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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Modulation of planar optical microcavities by surface acoustic waves = Modulação de microcavidades ópticas planares por ondas acústicas de superfície / Modulação de microcavidades ópticas planares por ondas acústicas de superfície

Covacevice, Allan Cassio Trevelin, 1989- 28 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Odilon Divino Damasceno Couto Júnior / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T03:39:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Covacevice_AllanCassioTrevelin_M.pdf: 15137963 bytes, checksum: 6269264b01d872c4b40e0034a1575cf5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Neste trabalho, implementamos cálculos feitos através do método de elementos finitos no estudo de propriedades mecânicas e ópticas de microcavidades ópticas planares (POMCs) quando estas estão sob os efeitos de modulação induzidos por ondas acústicas de superfície (SAWs). Começamos resolvendo separadamente os problemas de modulação mecânica e caracterização de modos ópticos. Após isso, fundimos esses dois modelos em um terceiro, permitindo a caracterização da modulação acusto-óptica do sistema, o que nos permite também calcular as alterações induzidas nas propriedades ópticas das POMCs devido às SAWs. Concentramos nossa atenção em POMCs que possuem refletores de Bragg (DBRs) compostos por camadas de materiais fortemente piezoelétricos, como o ZnO e o LiNbO3. Mostramos que, usando em torno de 10 DBRs acima e abaixo da cavidade óptica, POMCs baseadas em ZnO/SiO2 e LiNbO3/SiO2 poderiam, em princípio, apresentar fatores de qualidade excedentes a 104. O alto confinamento de luz na cavidade permite-nos observar efeitos relacionados ao forte acoplamento fóton-fônon induzido pelas SAWs. Em particular, mostramos como a presença de SAWs confere a formação de super-redes ópticas dinâmicas induzidas acusticamente, as quais são caracterizadas pela dobradura ("folding") da dispersão dos fótons na cavidade, e pelo surgimento de "mini" zonas de Brillouin. Nossos resultados estão de acordo com resultados experimentais presentes na literatura. Eles abrem a possibilidade de caracterização de modulações acusticamente induzidas em sistemas de camadas arbitrários e criam uma plataforma muito boa para interpretação de resultados experimentais / Abstract: In this work, we implement finite element method calculations to study the mechanical and optical properties of planar optical microcavities (POMCs) under the strain modulation induced by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). We start by solving separately the problems of mechanical modulation and optical mode characterization. Afterwards, we merge the two models in a single one which enables the characterization of the acousto-optic modulation in the system and allows us to calculate the SAW induced modification in the optical properties of POMCs. We concentrate our attention in POMCs which have distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) composed of layers of highly piezoelectric materials like ZnO and LiNbO3. We show that, using around 10 DBRs on top and below the optical cavity layer, POMCs based on ZnO/SiO2 and LiNbO3/SiO2 could, in principle, have Q-factors exceeding 104. The strong light confinement in the cavity allows us to the observe effects related to the strong photon-phonon coupling induced by the SAW. In particular, we show how the presence of SAWs leads to the formation of acoustically induced dynamic optical superlattices, which are characterized by the folding of photon dispersion in the cavity and the appearance of "mini" Brillouin zones. Our results are in very good agreement with experimental results reported in literature. They open the possibility of characterization of acoustically induced modulation in arbitrary layered systems and create a very good platform for interpretation of experimental results / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física / 2013/118635-2 / 2012/11382-9 / CAPES / FAPESP
112

Evolução morfológica e modularidade / Morphological evolution and modulatory

Diogo Amaral Rebouças Melo 01 October 2012 (has links)
Sistemas morfológicos quantitativos são descritos por medidas contínuas. A relação genética entre essas características dos indivíduos é representada pela matriz de covariância genética aditiva, a matriz G. Entender a evolução da matriz G, portanto, é de suma importância para compreender os padrões de diversificação encontrados na natureza. Neste trabalho estudamos modelos computacionais para a evolução de traços contínuos em populações naturais, sujeitas a variados tipos de seleção e condições internas, focando no problema da evolução dos padrões de integração e modularidade nessas populações. Testamos dois modelos com diferentes combinações de parâmetros em sua capacidade de reproduzir e elucidar padrões naturais. Seleção direcional correlacionada se mostrou uma força importante na criação desses padrões de covariação e a seleção estabilizadora correlacionada se mostrou fundamental para a manutenção desses padrões / Quantitative morphological systems are described by continuous measurements. The genetic relation between these characteristics of the individuals is represented by the genetic additive co-variance matrix, the G matrix. Understanding the evolution of the G matrix is, therefore, of paramount importance for proper interpretation of the patterns of diversification we observe in nature. In this work we study computational models for the evolution of quantitative traits in natural populations, subject to different natural selection and internal conditions, focusing on the problem of the evolution of the pattern of morphological integration and modularity. We test two models with different sets of parameters in their ability to reproduce and elucidate natural patterns. Directional correlated selection was necessary for the shaping of the patterns of morphological integration, and correlated stabilizing selection was fundamental to the maintenance of these patterns
113

