The topic of the final thesis is the impact of oil on economic and political stability of petro-states. The first chapter summarizes basic data about oil, its reserves, production and consumption, as well as about oil trade and oil prices. Basic information about OPEC is included in this chapter.The second chapter includes different theories about effects of oil wealth on economic, political and social development in petro-states. The third chapter is an attempt to apply theories from chapter two on OPEC countries. The aim of the thesis is to present impacts of oil on OPEC countries.

This research is about territory, mining conflicts and social movements in South East Ecuador. The Andean country with no large scale mining history is experiencing a recent expansion of large scale mining with growing levels of social conflict. Social movements have been questioning and contesting the forms being taken by the extractive economy as well as proposing an alternative pathway to development through the indigenous concept of sumak kawsay. The Socialist Government is pushing the nation’s extractive model forward to include large scale mining, motivated by the much needed revenues to diversify Ecuador’s oil based economy. El Pangui, my field site, is located on the foothills of the Cordillera del Cóndor, where a large copper deposit is proposed to be developed by a Chinese mining corporation. The Cordillera is an area of great biological diversity and home to the traditional territories of the Shuar, one of the largest indigenous ethnic groups in Ecuador. The years of colonization of ancestral lands and of border war with Peru, the establishment of parks-for-peace, small scale gold mining activity and an expanding agricultural frontier, together have formed a complex territorial mosaic that contribute in shaping the social and physical landscapes. Since 2005 a mining conflict has been unfolding and that can be considered yet another layer of territorial disputes and symbolic contestation in the regions´ history. My fieldwork was carried out from an engaged research and activist scholarship position. I used an ethnographic methodology to explore the bidirectional influences of territorial dynamics and the anti-mining struggle by looking at multi scalar impacts these have on people’s daily life, corporate social responsibility and environmental development debates. I also looked at the ways in which memories and meanings associated with past conflicts resonate in subsequent resource struggles to form a layering of conflicts. I was particularly interested in the less visible dimensions of environmental mobilisation embedded in the routines of daily life, as well as in the ways in which the memory and history of territorialisation and settlement influence social movement organizing. Theoretically, I propose a territorial approach to studying natural resource struggles and social movements that contest mining. This concept allowed me to examine the effects of the extractive projects on pre-existing territorial dynamics and the influence of these dynamics on the ways in which mining investments are contested.

The work is concerned with political problems in the Horn of Africa region (Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea). It is focused on the course of politics, analysis and future development of both regional and mutual conflicts. First part provides general characteristics of the region as the whole. Next parts deals in detail with each state separetely. There is also given special space to the Ethiopia-Eritrea and Somalia-Ethiopia conflicts.

As history is focused on the past and sociology deals with the present, shouldn't be international relations oriented towards the future? On the concrete example of Mali crisis are demonstrated the advantages of the scenario building method, which enhances the relevance of theories of international relations. Northern Mali has been traditionally isolated geographically, politically and economically. Since the beginning of 2012, fights broke out again. The rising threat of Islamist groups was confirmed in the Sahel. This thesis primarily deals with the potential evolution of the Malian crisis, which has been caused by a complex set of interactions. The analysis of events preceding the crisis enables to define driving factors, which will continue to influence the crisis in the future. In addition are defined key uncertainties that could substantially reverse its predictable evolution. Four scenarios outlining alternative future development in northern Mali will be constructed in accordance with a chosen new scenario building method. They differ from each other by varied interactions between key actors and key unknowns and by their temporal and spatial dynamics.

