O processo de desenvolvimento do produto (PDP) tem assumido uma importância crescente na indústria devido ao aumento da complexidade de produtos e processos de produção, bem como às pressões para o atendimento dos requisitos do cliente em prazos cada vez menores. A Engenharia Simultânea (ES) é uma abordagem que surgiu em resposta a estas mudanças. Foi inicialmente desenvolvida na indústria na manufatura, a partir da organização simultânea de diferentes funções envolvidas no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. A aplicação da engenharia simultânea na construção civil tem sido estudada por acadêmicos, principalmente em empreendimentos que possuem grande incerteza e elevado grau de interdependência entre as atividades. Neste contexto, a falta de integração entre projeto e produção e a ineficácia do planejamento e controle do processo de projeto têm sido apontadas como importantes lacunas de conhecimento. Apesar dos resultados promissores de alguns estudos que buscaram adaptar ferramentas de planejamento e controle da produção, existe a necessidade de investigar a implementação de algumas práticas essenciais que viabilizem a sobreposição entre projeto e produção, tais como a redução do tamanho dos lotes de informação e o seqüenciamento de atividades de projeto. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em propor diretrizes para a segmentação e seqüenciamento das atividades no processo de projeto em ambientes simultâneos na construção civil, envolvendo empreendimentos complexos, rápidos e com elevado grau de incerteza. O método de pesquisa envolveu a realização de três estudos de caso em empreendimentos de uma empresa construtora de Porto Alegre, atuante no mercado de edificações industriais, hospitalares e comerciais, nos quais os processos de projeto e produção são desenvolvidos em geral de forma simultânea. Entre outras conclusões o estudo indicou que a redução do tamanho dos lotes de projeto a serem desenvolvidos é influenciada pelo escopo de projetos contratados, assim como pela complexidade e o porte do edifício projetado. Outros fatores relevantes à redução do tamanho dos lotes são a capacidade de produção dos projetistas e a interdependência entre as diferentes disciplinas de projeto. Foi constatado que o seqüenciamento das atividades de projeto neste contexto é fortemente influenciado pelo planejamento da produção e que a antecipação na consideração de restrições legais e de requisitos do cliente, bem como a integração da equipe multidisciplinar de projeto ao longo do processo podem contribuir à redução de iterações desnecessárias em projeto. O trabalho apresentou como contribuições conceituais o melhor entendimento do processo de projeto com relação às interdependências em projeto, além do conhecimento de uma possível forma para a realização coordenação de projetos neste contexto. / The product development process (PDP) has recently grown in importance in many industries mostly due to the increasing product and process complexity, and to the growing pressures to respond quickly to client requirements. Concurrent Engineering (CE) is an approach that has emerged as a response to those changes. It was originally developed in manufacturing industries, based on the simultaneous organization of different functions involved in product development. The application of CE in construction has been investigated by the research community, especially in projects in which there is high uncertainty and interdependence. In this context, the lack of integration between design and production processes and the ineffectiveness of design planning and control have been pointed as important knowledge gaps. Despite the promising results achieved by the adaptation of some production planning and control mechanisms to the design process, there is a need to investigate the implementation of some key practices to make it possible the integration of design and production planning process, such as the reduction of information batches and the sequencing of design activities. The aim of this research is to propose guidelines for the reduction of activities batch sizes and for sequencing design activities in concurrent environments, typical of complex, uncertain and fast construction projects. The research method involved three case studies, in different construction projects carried by the same company, based in Porto Alegre – RS, that builds industrial, commercial and heath-care buildings, in which design and production are usually developed simultaneously. This study indicated that the reduction of design batch sizes depends on the scope of the design, the complexity of the final product, the capacity of the design team, and the degree of interdependence among different design disciplines. Moreover, the sequencing of design activities in this context is strongly influenced by production planning, and the early consideration of legal constraints and client requirements, and the degree of the integration in the design team play very important roles in the reduction of unnecessary design iteration. Finally, the main conceptual contribution of this research work is concerned with understanding the design process with regards to the interdependence among different design disciplines and the knowledge for devising approaches to coordinate this process in such context.