As interações espaciais urbanas e o clima : incorporação de análises térmicas e energéticas no planejamento urbano / Urban spatial interactions and climate : incorporating thermal and energetic analysis in urban planning

Brandão, Rafael Silva 27 March 2009 (has links)
O presente trabalho tem por objeto o clima urbano, entendido como a ambiência térmica de uma área limitada, gerada pela interação entre a atmosfera e o ambiente construído de uma cidade, ou de parte dela, que afeta as condições de conforto térmico do pedestre e o consumo energético das edificações. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é gerar uma metodologia de avaliação da ambiência térmica urbana cujos resultados se prestem a orientar decisões de projeto e gestão nas cidades brasileiras. Busca-se verificar a hipótese de que a ocupação urbana pode ser descrita somente através de variáveis que são frequentemente utilizadas na legislação urbana taxa de ocupação, coeficiente de aproveitamento e recuos e que estas variáveis são suficientes para que se determine a ambiência térmica de um determinado espaço urbano. O método de trabalho se dividiu em duas etapas, uma dedutiva, na qual modelos de simulação do comportamento térmico urbano foram estudados e/ou desenvolvidos, e outra indutiva, na qual os modelos encontrados foram aplicados a um estudo de caso, com o objetivo de avaliar a relação entre os resultados ambientais e a ocupação da área. Neste processo, foram utilizados modelos analíticos, programas computacionais de simulação de fluidodinâmica e ferramentas de geoprocessamento. Os resultados obtidos levaram a uma refutação da hipótese, considerando-se que outras variáveis devem ser incorporadas ao planejamento urbano e às legislações de uso e ocupação do solo, caso se queira determinar de forma adequada o impacto de uma área na ambiência térmica. Foram propostas equações de regressão que relacionam a ocupação urbana com variáveis meteorológicas locais. Apesar da aplicabilidade limitada, tais equações podem ser utilizadas para gerar recomendações gerais de planejamento. O processo desenvolvido para obter as equações pode ser utilizado na avaliação comparativa de áreas urbanas e, com a incorporação de critérios de qualidade e metas, pode ser transformado em um procedimento para avaliação de desempenho urbano. / This paper deals with the urban climate, defined as the thermal environment of a limited area, generated by the interaction of the atmosphere and a city, which affects thermal comfort of pedestrians and energy consumption of buildings. The main objective is to develop an assessment methodology for the urban thermal environment, the results of which can support design and planning decisions in Brazilian cities. The hypothesis is that usual planning variables plot ratio, plan density index and setbacks suffice as means to describe urban occupation and to determine its thermal environment. The method consists in two phases: a deductive one, in which thermal simulation models were studied or developed, and a inductive one, in which the researched models were used to assess a study case. The assessment results were superposed with occupation parameters for the area, in order to determine correlations among environmental and occupation variables. During this process, the research included the use of analytical models, CFD simulation and GIS tools. The results did not corroborate the hypothesis. This lead to the conclusion that other variables must be incorporated to urban planning, in order to determine the impact of occupation on thermal environment. Regression equations were developed, relating occupation parameters and thermal and energetic variables. Even though their applications are limited, they may be used as a rule of thumb method for early design stages. The method developed for the obtaining of the equations may be used for evaluating comparatively different occupation proposals. If performance criteria are determined, the method may be transformed into a urban thermal performance assessment method.
114

Vliv prvku pasivní bezpečnosti vozidel při kolizích s chodci / The Influence of Passive Safety Features During Vehicle Collisions with Pedestrians

Mrázek, Jan January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with the influence of passive safety features during vehicle collisions with pedestrians. The first part focuses on introducing the basic components of active and passive vehicle safety. The second part deals with construction and usage of modern components of passive safety during vehicle collisions with pedestrians. A comparing situation model of vehicle collisions with pedestrian is introduced in the third part for which a simulation programme has been used. At the close of this part there is a result synthesis of these model situations. The last part deals with the possibility of increasing pedestrian safety.
115

Feasibility Study of Solar-Wind Hybrid Power System for Rural Electrification at the Estatuene Locality in Mozambique