This dissertation investigates how social order was created in the Swedish navy at the end of the Swedish imperial age (1670-1716).  During the period the Swedish navy went through many changes that led to an expanding and re-structuring of both the administration of the Admiralty and the naval activities. These changes contributed to shape the life on board ships and at shipyards in more fixed ways than before. The dissertation analyses the social order on the basis of three overlapping themes, inspired by Michel Foucault’s theories on power relationships and the exercise of power. First it investigates how the navy upheld its hierarchy and formed the relations between superior officers and subordinate men, second how the Admiralty and officers exercised power in order to make the subordinates behave in the desired way and third how the subordinates reacted to the control; especially how they formed different strategies of resistance to challenge or escape it. Using micro-history methodology, in-depth analyses have been made of individuals and situations mostly found in judicial cases from the navy’s own court (the admiralty court).     Social relations were however not only a result of naval control. They were also highly guided by social orders that existed in civil society. Thus naval rank emerged with marital status, age, experience and masculinity ideals into a complex and shifting hierarchy that was constantly questioned. The dissertation shows that upholding naval social order was dependent on the fact that the Admiralty and officers used both productive and repressive power strategies simultaneously. The naval order offered opportunities and careers to those who were obedient and skilful but could threaten the disobedient troublemaker with severe punishments. The order was also highly dependent on individual relations and situations. Since order primarily was challenged in face to face- situations the superiors had to devise power strategies to control those situations. By doing that they at the same time reduced all resistance to separate, single events and repeatedly rejected the slightest implication of any criticism towards the general social order. The power relations thus were a delicate theater were both superiors and subordinates pretended their actions meant something else than it did. From the point of view of the subordinates the social order always was about obligations and rights but from the superiors’ perspective social order basically was the main difference between chaos and control.

Orientador: Andrei Koerner / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Storti_JanainaMarques_M.pdf: 1482527 bytes, checksum: b10d2643bb449e236e1b90c9ddacc74a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Com o fim da Guerra Fria os Estados Unidos se consolidam no cenário internacional como a única superpotência em termos políticos, militares e econômicos. A partir da queda do inimigo soviético, perspectivas emergem a fim de identificar quais ameaças seriam capazes de colocar em xeque a segurança nacional dos EUA. Neste período, estas novas ameaças foram definidas em duas instâncias, uma considerando as ameaças estatais, relativas aos estados hostis aos EUA bem como os estados delinqüentes os quais representavam ainda uma ameaça generalizada à segurança internacional, e a outra considerando as ameaças não estatais, focadas principalmente no terrorismo como fonte de insegurança e instabilidade internacional. Tendo isto em vista, essa dissertação analisará o documento National Security Strategy dos governos de George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), William J. Clinton (1993-2001) e George W. Bush (2001-2009) com o objetivo de compreender como este define as ameaças aos Estados Unidos, bem como estabelece prioridades estratégicas e objetivos, a fim de direcionar como as ameaças serão enfrentadas. Ao mesmo tempo, será feita uma contraposição entre a análise do documento e as ações desempenhadas pelos governos nas questões de segurança nacional. / Abstract: With the end of the Cold War the United States consolidate themselves in the international scenery as the only superpower in political, military and economic terms. Since the fall of the Soviet enemy, perspectives emerge in order to identify which threats would be able to put in check the national security of the USA. In this period, these new threats were defined in two instances, one considering the state actors, relative to hostile states to the USA as well as the rogue states which ones represented a generalized threat to the international security, and the other considering the non-state threats, focused mostly in the terrorism as a source of international insecurity and instability. Having this in mind, this dissertation will analyze the National Security Strategy release of the governments of George H. W. Bush (1989-1993), William J. Clinton (1993-2001) and George W. Bush (2001-2009) in order to comprehend how these documents define the threats to the United States, as well as how it establishes strategic and objective priorities in order to address how the threats will be faced, at the same time, will be made a comparison between the document analysis and the actions performed by the governments in the national security issues. / Mestrado / Mestre em Relações Internacionais

