools. The survey should also verify the impact of didactic tools on the quality and results of education by type of school, especially those who participated in the project of Ústi nad Labem Region called Community School (elementary, secondary, special), including feedback. The output of the thesis is summarization, interpretation and completion of the data obtained.