No childbirth education (CE) programs are available in the public sectors in Jordan. Many studies from Jordan recommended that pregnant women be educated about their health needs during pregnancy and childbirth. From the literature, CE programs were found to have positive effects on pregnancy and childbirth outcomes. Four focus groups with pregnant women, midwives and physicians were conducted to examine the perceptions of pregnant women, midwives and physicians regarding the content, feasibility, and challenges of implementing a CE program in Jordan. The 4 focus groups, two with pregnant women (one group with 8 primiparous women and one group with 6 multiparous women), one with 8 midwives, and one with 6 physicians were presented with the content, timing, and a description of three existing CE programs. Findings indicated that pregnant women’s sources of knowledge about pregnancy and childbirth were mainly from other females and doctors but not from midwives. Younger pregnant women reported the Internet as an important source of pregnancy and childbirth knowledge. Findings showed that women were not sure of what they wanted to learn. Midwives and physicians wanted to include warning signs, physical exercises, psychological changes, vii nutrition, breast feeding, newborn heath, sexually transmitted diseases, pain management, postpartum physiology and care, family planning, and planning of pregnancy as content in a new CE program. All participants reported the need to include husbands in CE. However, husbands were considered a potential challenge to implementing a CE program. Other challenges were cost, staff, clients’ responses, and governmental policies. Midwives and physicians thought that CE should be included in free antenatal care. All participants reported support for a new CE program. Midwives and physicians suggested implementing the new program within the facilities of the Ministry of Health (MOH). This would decrease cost and the need for staffing for the new program. They suggested that the CE program could benefit from potential support from international sponsors that affiliate with the MOH. Potential benefits of CE could potentially help gain support from the MOH decision makers and the community in Jordan.

Children develop beliefs about ideal body image and carry these perceptions into adulthood. Consequences of poor body image may include decreased self-esteem, depression, unhealthy lifestyle, and eating disorders. Understanding healthy lifestyle behaviors and the relationship between body image and these behaviors can empower individuals to engage in behaviors to improve health. Pender’s health promotion model provided the theoretical framework for this study. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between body image and healthy lifestyle behaviors among undergraduate university students. An email was sent to undergraduate students, providing a link to the survey that included: demographic, body dissatisfaction, and screen time questions; Prochaska’s physical activity screening measure; and a lifestyle profile by Walker, Sechrist, and Pender. A total of 1056 usable surveys were returned. The majority (71%) were satisfied with their body image, although many (60.3%) wanted to alter it. Most (65.1%) had a normal BMI. Sedentary activity was more than the recommended amount, with only 23.3% meeting physical activity guidelines. Healthy lifestyle behaviors were engaged in “sometimes” and “often, but not routinely.” Body image was correlated with healthy lifestyle behaviors. There was a moderate correlation between activity and body image, and a negative correlation between sedentary activity and healthy lifestyle behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to compare the relative priority rankings assigned by educators and practiontioners of activities performed by school nurses. It examines the factors that under lies the differences in priorities assigned.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en komplex sjukdom som i livets slut ger många svåra symtom. Den sjukes livskvalitet påverkas avsevärt och många vårdas i ordinärt eller särskilt boende den sista tiden i livet. Sjuksköterskan har ett stort ansvar och ska arbeta personcentrerat, ge symtomlindring och främja god livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda personer med hjärtsvikt i livets slut som bor i särskilt boende och ordinärt boende med stöd av hemsjukvård. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats baserad på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl Complete. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Caldwells ramverk och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de behövde mer kunskap om hjärtsviktsbehandling, symtomlindring och palliativt förhållningssätt. De efterfrågade bättre kommunikation och kontinuitet och upplevde att tvärprofessionellt arbete främjade planering och god vård. Vårdmiljön påverkade sjuksköterskornas förutsättning att arbeta personcentrerat.   Slutsats: Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt möjliggörs av en god vårdrelation. Vårdmiljön är beroende av kommunikation, samarbete och kontinuitet. Det finns ett behov av ökade kunskaper kring hjärtsvikt och palliativ vård hos sjuksköterskor och deras förutsättningar är avgörande för god symtomlindring och patientens livskvalitet. / Background: Heart failure is a complex disease with many severe symptoms. The patient's quality of life is significantly affected and end of life care is often provided in nursing homes or in the patient's own home. The nurse has a great responsibility and is expected to work with a person centered approach, provide symptom relief and promote good quality of life. Aim: The purpose of this review was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for people with heart failure at the end of life in nursing homes and home health nursing. Method: Literature review with an inductive approach based on 11 scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The quality of the articles were reviewed with Caldwell's framework and analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: There is a need for more knowledge about heart failure treatment, symptom relief and palliative care. The nurses' expressed a need for better communication and continuity and felt that interprofessional work promoted planning and good care. The care environment affected the nurses' ability to work with person centered care. Conclusion: Person centered care is made possible by a good relationship between the nurse and patient. A caring environment is dependent on communication, cooperation and continuity. There is a need for increased knowledge about heart failure and palliative care among nurses and their work environment play a crucial part in managing the patients symptoms and enabling quality of life.