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T14:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VIEIRA_Antonio_2016.pdf: 1886204 bytes, checksum: efac2c7ffd0182c1ed800453f19509a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T14:22:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VIEIRA_Antonio_2016.pdf: 1886204 bytes, checksum: efac2c7ffd0182c1ed800453f19509a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-28T14:22:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VIEIRA_Antonio_2016.pdf: 1886204 bytes, checksum: efac2c7ffd0182c1ed800453f19509a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-28T14:23:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VIEIRA_Antonio_2016.pdf: 1886204 bytes, checksum: efac2c7ffd0182c1ed800453f19509a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-30 / Não recebi financiamento / This work, an action research, was conducted in a multinational Germany company, manufacturer of industrial gearboxes, and aimed to compare the differences between the product development process model (PDP) above and the PDP model proposed in this research, from the design of a series consisting of thirteen sizes of modular planetary gearboxes. This research is justified from the need for constant deployment tools that help to minimize costs and maximize productivity results in organizations, using as an example, the modular planetary gearbox due to its high and demand and market potential. Among the benefits found on the basis of the adopted model exchange are setting up the project teams (creation of cross-functional team), parallelism of activities (project developed and validated by a team), a better way to integrate the project's clients (meetings brainstorming and feedback) as well as the possibility to use in support of product development tools (DFMA - Design for Manufacturing and Assembly, DFM – Design for Manufacturability, among others). In addition, the practice of the new model was possible to give emphasis to consumer preferences, always considering the quality, cost and development time to market The main result, we obtained the implementation of an integrated PDP model and simultaneously with development time gain and manufacturing (70% reduction in rework elaborate designs to manufacturing and 50% of new projects development time), reducing equipment costs by 7.5% compared to the equipment developed sequentially. Through this implementation, it was still possible to draw up a catalog of modular planetary gearboxes, translated into 5 languages and distributed in more than 13 countries in Europe, Asia and America. The catalog also provided to the sellers a faster response to customers and the release of the product worldwide. / Este trabalho, uma pesquisa-ação, foi realizado em uma empresa multinacional de origem alemã, fabricante de redutores de velocidade industriais, e teve como objetivo principal comparar as diferenças entre o modelo de processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP) anterior e o modelo de PDP proposto durante a realização desta pesquisa, a partir do projeto de uma série composta por treze tamanhos de redutores planetários modulares. Esta pesquisa se justificou a partir necessidade de implementação constante de ferramentas que auxiliem a minimizar os custos e maximizar os resultados de produtividade nas organizações, utilizando-se como exemplo, os redutores de velocidade planetários modulares devido à sua alta e demanda e potencial de mercado. Entre os benefícios encontrados em função da troca de modelo adotado estão a configuração das equipes de projeto (criação da equipe multifuncional), o paralelismo das atividades (projeto desenvolvido e validado por uma equipe), uma melhor forma de integrar os clientes do projeto (reuniões de brainstorm e de feedback), assim como a possibilidade de utilizar ferramentas de apoio ao desenvolvimento de produtos (DFMA - Design for Manufaturing and Assembly, DFM – Design for Manufacturability, entre outras). Além disso, com a prática do modelo novo foi possível dar ênfase às preferências dos consumidores, sempre considerando a qualidade, custo e tempo no desenvolvimento para o mercado. Como principal resultado, obteve-se a implantação de um modelo de PDP integrado e simultâneo com ganho de tempo de desenvolvimento e de manufatura (redução de 70% nos retrabalhos de desenhos elaborados para a manufatura e de 50% do tempo de desenvolvimento de novos projetos), reduzindo os custos do equipamento em 7,5% se comparado ao equipamento desenvolvido de maneira sequencial. Através dessa implementação foi possível ainda a elaboração de um catálogo de redutores planetários modulares, traduzido em 5 idiomas e distribuído em mais de 13 países da Europa, Ásia e América. O catálogo também propiciou aos vendedores uma resposta mais rápida para os clientes e a divulgação do produto em todo o mundo.