Silinto, Berino Francisco, Bila, Nelso Alberto January 2015 (has links)
This project work focuses on the feasibility study of a hybrid PV-Wind System for rural electrification at the Estatuene Locality in southern Mozambique. This is in line with electricity network expansion, which, in Mozambique shows high implementation cost and low operation cost. Through field research, an analysis was made of the actual electrical demand in the Estatuene rural community. The wind data was collected from the installed weather stations in the region while the solar data were extracted internally from the HOMER software by introducing the site coordinates. All the configurations, simulations and selection of hybrid systems were also made using HOMER. For the Estatuene rural community it was estimated a scaled annual average demand of 9.4 kWh/day with a peak load of 1.4 kW for DC charge; and a total scaled annual average of 133 kWh/day with a peak load of 15.3 kW for AC Charge. The annual mean solar potential is 5.205 kWh/m2/d, and the mean wind speed is 4.84 m/s for 12 meters above the ground. Thus the calculations and the selection of the best configuration of the hybrid system were crossed out with the technical specifications and costs of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, power converter, batteries, and the electricity network, specifically for the comparison between an optimum hybrid system solution and two separate ones. The calculations presented an analysis of the technical and the financial viability of the selected hybrid system for local electric power production.
116

Few cycle pulse laser induced damage studies of gallium oxide and gallium nitride

Harris, Brandon Eric January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
117

Investigation into Offset Streams for Jet Noise Reduction

Mustafa, Mansoor 04 September 2015 (has links)
No description available.
118

Optimalizace modálního tlumení lopatek vysokotlakých stupňů parních turbín / Optimization of Modal Damping of Blades in High Pressure Stages of Steam Turbine

Lošák, Petr January 2011 (has links)
Steam turbine rotor is a very complicated assembly, typically consists of several rotor rows. Due to design limitations and increasing demands on the efficiency of the steam turbines, it is practically impossible to avoid all of the resonant states. The significant vibrations can occur, for example, due to passing resonance state during turbine start up or run out. In the worst case the turbine operates state is close to the resonance state of the rotor row. This leads to the significant oscillation of the bladed disk, and may results in the blade (or blade to disk joints) high cycle fatigue. These parts are highly loaded components and any cracks are unacceptable. Therefore it is absolutely necessary to damp vibration by using, for example, passive damping elements. The damping element analyzed in this thesis is a strap with an isosceles trapezoidal cross section, which is placed in the circumferential dovetail groove in the blade segmental shrouding. The sliding between the contact surfaces leads to the dissipation of energy which causes decreasing of undesirable vibrations. The main aim is to design the optimal dimensions of the strap cross-section with a view to the most effective damping of vibration for a particular turbine operating state. Considered bladed disk has 54 blades which are coupled in 18 packets by segmental shrouding. The damping element is paced in circumferential dovetail groove created in the shrouding. This type of damping element is suitable especially for damping vibrations in the axial direction and only with the mode shape with the nodal diameters. The modal properties of the bladed disk are influenced by the sliding distance. Since the friction force depends on centrifugal force acting on the damping element and on the angle of the side walls of the strap and groove, the sliding distance can be influenced by the damping element dimensions. During the optimization process the best possible size of middle width, height and angle of damping element cross-section is searched. The strap weight, contact area size and flexural stiffness of damping element can be influenced by these parameters. Their change has also impact on the size of the contact pressure and thus on the size of relative motion as well. As stated previously, the damping efficiency is influenced by the relative motion between the damping element and shrouding. Numerical simulation in time domain is very time-consuming, especially for systems containing nonlinearities. In order to verify dynamic behavior of the computational model with the passive friction element in numerical simulations, the simplified model is created. The model is created in the ANSYS environment. The main requirement imposed on this model is to have as small number of degrees of freedom as possible, so the time needed to perform the simulation is reduced to a minimum. To satisfy this requirement the simplified model is a cantilever beam with rectangular cross section. The dovetail groove is created in this model in longitudinal direction. In this groove is damping element. In addition to damping element dimensions optimization, the influence of each design variable on model dynamic behavior is studied. The results are verified experimentally. Experiment also shows other interesting results that confirm the damping element influence on the modal characteristics. The gained knowledge is used to optimize the dimensions of the damping element in the model of the bladed disk.
119

Protocolo de roteamento de dados para redes de sensores sem fio com nó coletor móvel para controle da deriva em pulverização agrícola. / Routing data protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile sink to spray drift control in crop spraying.