Introduction and background Opioid use disorder (OUD) is an epidemic in the U.S. OUD affects both the mother’s and infant’s health. Substance-exposed infants suffer from decreased health outcomes relative to non-exposed infants. Purpose The aim is to identify infant health outcomes when pregnant women are prescribed medication-assisted treatment (MAT) for OUD. Among pregnant women with OUD in the U.S., is medication-assisted therapy as compared to no therapy associated with decreased negative infant health outcomes? Literature review Five studies on OUD and infant outcomes in the U.S. were reviewed. CINAHL and PubMed were searched using terms opioid use disorder, pregnancy, and neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). The search was limited to the last five years and full text only. Of the 815 results, five articles were selected that focused on infant outcomes and prevention of NAS. Articles were excluded if the focus was solely on the maternal outcomes, cost, or unoriginal research. One meta-analysis was included that compared two types of MAT for pregnant women with OUD. Findings MAT is correlated with a shorter hospital stay and less severe NAS symptoms in infants. Conclusion and implications Rates of NAS and OUD have increased significantly in the US. Some of the increase may be attributed to the transition to ICD-10 codes. MAT for pregnant women with OUD is associated with better health outcomes for infants. Patient-centered care could help decrease negative health outcomes for both infants and women with OUD. Future study should focus on degrees of opioid exposure and related outcomes.

Introduction and Background: Between 1999 and 2014 the number of patients in the labor and delivery that were on medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) quadrupled. The rate of unintended pregnancies in pregnant patients of mOUD is at a tremendous high due to inconsistencies in the use of reliable contraception in this population. Purpose Statement: To reduce the number of unintended pregnancies and infants born with neonatal abstinence syndrome there is a need for prevention and required education for men and women in medication-assisted facilities. Literature Review: Twenty research studies were reviewed and evaluated. These articles were found by utilizing PubMed, CINAHL, One Search, and Google Scholar. Most articles were discovered in the following Journals: Medical, Contraceptive, Preventative Medicine, Women's Health, Addiction, and Neonatal Nursing Journals. Findings: Through this research, we found there is a need for prevention services and required education onsite at the facility where patients are receiving medication for opioid addiction (mOUD). The following articles show the lack of contraceptive education, and misinformation about reproduction while on methadone or other medication-assisted drugs. Conclusion: The accessibility of having contraceptives onsite with required education for patients who are in treatment has been proven to be more effective and can decrease the number of unintended pregnancies or infants born with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. To be able to give better patient care for this specific demographic it is crucial that nurses are allowed to educate clients.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt är en komplex sjukdom som i livets slut ger många svåra symtom. Den sjukes livskvalitet påverkas avsevärt och många vårdas i ordinärt eller särskilt boende den sista tiden i livet. Sjuksköterskan har ett stort ansvar och ska arbeta personcentrerat, ge symtomlindring och främja god livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda personer med hjärtsvikt i livets slut som bor i särskilt boende och ordinärt boende med stöd av hemsjukvård. Metod: Kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats baserad på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna PubMed och Cinahl Complete. Artiklarna kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Caldwells ramverk och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att de behövde mer kunskap om hjärtsviktsbehandling, symtomlindring och palliativt förhållningssätt. De efterfrågade bättre kommunikation och kontinuitet och upplevde att tvärprofessionellt arbete främjade planering och god vård. Vårdmiljön påverkade sjuksköterskornas förutsättning att arbeta personcentrerat.   Slutsats: Ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt möjliggörs av en god vårdrelation. Vårdmiljön är beroende av kommunikation, samarbete och kontinuitet. Det finns ett behov av ökade kunskaper kring hjärtsvikt och palliativ vård hos sjuksköterskor och deras förutsättningar är avgörande för god symtomlindring och patientens livskvalitet. / Background: Heart failure is a complex disease with many severe symptoms. The patient's quality of life is significantly affected and end of life care is often provided in nursing homes or in the patient's own home. The nurse has a great responsibility and is expected to work with a person centered approach, provide symptom relief and promote good quality of life. Aim: The purpose of this review was to describe nurses’ experiences of caring for people with heart failure at the end of life in nursing homes and home health nursing. Method: Literature review with an inductive approach based on 11 scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The quality of the articles were reviewed with Caldwell's framework and analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: There is a need for more knowledge about heart failure treatment, symptom relief and palliative care. The nurses' expressed a need for better communication and continuity and felt that interprofessional work promoted planning and good care. The care environment affected the nurses' ability to work with person centered care. Conclusion: Person centered care is made possible by a good relationship between the nurse and patient. A caring environment is dependent on communication, cooperation and continuity. There is a need for increased knowledge about heart failure and palliative care among nurses and their work environment play a crucial part in managing the patients symptoms and enabling quality of life.