Orientador: Telma Pileggi Vinha / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T09:21:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LiviaMariaFerreirada_D.pdf: 4102044 bytes, checksum: 8442c3c5e7cacf8c1dcffbe8cb7ea0d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Fundamentado na teoria piagetiana, este trabalho se constitui de um estudo qualitativo e quantitativo, que tem como objetivos identificar as causas, as estratégias empregadas e as finalizações dos conflitos interpessoais entre os alunos de oito e nove anos, bem como investigar diferenças nas formas como essas crianças resolvem os conflitos vividos e como julgam solucioná-los. Objetiva, ainda, comparar essas mesmas variáveis entre os alunos de três e quatro, e cinco e seis anos, participantes de um estudo anterior, análogo. A amostra foi constituída por 30 alunos do terceiro ano do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola municipal do interior paulista, escolhidas por conveniência. Os dados foram coletados por meio de sessões de observação da rotina escolar no decorrer de um semestre letivo, totalizando 92 horas, sendo encerrado por saturação. Para avaliar como os alunos julgavam resolver conflitos, foram apresentadas, por meio de entrevistas clínicas, histórias em que se apresentavam conflitos hipotéticos, elaboradas com base na identificação das principais causas das desavenças entre as crianças. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas (P<0.001) entre os grupos etários pesquisados, sendo a disputa física a principal causa de conflito entre as crianças de três e quatro anos e de cinco e seis anos, porém, ela declina, significativamente, aos oito e nove anos, cedendo lugar à provocação e à reação ao comportamento perturbador. As estratégias físicas e impulsivas predominam nos grupos de três e quatro anos e no de cinco e seis anos, diminuindo, significativamente (P<0.001), aos oito e nove anos. Os participantes de oito e nove anos empregaram mais estratégias unilaterais do que os participantes dos outros dois grupos etários (P<0.001). Tais resultados indicam que as estratégias apresentam uma evolução no que se refere à tomada e coordenação de perspectiva, bem como maior autorregulação dos impulsos. Nas três faixas etárias estudadas, os conflitos foram principalmente abandonados, indicando a limitação das estratégias empregadas. Quanto à comparação entre o juízo e a ação, os alunos de três e quatro anos e de cinco e seis anos apresentaram estratégias mais sofisticadas na vivência dos conflitos reais, quando comparadas com as respostas emitidas nas entrevistas. Contudo, no grupo de crianças de oito e nove anos, as estratégias de resolução de conflitos mais evoluídas, em termos de competências psicossociais, foram apresentadas com maior frequência na resolução de conflitos hipotéticos do que nos conflitos reais vivenciados. Tais achados são coerentes com a teoria piagetiana a respeito da precocidade da ação em relação ao juízo nas crianças pré-operatórias e, paulatinamente, pelo processo de tomada de consciência, o juízo antecipa-se em relação à ação. A contribuição do estudo caracteriza-se, portanto, no detalhamento das evoluções da compreensão e da vivência dos conflitos interpessoais, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento de intervenções mais afinadas com as necessidades próprias de cada faixa etária, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de estratégias de resolução de conflitos mais cooperativas / Abstract: Based on Piaget¿s theory aims at identifying the causes, this research is a qualitative and quantitative study, wich aim is to identify the causes, the strategies employed and the outcomes of interpersonal conflicts of students of 8th and 9th grades as well as investigating the differences in the ways these children solve them and how they understand their resolution. It also aims at comparing these variables among 3, 4, 5 and 6 year old students who were part of a similar previous study. The sample group was made of 30 students of the 3rd grade of Elementary School of a municipal school in the state of São Paulo, chosen by convenience. Data were collected in 92 hours of observation sessions of the school routine throughout a semester and were concluded by saturation. Evaluations were carried through clinical interviews, during which stories containing hypothetical conflicts were told based on identification of the main cause of conflict among children. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found among the age groups researched: among 3 and 4, and 5 and 6 year-olds, physical dispute is the main cause of conflict; there is a significant (P<0.001) decline in this data in 8 and 9 year-olds, being replaced by teasing and reaction to disturbing behavior. Physical and impulsive strategies were prevalent in the groups of 3 and 4 and 5 and 6 year olds decreasing significantly (P<0.001) in 8 and 9 year old participants. This group used more unilateral strategies than the participants of the two other age groups. These results indicate there is a development in the strategies concerning taking and coordination of perspective, as well as better self regulation of impulses. In the three age groups studied, conflicts were mainly abandoned, which indicates the limitation of strategies used. As to the comparison between judgment and action, 3 and 4, and 5 and 6 year old students showed more sophisticated strategies in the actual living of conflicts when compared to the answers given during interviews. However, in the 8 and 9 year-old group, solution strategies for conflicts were more developed in terms of psychosocial capacity in the resolution of hypothetical conflicts than in real ones. Such findings are coherent to Piaget¿s theory about action taking previous to judgment in pre-operational children who, gradually, as they develop self-awareness, let judgment precede action. Therefore, the contribution of the study was to detail the development of the understanding and living of interpersonal conflicts, which may help the planning of interventions that are more accurate for each age group, aiding the development of strategies for more cooperative conflict resolution / Doutorado / Psicologia Educacional / Doutora em Educação