En conception distribuée, dans la phase du dimensionnement du produit, des incohérences peuvent émerger entre les objectifs de conception et entre les procédures de travail des sous-systèmes hétérogènes. Dans cette phase, les acteurs de conception doivent collaborer d’une manière concourante, car leurs tâches sont reliées les unes aux autres par les couplages de dimensionnement entre leurs sous-problèmes. Les incohérences peuvent provoquer des conflits de conception en raison de ces couplages. La question est de savoir comment obtenir une convergence collaborative pour satisfaire les objectifs globaux et individuels des acteurs de conception lorsque ces acteurs prennent des décisions de conception sous incertitude. L'objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un modèle pour empêcher et résoudre les conflits de conception, tout en surmontant le problème de l'incertitude de la conception avec l'approche de « conception basée sur les ensembles » (SBD). Pour cela, les attitudes de conception sont modélisées avec le paradigme « Croyances-Désirs-Intentions » afin d'explorer les incohérences et gérer les conflits dans les processus de conception. L'approche ascendante conventionnelle est ainsi étendue grâce à des techniques de modélisation multi-agents. Dans cette approche, les agents de conception peuvent fixer des exigences directement sur leurs indicateurs de « bien-être ». Ces indicateurs représentent la manière dont leurs objectifs de conception sont susceptibles d'être satisfaits à un moment donné du processus. Des simulations de Monte Carlo sont effectuées pour évaluer la performance de cette approche, offrant une variété d'attitudes de l'agent. Par rapport aux approches classiques de conception ascendante et descendante, les résultats révèlent moins de conflits de conception et une intensité des conflits réduite. Les techniques de « problème de satisfaction de contraintes » (CSP) et les attitudes de conception sont appliquées pour détecter et justifier des conflits de conception entre les agents hétérogènes. Une nouvelle forme du modèle « Cooperative CSP » (CoCSP) est ainsi mise au point afin de résoudre les conflits de conception en détectant le compromis entre les contraintes. Le système de résolution des conflits peut être adopté grâce à différentes stratégies proposées qui prennent en compte l'architecture de solidarité des agents. Les résultats des simulations montrent que l'intensité des conflits en conception distribuée est réduite par la promotion de la solidarité qui déclenche une aide aux agents en souffrance. / In the product dimensioning phase of a distributed design, inconsistencies can emerge among design objectives as well as among working procedures of heterogeneous subsystems. In this phase, design actors which compose subsystems must collaborate concurrently, since their works are linked to each other through dimensioning couplings among their sub-problems. Inconsistencies through these couplings yield thus to design conflicts. The issue is how to obtain a collaborative convergence to satisfy the global and individual objectives of design actors when making design decisions under uncertainty. The objective of this dissertation is to propose a model for preventing and resolving design conflicts in order to obtain a collaborative convergence, while overcoming the design uncertainty through Set-based Design (SBD). Design attitudes are modeled with Belief-Desire-Intention paradigm to explore inconsistencies and manage conflicts in design processes. The conventional bottom-up approach is thus extended through agent-based attitude modeling techniques. In this approach, design agents can set requirements directly on their wellbeing values that represent how their design targets are likely to be met at a given moment of the design process. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the performance of this approach, providing a variety of agent attitudes. Compared to conventional bottom-up and top-down design approaches, the results reveal a fewer number of design conflicts and a reduced aggregated conflict intensity. Constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) techniques and design attitudes are both applied to detect and justify design conflicts of heterogeneous design agents. A novel cooperative CSP (CoCSP) is developed in order to resolve design conflicts through compromising constraint restriction. The conflict resolution system can be adopted for different proposed strategies which take into account the solidarity architecture of design agents. The simulation results show that while promoting solidarity in distributed design by helping agents that suffer, the conflict intensity is reduced, and better design results are obtained.

O processo de desenvolvimento do produto (PDP) tem assumido uma importância crescente na indústria devido ao aumento da complexidade de produtos e processos de produção, bem como às pressões para o atendimento dos requisitos do cliente em prazos cada vez menores. A Engenharia Simultânea (ES) é uma abordagem que surgiu em resposta a estas mudanças. Foi inicialmente desenvolvida na indústria na manufatura, a partir da organização simultânea de diferentes funções envolvidas no desenvolvimento de novos produtos. A aplicação da engenharia simultânea na construção civil tem sido estudada por acadêmicos, principalmente em empreendimentos que possuem grande incerteza e elevado grau de interdependência entre as atividades. Neste contexto, a falta de integração entre projeto e produção e a ineficácia do planejamento e controle do processo de projeto têm sido apontadas como importantes lacunas de conhecimento. Apesar dos resultados promissores de alguns estudos que buscaram adaptar ferramentas de planejamento e controle da produção, existe a necessidade de investigar a implementação de algumas práticas essenciais que viabilizem a sobreposição entre projeto e produção, tais como a redução do tamanho dos lotes de informação e o seqüenciamento de atividades de projeto. