There are dozens of formalisms specialized programming intelligent virtual agents (IVA). However, there is lack of an evaluation, which would provide the designer of a new agent with an overview of their usability in real-world applications. The goal of this study was evaluation of selected formalisms in order to identify their shortcomings and suggesting improvements. These improvements would allow the designer more accurate control of the IVA's behavior. Evaluation of formalisms was designed based on real-world scenarios and their implementation in different formalisms using the platform Pogamut 3. One of the formalisms is Jason (AgentSpeak language interpreter) and it was connected to that platform as a part of this thesis. During the implementation of the scenarios were identified some problems which make creating the behavior of intelligent virtual agents harder. For these problems was proposed solution in the form of action selection mechanism (ASM) prototype and the basic methodology for designing agents with this ASM. The results of this study could be a starting point for more advanced action selection mechanism, which would allows more precise control of the behavior of intelligent virtual agents. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Cette thèse a pour objectif la mise au jour et la description des pratiques enseignantes en matière de comparaison des langues dans les écoles immersives français-occitan Calandretas. Les activités centrées sur l’observation comparée du fonctionnement de différentes langues font depuis quelques décennies l’objet de nombreuses recherches et suscitent l’intérêt des didacticiens, qui y voient de nouvelles pistes de travail pour l’enseignement des langues étrangères, de la langue maternelle et/ou de scolarisation avec, en arrière-plan, la perspective d’une meilleure maîtrise des langues et du langage. La mise en œuvre de ces activité questionne très clairement le rôle et la place attribués aux langues dans la formation linguistique des élèves, qu’il s’agisse des langues de leur biographie langagière, des langues du curricula, ou de langues inconnues. Les tendances actuelles allant dans le sens du rapprochement des langues entre elles, que ce soit à des fins d’apprentissage d’une langue-cible en particulier ou dans la perspective, plus large, d’une éducation aux langues et au langage, nous nous sommes demandée ce qu’il en était dans le contexte très spécifique de l’enseignement bilingue, et, plus particulièrement, dans le contexte de l’enseignement immersif en langue régionale. Dans les écoles occitanes Calandretas, les enseignants comparent-ils les deux langues de scolarisation (l’occitan et le français), et/ou d’autres langues entre elles ? Si oui, comment et pourquoi ? A partir d’une étude des pratiques déclarées et des pratiques observées menée auprès d’enseignants de cycle 3, notre thèse se propose de rendre compte de la façon dont sont mises en place les situations d’observation comparée du fonctionnement de l’occitan et du français et/ou d’autres langues, mais aussi d’étudier les contenus linguistiques abordés à travers la comparaison. Située à l’interface de la linguistique et de la didactique du plurilinguisme, la thèse cherche également, sur le plan épistémologique, à clarifier la place de la comparaison des langues dans les approches plurielles des langues et des cultures et à préciser ce que signifie comparer les langues. / This thesis aims at presenting and describing the teaching practices related to language comparison in the immersive French-Occitan schools “Calandretas”. Activities focusing on the comparative observation of the functioning of different languages have been widely researched for a number of decades. They are of great interest to applied linguists who consider them as new ways of approaching language teaching, as much of foreign languages, as of the mother tongue or the language of schooling. The implementation of these activities very clearly questions the role and place attributed to languages in the language training of pupils; it addresses the languages of their language biography, of the curriculum or even languages unknown to them. Current trends lean towards disciplinary decompartmentalization and the setting up of links between languages, whether for the purpose of learning a particular target language or the wider perspective of language education. Therefore, I wanted to explore what took place in the very specific context of bilingual education, more specifically in the context of immersive teaching of the regional language. Do the teachers in the Occitan Calandretas schools compare the two languages of schooling (Occitan and French), and / or other languages? If so, how and why? Based on a study of reported and observed practices of teachers of Key Stage 3, our thesis offers to report not only on the way in which the situations of comparative observation of Occitan and French and / or other languages functioning are set up, but also to study the linguistic contents covered by the comparison. Situated at the interface between linguistics and the didactics of multilingualism, this work also seeks, to clarify the place of the comparison of languages in the plural approaches of languages and cultures from the epistemological point of view and to clarify what it means to compare languages.

This Master thesis studies the usage of feminin forms of the nouns describing the profession in three East Slavic languages: Ukrainian, Russian and Belarusian. The work places great emphasis on sociolinguistic and morphological aspects of the formation and usage of these female correlates.