Alcohol abuse has been a major burden on the society. In the fight against it a key issue the education of the primary care nurses has been ignored. This study evaluates the effect of education program on the attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels of primary care nurses regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment. Data from the Project Mainstream educational intervention were used with permission from the investigators. Two hundred one students and faculty of nursing at Vanderbilt University participated in the intervention, which was designed to train primary care providers in the Brief Negotiated Intervention technique for early detection and treatment of alcohol problems. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the educational intervention. Analysis of the data using paired samples t-test and one way analysis of variance showed statistically significant positive change in the nurses' attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment after the educational intervention. This study has shown the importance of educational intervention in dealing with alcohol abuse.

Purpose To examine the effects of Animal Assisted Therapies with Farm Animals (AATF) with domesticated ducks on depression and anxiety. Aim The proposed study will use single-group time series design and collect survey data to explore the changes in anxiety and depression in patients exposed to AATF. The study will be guided by the Self-Efficacy Theory. The study will involve 30 patients with TBI living in The Crumley House Rehabilitation Center in Limestone, TN. Hypothesis. Engaging in AATF with domesticated ducks will be associated with decrease in anxiety and depression. Approach - Theoretical Framework. Bandura’s Self-Efficacy Theory will be used to guide this study examining AATF effects on anxiety and depression in patients with TBI. Salutogenesis, Social Support, and Self-Efficacy theories were compared in order to select the best theoretical framework for this study. Methods Time series Quasi-experimental design. The study will examine the effects of AATF on anxiety and depression among patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because of the unique characteristics of the patient population (all patients have history of TBI) in this facility no other rehabilitation center can be utilized for comparison. Time series design will ensure that all of the participants will be exposed to the therapeutic intervention, it will not be affected by the conventional treatments the participants are receiving. Projected Results and Anticipated Limitations It is expected that AATF will be effective in reduction of Anxiety and Depression symptoms in the patient with TBI Limitations • Possibility of dropouts may compromise sample size and lead to lower statistical power. • AATF based intervention is impossible to conduct in blinded environment. That in turn may contribute to participant’s expectation of positive outcomes of the interventions in this study. This may be considered an example of subject bias. • AATF treatment cannot be completely standardized. Because the treatment is based on interaction with live animals, animal behavior may be different during each visit to the duck pen. Because of that there is a possibility that the study cannot be exactly replicated. • The participants may have different duration or complexity of treatments for anxiety and depression. This may present a confounding factor that we are not able to control in this study. Conclusion This is a pilot study to examine the effects of AATF with domesticated ducks. This study may serve as a basis in developing more research on this topic with expanding the methodology and sampling in the future.

Introduction & Background: Female athletes are at risk for developing eating disorders, they feel the need to engage in dieting, fasting, vomiting, and diet pills. These actions impact 35-57% of female athletes. An eating disorder can be defined as a variety of mental conditions that are characterized by an imbalance in eating and a weakness in physical or mental health. The female athlete triad is three components including osteoporosis, eating disorders, and amenorrhea (absence of menstrual cycle). Purpose Statement & Research Question: For female athletes around the ages of 18-23, what is the risk of eating disorders compared to their involvement in a competitive sport within the years they are participating in their sport? Literature Review: Sources were pulled from the CINAHL database, these articles are under 5 years of age. Findings: Female athletes develop low body weights. Approximately 4.3% of female athletes struggle with the female triad. The demands of athletes cause extensive stress and unhealthy eating patterns. About 62% of female athletes develop eating disorders. Conclusion & Nursing Implications: Nurses should be educated on how to identify symptoms, educate on risks associated with energy deficiency, and refer athletes to resources. It is important for nurses, coaches, and families to work to promote the health and well-being of athletes, and to prioritize prevention and early intervention when it comes to eating disorders. Key search terms: Search terms include “female athletes”, “the female triad”, “eating disorders”, “eating disorders in sports”, “coaches' role in the female triad”, and “risk for injuries”.