Nos modelos de gestão clássicos o conflito era tido como algo prejudicial à organização sendo, na maioria das vezes ignorado, no entanto, tendências contemporâneas visualizam-no como um fenômeno inevitável e que está presente nas organizações. Porém, acredita-se que o mesmo deva ser gerenciado adequadamente para promover mudanças no ambiente de trabalho. Nossa vivência como enfermeira demonstra que na equipe de enfermagem os conflitos acontecem com freqüência, todavia são escassos os estudos realizados no Brasil sobre essa temática. Esta pesquisa objetivou analisar a natureza dos conflitos frente às relações pessoais, grupais, ambiente físico e organização do trabalho na equipe de enfermagem e, descrever como os conflitos são abordados e processados por essa equipe no âmbito da estrutura organizacional hospitalar. Para tal, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória através da utilização de entrevista semi-estruturada aplicada a dezenove profissionais da equipe de enfermagem de um hospital público geral de médio porte da cidade de Londrina, PR, Brasil. Realizou-se análise de conteúdo, com identificação de unidades de significação extraídas dos textos das entrevistas, sendo posteriormente analisadas segundo referencial das teorias administrativas e da gestão contemporânea. As falas dos sujeitos evidenciam que os conflitos ocorrem devido à falta de clareza da missão e objetivos organizacionais; ao modelo de organização adotado pelo serviço de enfermagem; à estrutura do ambiente físico inadequada; as políticas de contratações de pessoal diferenciadas; as relações pessoais e grupais na equipe de enfermagem, à comunicação ineficaz e dimensões da liderança. Em relação ao gerenciamento dos conflitos, por parte da enfermagem, pode-se destacar que existe uma tentativa para que os conflitos sejam gerenciados através de diálogo com os envolvidos, entretanto, ainda prevalecem os valores individuais. Percebe-se, também, que as várias causas dos conflitos são decorrentes de problemas funcionais que dependem de instâncias superiores, de políticas articuladas de recursos humanos e de saúde. Os resultados indicam a necessidade dos enfermeiros adquirirem posições mais articuladas institucionalmente e, neste sentido faz-se imperativo a reavaliação dos projetos político-pedagógicos das escolas de enfermagem a fim de implementarem estratégias de participação e mediação grupal visando o desenvolvimento gerencial do futuro enfermeiro. / In classical management models, conflict was seen as something harmful to the organization and was mostly ignored. Contemporary tendencies, on the other hand, tend to consider it as an unavoidable phenomenon present in organizations, which should be adequately managed in order to promote changes in the work environment. Our experience as a nurse demonstrates that, in spite of the lack of studies about this subject in Brazil, conflicts are frequent in the nursing team. This research aimed to analyze the nature of conflicts in view of personal and group relations, physical environment and work organization in the nursing team, as well as to describe how these conflicts are approached and processed by the nursing team and in the sphere of the organizational hospital structure. A qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research was carried out by means of semi-structured interviews with nineteen professionals who are part of the nursing team at a general medium size public hospital in Londrina, PR, Brazil. Content analysis was used, identifying the units of meaning that were extracted from the interview texts, which were then analyzed in the reference framework of administrative theories and contemporary management. The subject’s discourse evidenced that conflicts are due to the lack of clearness about the organization’s mission and objectives, the organization model adopted by the nursing service, the physical environment inadequacy, distinct policies as far as human resources are concerned, personal and group relations in the nursing team, inefficient communication and leadership dimension. Concerning the conflict management by nursing, attempts are made to manage conflicts through dialogue with the persons involved, although individual values still prevail. It was also perceived that various causes of conflict result from functional problems depending on higher instances, and on the association of human resources and health policies. The results pointed towards the need for nurses to assume institutionally articulated positions. In this sense, it is essential to the nursing schools to review their pedagogical and political projects so as to introduce participatory strategies and group mediation aiming at the future nurse’s development of management.

