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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wyoming, 2006. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on June 30, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-95).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rhode Island, 2004. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 212-223).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1964. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 88-91.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2006. / Title from title screen (site viewed May 9, 2007). PDF text: 214 p. : ill. ; 0.85Mb UMI publication number: AAT 3238409. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

M.Phil. / This study focuses on the unique characteristic of the human being to function as a spiritual being. It purports the individual's search for sense, meaning and purpose to live and accomplish an authentic life. The study emphasizes the influence of the individual on fellow members of its community within which it functions. Characteristics, which the human being requires to be able to make functional contributions as a spiritual leader, are emphasized. The properties of a functional community, as a contribution to its members' spiritual leadership, are discussed. The negation or ignorance of the spiritual dimension of man is an important contributing factor towards unhappy individuals. Man is ignorant of the spiritual process and denies his own unique self. In this way a community is constructed of 'unstable ' individuals resulting in a problematic community. Communities often experience retrogression with regards to norms and values. Important principles such as respect, trust and love fade. People live in envy of one another and depression become a general simptome. An important reason for this is the incomplete paradigm, where the human being is looked upon as only 'body', 'heart', and 'intellect', whilst the 'spirit' is unwittingly ignored. This study endeavours to disclose a new mental attitude by cultivating greater consciousness with regard to the relationship between spiritual leadership and a functional community. To achieve the objective of this study two questions were asked. What do spiritual leadership and a functional community mean? Is there a relationship between spiritual leadership and a functional community? In a literature study and with the aid of concept analysis t vanalysis these questions were answered. The following important findings were derived from the study. • Humans are more than merely physical, social, emotional and intellectual beings but above all they are spiritual beings. Consequently individuals yearn Navorsingsessay 7 Neiman' Oosthuysen for sense and meaning in their lives, to be of some importance, acceptance of and commitment to themselves, others and to a Superior Being. Should the abovementioned needs not be satisfied, humans are not only unhappy but their physical, intellectual, emotional and social dimensions are affected and this also affects relations with other people. It can be assumed that these unfulfilled needs will also influence the lives of other people with whom such an individual comes into contact. With reference to 'spiritual' a clear distinction is made between the spiritual and religious existence of humans. Man needs spirituality to be religious, but the reverse is not necessarily true. Unfulfilled individuals have a negative impact on the community, which consists of schools, organizations, churches etc. Organizations consist of families, which consist of individuals. These individuals interact and influence one another. In this way each individual indirectly effects the functioning of the community. A connection was found between spiritual leadership and a functional community in the corresponding comparison of characteristics of both concepts. Seven characteristics, related to spiritual leadership and a functional community were identified. The respondents described their community as disfunctional. The interviews indicated that a large majority of the respondents do not have spiritual leadership. The assumption is made that the respondents are a reasonably true representation of how the average person in the community reveals spiritual leadership. This is confirmed by a second group of respondents who associated themselves with the findings, as well as the ethnographical findings of the researcher. One can therefore deduce that there is a relation between spiritual leadership and a functional community. A functional community cannot be created from individuals without a commitment towards themselves. Spiritual leadership is essential for a functional community.

D.Ed. / Communities in any given society are made up of individuals. As individuals are different and unique, so are communities unique in character. Different leaders play different roles in communities and have obtained leadership responsibilities in a variety of ways. Leaders act as leaders because they are appointed by a structure or system like the government. Other leaders act as leaders, because the people just ‘see’ them as their leaders or they are “self-appointed” leaders. The question that arises is what is the role of leaders in a given community? To what extent are they responsible of leading towards and creating a better future? What are the expectations of the community from the leaders whom they have appointed or who act as self-appointed leaders? How does the community experience the ‘leadership’ of their leader? How do the leaders experience their leadership responsibilities? The aim of this study was the description, implementation and evaluation of a psycho-educational programme to facilitate the development of community leaders within an informal settlement (Zandspruit). From a methodological point of view a qualitative research design was utilized to make the purpose of the study a reality. Phenomenological research was conducted whereby leaders from the community of Zandspruit were interviewed by asking them an open-ended question, namely: how is it for you to be a leader xii in this community? The results and data were analysed by open coding and the themes and categories were identified. A literature control was done and a programme was designed based on the research findings. The research indicated that leaders lead with feelings of “incapable of leading” their community. The leaders are preoccupied with their lack of leadership or facilitation skills related to the complexity, expectations, perceptions and challenges of this community. In general, the research has shown that leaders don’t feel they know ‘how’ to lead their community. It also surfaced in this research that this specific community is complex. Although every community are facing challenges to overcome, it seems that in this community the leadership challenges and “stakes” are even higher. Subsequently a leadership development programme was developed. The programme was developed out of themes and categories from the research findings. The intent was to ‘invite’ leaders to embark on a lifelong journey of growth and development. Secondly the programme has the intention to equip leaders in order to become ‘leader of leaders’. The programme was implemented, evaluated and adjusted according to the recommendations and findings. xiii The research therefore puts a leadership development programme in place that will facilitate the development of community leaders within an informal settlement. The intention and hope is that the programme will enhance the personal development of leaders, as well as skills needed in this specific context, that will eventually contribute towards their mental health and wholeness.

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