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em propor diretrizes para a segmentação e seqüenciamento das atividades no processo de projeto em ambientes simultâneos na construção civil, envolvendo empreendimentos complexos, rápidos e com elevado grau de incerteza. O método de pesquisa envolveu a realização de três estudos de caso em empreendimentos de uma empresa construtora de Porto Alegre, atuante no mercado de edificações industriais, hospitalares e comerciais, nos quais os processos de projeto e produção são desenvolvidos em geral de forma simultânea. Entre outras conclusões o estudo indicou que a redução do tamanho dos lotes de projeto a serem desenvolvidos é influenciada pelo escopo de projetos contratados, assim como pela complexidade e o porte do edifício projetado. Outros fatores relevantes à redução do tamanho dos lotes são a capacidade de produção dos projetistas e a interdependência entre as diferentes disciplinas de projeto. Foi constatado que o seqüenciamento das atividades de projeto neste contexto é fortemente influenciado pelo planejamento da produção e que a antecipação na consideração de restrições legais e de requisitos do cliente, bem como a integração da equipe multidisciplinar de projeto ao longo do processo podem contribuir à redução de iterações desnecessárias em projeto. O trabalho apresentou como contribuições conceituais o melhor entendimento do processo de projeto com relação às interdependências em projeto, além do conhecimento de uma possível forma para a realização coordenação de projetos neste contexto. / The product development process (PDP) has recently grown in importance in many industries mostly due to the increasing product and process complexity, and to the growing pressures to respond quickly to client requirements. Concurrent Engineering (CE) is an approach that has emerged as a response to those changes. It was originally developed in manufacturing industries, based on the simultaneous organization of different functions involved in product development. The application of CE in construction has been investigated by the research community, especially in projects in which there is high uncertainty and interdependence. In this context, the lack of integration between design and production processes and the ineffectiveness of design planning and control have been pointed as important knowledge gaps. Despite the promising results achieved by the adaptation of some production planning and control mechanisms to the design process, there is a need to investigate the implementation of some key practices to make it possible the integration of design and production planning process, such as the reduction of information batches and the sequencing of design activities. The aim of this research is to propose guidelines for the reduction of activities batch sizes and for sequencing design activities in concurrent environments, typical of complex, uncertain and fast construction projects. The research method involved three case studies, in different construction projects carried by the same company, based in Porto Alegre – RS, that builds industrial, commercial and heath-care buildings, in which design and production are usually developed simultaneously. This study indicated that the reduction of design batch sizes depends on the scope of the design, the complexity of the final product, the capacity of the design team, and the degree of interdependence among different design disciplines. Moreover, the sequencing of design activities in this context is strongly influenced by production planning, and the early consideration of legal constraints and client requirements, and the degree of the integration in the design team play very important roles in the reduction of unnecessary design iteration. Finally, the main conceptual contribution of this research work is concerned with understanding the design process with regards to the interdependence among different design disciplines and the knowledge for devising approaches to coordinate this process in such context.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-13T13:21:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cássio Landim Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 3929731 bytes, checksum: 438916584696fc0815c232bacc624152 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-13T13:22:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cássio Landim Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 3929731 bytes, checksum: 438916584696fc0815c232bacc624152 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T13:22:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Cássio Landim Ribeiro - 2017.pdf: 3929731 bytes, checksum: 438916584696fc0815c232bacc624152 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-29 / This paper presents a new methodology aimed at increasing efficiency in the dimensioning and approval stage of aerial rural electricity distribution lines projects. As a substitute for the sequential process currently employed, the approach proposed here is based on Simultaneous Engineering, where all the actors of the process have access to the computational tool, in a web platform, that allows implementing the methodology, enabling the multidisciplinary activity to be carried out in a parallel way. The estimates gathered indicate that the tool will allow the reduction of the time spent for the elaboration and approval of the projects, allowing: to reduce the total cost in man-hour spent by the electric utility; satisfy the customer's needs more quickly; optimize the mechanical dimensioning of distribution lines; and provide additional financial gain to the concessionaire due to the reduction of the average time to effectively start supplying electric power. / Neste trabalho, é apresentada uma nova metodologia dirigida ao aumento da eficiência nas etapas de dimensionamento e de aprovação de projetos de linhas rurais aéreas de distribuição de energia elétrica. Em substituição ao processo sequencial atualmente empregado, a abordagem proposta aqui é baseada em Engenharia Simultânea, onde todos os atores do processo têm acesso à ferramenta computacional, em plataforma web, que permite implementar a metodologia, possibilitando realizar a atividade multidisciplinar, em paralelo, de maneira mais ágil. As estimativas realizadas indicam que a ferramenta possibilitará a redução do tempo gasto para a elaboração e aprovação dos projetos, permitindo: reduzir o custo total em homem-hora despendido pela concessionária de energia elétrica; satisfazer a necessidade do cliente de maneira mais rápida; otimizar os dimensionamentos mecânicos das linhas de distribuição; e prover ganho financeiro adicional à concessionária devido à redução do tempo médio para efetivamente iniciar o fornecimento da energia elétrica.