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2015-08-05T16:48:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosany Correa.pdf: 1967544 bytes, checksum: ebd429b652ee8d2f3213b58f71ba9a95 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-05T16:48:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosany Correa.pdf: 1967544 bytes, checksum: ebd429b652ee8d2f3213b58f71ba9a95 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / This research aims to analyze environmental conflicts related to damage caused by surface subsidence from old coal mines in Criciúma and its surroundings in the state of Santa Catarina. The theoretical model was developed taking the model developed by Rondeu (1996) - dealing with the dynamics analysis of conflicts - as a reference. The Rondeu´s model is presented as a tool to support the understanding and search of solutions to conflicts related to subsidence impacts of old underground mines mined out prior to 1988 on properties and structures. The development of the theoretical model allowed a better understanding of the origin and consequences of conflicts related to subsidence regarding perception and behavior of actors in clash and the solutions that have been forwarded over the years. This research is qualitative in nature and can be classified into three categories bibliographic, documental and field. The bibliographical search encompassed articles published in journals and in both national and international meetings on the following issues: coal mining, environmental and social impacts of subsidence, clashes involving different land uses, and management of environmental conflicts. The documentary research focussed on documents available in the websites of Federal Public Ministry and the Municipality of Criciúma, as well as on documents provided by land-owners affected by environmental damage arising from coal mine subsidence. The field research was carried out via interviews with questions on environmental impacts, risk society, use of soil and subsoil, and environmental conflicts. In light of all information and evidence gathered, it can be concluded that conflicts resulting from subsidence of old mines, despite being relatively frequent in the region, are not always resolved taking into account all damages and losses involved, unless the final decision resulted from lawsuits. It is also possible to conclude that underground coal mining undertaken in the Criciúma area prior to 1988 was conducted in a predatory way, leaving a legacy of fear and uncertainty to the local population. This scenario comes up because the population has no way to predict when and where subsidence of old mines will occur. In this regard, the inhabitants of Criciúma and neighboring municipalities are facing constant risks that threaten their natural and built environment. The results of this research also indicate that the present situation in the Criciúma area is worrisome because the Brazilian Federal State (who is responsible for managing the mining operation countrywide) is unable to manage conflicts arising from mining subsidence. As a final contribution the study presents a set of guidelines to support the negotiations related to environmental conflicts. / Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar os conflitos socioambientais relacionados aos danos causados em superfície por subsidência de minas antigas de carvão, em Criciúma e entornos, no Estado de Santa Catarina. O modelo teórico foi elaborado tendo como principal referência o modelo da análise dinâmica de conflitos de Rondeu (1996) que é apresentado como um instrumento de apoio ao entendimento e encaminhamento de soluções para os embates relacionados aos impactos ambientais em propriedades e estruturas causados por subsidência de minas antigas, lavradas anteriormente a 1988. O delineamento do modelo teórico permitiu um melhor entendimento da origem e desdobramentos dos conflitos relacionados à subsidência, em termos da percepção e comportamento dos atores em embate e, também, das soluções que vêm sendo encaminhadas, seja pela via judicial ou negociada. A pesquisa, predominantemente qualitativa, assumiu três tipologias: bibliográfica, documental e de campo. Na pesquisa bibliográfica foram utilizados artigos publicados em periódicos e em eventos nacionais e internacionais sobre mineração de carvão, impactos socioambientais de subsidência, embates envolvendo diferentes usos e ocupações do solo e gestão de conflitos ambientais. Na pesquisa documental foram utilizados