Santos, Ivairton Monteiro 17 December 2013 (has links)
A aplicação eficiente de agrotóxicos é um desafio na produção agrícola, mesmo considerando os avanços com a agricultura de precisão. O efeito deriva é o principal responsável pela ineficiência no controle das pragas ou doenças, pelo desperdício de recursos e pela contaminação ambiental. Para minimizar a deriva é essencial conhecer as condições ambientais como vento, temperatura e umidade. Esta pesquisa propõe o uso das redes de sensores sem fio como sistema de monitoramento ambiental e de suporte ao processo de pulverização agrícola, especialmente a pulverização executada por aeronave. São propostas três funcionalidades para o sistema: avaliação das condições ambientais, verificando se as condições estão apropriadas para a pulverização, buscando minimizar a ocorrência da deriva; suporte na definição e manutenção da rota do veículo pulverizador por meio dos dados do vento, de modo a efetuar ajustes na rota de pulverização e manter a aplicação do defensivo agrícola na área alvo; e a avaliação da eficácia da pulverização por meio dos dados da deposição do produto pulverizado coletados pela rede de sensores. Para viabilizar a utilização das redes de sensores sem fio no controle da deriva é proposto um protocolo de roteamento de dados que visa garantir a coleta dos dados pelos nós e a entrega para o veículo pulverizador, mesmo sendo ele um avião e se deslocando em alta velocidade. Para demonstrar a viabilidade do sistema proposto, foi desenvolvido um sistema de simulação computacional que considera os aspectos das redes de sensores sem fio e as características do protocolo de roteamento proposto. Os resultados demonstraram sua viabilidade, demonstrando que as redes de sensores sem fio podem ser utilizadas como suporte em um sistema de controle da deriva, incrementando a qualidade da pulverização, reduzindo custos e a contaminação ambiental. / The efficient application of low cost pesticides is a challenge for agricultural production. Pesticide drift is the major cause of money loss, inefficiency in crop disease control, and environmental contamination in the crop spraying process. At the time of application, it is essential to know the environmental conditions, such as wind, temperature and humidity to minimize contamination by pesticide drift. This study proposes the use of wireless sensor networks in a support and control system for crop spraying, especially in aircraft application methods. Three system functionalities are proposed: In the first case, the sensor network evaluates environmental data at the time of application to notify the user if the environmental conditions are suitable for continuing with the application. The second case evaluates the wind speed and its direction to suggest corrections in the path of a spray vehicle. Due to this alteration in the vehicle path, the pesticide will be applied only in the appropriate area. The final case involves collecting data samples and analyzing the quality of the spraying operation by evaluating the deposition of pesticide over the crop. This work proposes a new routing data protocol to make possible the use of wireless sensor networks in aerial crop spraying. It ensures that the sensor node data will be delivered to the sink node. Through computer simulations, wireless sensor networks are shown to be useful in crop spraying to minimize and to control pesticide drift, to improve the quality of application, to reduce environmental contamination and to reduce costs and the duration of the application operation.
120

Simulação computacional de sistemas de registro de imagens mamográficas / Computational simulation of mammographic images recording systems

Senhorini, Kathy Camila Cardozo Osinski 08 January 2004 (has links)
Neste projeto foi desenvolvido um método computacional para verificação da melhor combinação tela intensificadora - filme para exames mamográficos através do estudo de suas características sensitométricas. O software, desenvolvido em ambiente Delphi para windows, apresenta na tela do microcomputador a imagem a ser obtida para cada tipo de combinação tela intensificadora - filme, utilizando imagens de \"Phantoms\" e de mamas reais. Em razão da ampla quantidade de fatores que influenciam a imagem mamográfica final, tais como magnificação, característica dos filmes e telas intensificadoras e condições da processadora, o método proposto pode proporcionar uma ampla avaliação da qualidade dos sistemas de imagem mamográfica de uma forma simples, rápida e automática, através de procedimentos de simulação computacional. A simulação investigou a influência que um determinado sistema de registro exerce sobre a qualidade da imagem, possibilitando conhecer previamente a imagem final a ser obtida com diferentes equipamentos e sistemas de registro. Dentre os sistemas investigados, três filmes (Kodak Min R 2000, Fuji UM MA-HC e Fuji ADM) e duas telas intensificadoras (Kodak Min R 2000 e Fuji AD Mammo Fine), aquele que apresentou melhores resultados, com melhor qualidade de imagens e menor exposição à paciente foi o de tela Min R 2000 com filme Min R 2000 da Kodak. / The present research has as main objective the development of a computational method for verification of the best combination screen-film for mammographic examinations through the study of its sensitometric characteristics. The software interface was developed in Delphi for windows and display the image to be gotten for each type of combination screen-film, using images of Phantoms and real breasts. Because several factors influence the final mammographic image, such as magnification, characteristic of the films and screens and conditions of the processing, the method can provide an ample evaluation of the quality of the systems of mammographic image of a simple, fast and automatic form, through procedures of computational simulation. The simulation investigates the influence of a register system on the quality of the image, making it possible to know the final image previously to be gotten with different equipment and register systems. Three films (Kodak Min R 2000, Fuji UM MA-HC and Fuji ADM) and two screens (Kodak Min R 2000 and Fuji AD Mammo Fine) was avaliable and the screen Min R 2000 with film Min R 2000 was the best result with less exposure.

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