<p>Quality Function Deployment is an extremely useful tool which can be applied within the Systems Engineering Process, to optimize product design and the design process. The use of cross functional teams to analyze customer needs; translate them into design attributes; and subsequently deploy them through every facet of product design, development, and production, can significantly enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the entire process. Unfortunately the few examples of Quality Function Deployment application, in the academic literature, are generally simplistic and lack any significant depth.</p> <p> The objective of this report is to investigate the application of Quality Function Deployment to a relatively complex product design requirement in an actual manufacturing environment. Specifically, the design and production of engine main bearings at the Federal Mogul plant in Blacksburg, Virginia, are considered.</p> <p> The report examines the use of Quality Function Deployment, as a general design tool; the functional requirements and design constraints of engine main bearings; and the application of one variation of Quality Function Deployment to the evaluation of proposed changes to a bearing's design configuration and the bearing production process.</p> <p> The report concludes with recommendations concerning the implementation of Quality Function Deployment at Federal Mogul, the conduct of Quality Function Deployment instruction at Virginia Tech and a possible avenue for future research.</p> / Master of Science

The disconnect between the way CAD and analysis applications handle model geometry has long been a hindrance to engineering design. Current industry practices often utilize outdated forms of geometry transfer between these different engineering software applications such as neutral file formats and direct translations. Not only to these current practices slow the engineering design process but they also hinder the integration of design and analysis programs.This thesis proposes a new, multi-user, integrated design-analysis architecture which allows auxiliary functions such as analysis and computer-aided manufacturing to be better connected with the computer-aided design. It is hypothesized that this new architecture will reduce the time of design-analysis iterations and create more parallelization between CAD and auxiliary programs. A prototype of the proposed architecture was constructed and then tested to evaluate the hypotheses, from which it was discovered that the proposed architecture does indeed reduce the time of iterations in the design-analysis cycle and allows for the parallelization of some design and analysis tasks.

No description available.

The military community has considerable experience in the areas of procuring and managing large systems. These systems are often expected to perform their intended function over a period of several years and as a result, they will require an extensive support structure consisting of personnel, equipment and spare assets. For this reason, Logistics Management has always been an important field within the military and is gaining recognition within private industry as well. The evolutionary process which starts with the identification of a need and continues through design, production and retirement is known as a product's life cycle. Studies have shown that the decisions which are made initially, during the design of the product, will determine 80% of the total system costs. Several efforts have been initiated to improve the product design process and emphasize the life cycle approach. These include; Concurrent Engineering, Logistics Support Analysis (LSA) and Quality Function Deployment (QFD). These efforts necessitate an overhaul of the decision-making methods used in the product design process. Consequently, within the military community and private industry, the time-honored sequential-hierarchical-decision approach to design is being replaced with concurrent decision-making. The sequential process of the hierarchical method can lead to suboptimal designs which significantly increase manufacturing and follow-on support costs. / Ph. D.

Concurrent engineering is a philosophy for improving design communication and aiding the process of recognizing and resolving design conflicts. Design economics is an integrated part of the concurrent engineering process, since cost-effective product design is at the root of many design conflicts. However, the bulk of research on concurrent engineering focuses on deriving better methods for coordinating both product and process designs with respect to functionality and manufacturability issues. The issue of implementing design economics via the concurrent engineering process at the conceptual design stage has not been adequately addressed. This research explores the development of a structural framework for incorporating concurrent engineering and design economics into a prototype decision support system that supports the conceptual phase of the product design process. The dissertation has three major tasks: (1) To formulate a concurrent engineering framework for use during the conceptual design stage, (2) To develop an activity-based cost estimation model for estimating product cost at the conceptual level of product design, and (3) To integrate and demonstrate the concurrent engineering framework and the activity-based cost estimation model together in a prototype decision support system. To accomplish the objective of this research, electronics manufacturing is used as an application setting. The design of printed circuit board assemblies is the domain for establishing a structural framework for incorporating concurrent engineering and activity-based cost estimation. / Ph. D.