documentos disponibilizados no site do Ministério Público Federal e da Prefeitura Municipal de Criciúma, bem como documentos fornecidos por superficiários afetados por danos ambientais oriundos de subsidência de minas. A pesquisa de campo foi conduzida via aplicação de roteiro de entrevistas com questionamentos sobre impactos ambientais, sociedade de risco, uso do solo e subsolo, e conflitos socioambientais. À luz das informações e evidências obtidas, conclui-se que os conflitos resultantes de subsidência de minas antigas, mesmo sendo relativamente frequentes na região, nem sempre são resolvidos de modo a considerar todos os danos e perdas envolvidos, a não ser quando a decisão decorre de ações judiciais. Conclui-se também que a mineração subterrânea de carvão na região nos anos que precederam 1988 foi conduzida de forma predatória, deixando um legado de medo e incertezas, pois a população não tem como prever quando e onde os episódios de subsidência de minas antigas vão ocorrer. Neste sentido, os habitantes de Criciúma e dos municípios vizinhos convivem com riscos constantes que ameaçam o ambiente natural e o construído dos locais em que vivem. A situação é preocupante, pois o Estado federal (União), a quem compete gerenciar a exploração minerária no país se mostra incapaz de administrar os conflitos oriundos de subsidência de minas. Como contribuição final o estudo apresenta um conjunto de diretrizes para suporte a negociações, relacionadas a conflitos socioambientais.

Esta dissertação se dedica a estudar qual o lugar dos humores no pensamento republicano de Nicolau Maquiavel. Entendendo por humores os grupos de cidadãos que constituem o corpo político grandes/nobres e povo , bem como os desejos e apetites próprios de cada um destes dois grupos, este estudo pretende mostrar como o autor florentino elabora seu pensamento republicano a partir dos conflitos civis, que é efeito da relação entre eles. Partimos da investigação do significado do termo humor na medicina antiga e renascentista, para tentar compreender a apropriação que Maquiavel faz para pensar a dinâmica entre os grupos políticos da cidade. Em seguida, dedica-se a compreender como o florentino elabora o modelo romano, isto é, como justifica a grandiosidade da tumultuosa república, sobretudo a partir dos desejos e apetites dos grupos políticos e das instituições que se originam dos conflitos entre eles. Por último, a análise da decadência romana apresenta a razão do funcionamento deturpado das instituições e o uso de vias extraordinárias para a resolução de conflitos por parte dos grupos políticos. Observa-se que Maquiavel apresenta, a partir da análise da corrupção, as condições necessárias para a fundação de uma república, bem como os efeitos da ambição por bens e do excesso do desejo popular por liberdade que podem, também, provocar a irrupção do processo de corrupção. Logo, este trabalho tenta pensar o modelo republicano de Maquiavel a partir da chave humoral, o que acaba colocando em destaque tanto a relação entre seus grupos internos, como as paixões que os movem. / This dissertation is dedicated to studying what is the place of the humours in Nicolo Machiavelils republican thought. Understanding by humours citizen groups which constitute the political body grandi/nobles and the people , as well as their own desires and appetites, this study aims to show how the Florentine author elaborates his republican thought from the civic conflicts. We start from the investigation of the term humours in Renaissances and ancient medicine to better comprehend Machiavellis appropriation of it to analyze the dynamics between the citys political groups. From then on the idea is to perceive how our Florentine builds up the Roman model, that is, how does he justify the grandeur of the tumultuous republic, especially accounting for the political groups desires and appetites and the institutions which follow from their conflicts. Finally, a study about Roman decadence offers the reasons for the perverted functioning of its institutions and the resulting use of extraordinary ways for conflict resolution. Machiavellis analysis of the corruption shows what conditions are necessary for the foundation of a republic, as well as the effects of property ambition and the popular desire for freedom both can start a corruptive process. Thus, this work offers a reflection on the Machiavellian republic model through its humours, highlighting the relationship between its internal groups and the passions driving each of them.