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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Social citizenship in asymmetric constitutions : the reconfiguration of membership across state and sub-state polities of the European Union

Lansbergen, Anja Claire January 2013 (has links)
This study examines the extent to which the transfer of legislative competence to polities above and below the state problematizes a national model of membership. The study first examines fragmentation of competences determinative of social membership across the polities of two ‘asymmetric constitutions’ (constitutional structures in which both the whole and the parts are distinct territorially-bounded political communities, and in which legislative competence is allocated unevenly across the constituent polities). Two case studies then explore how those polities exercise those competences so as to define the boundaries of equal social membership, and how these boundaries interact across the constitutional structure. The study highlights three observations in support of its conclusion that constitutional asymmetry presents a challenge to a national model of membership: constituent polities of the asymmetries under examination allocate social rights primarily by reference to residence, thus lending (qualified) support to transnational and a-national theories of membership; differentiated social rights enjoyed by a particular sub-set of nationals are incompatible with the presumed equality of nationals under a national model of membership, resulting in the perception of inequity and discrimination; and the interdependence of membership competences across the constitutional asymmetry means that it is no longer possible for a polity to exclusively determine the boundaries of social membership.
2

Les asymétries entre les provinces dans la Constitution canadienne : leurs fondements, leur portée et leur interprétation par la Cour suprême

Saint-Laurent, Rachelle 04 1900 (has links)
La théorie classique du fédéralisme prône la symétrie : les entités fédérées devraient être traitées de la même manière par la Constitution. Or, il arrive que le texte constitutionnel prévoie plutôt des asymétries, soit des différences ayant un caractère permanent quant au statut des provinces au sein des institutions centrales ou quant aux pouvoirs législatifs qui leur sont reconnus. En conséquence, ce mémoire vise à répondre à la question suivante : quelles sont les asymétries constitutionnelles qui existent entre les provinces canadiennes, et quel traitement reçoivent-elles de la part du tribunal de dernière instance ? Cette question a pour pendant de déterminer si les asymétries présentes dans la Constitution sont renforcées ou atténuées par l’interprétation judiciaire. Puisque les réflexions sur l’asymétrie émanent principalement de la science politique, le premier chapitre fait état des réflexions théoriques que l’on retrouve dans cette discipline quant aux fondements ainsi qu’aux limites d’arrangements asymétriques dans une fédération. Le second chapitre porte sur l’analyse des asymétries de représentation des provinces au sein des institutions centrales, soit au Sénat et à la Cour suprême. Le troisième chapitre traite des asymétries en termes de pouvoirs législatifs et prend pour cas d’étude l’article 94 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1867 ainsi que l’exigence constitutionnelle de bilinguisme parlementaire, législatif et judiciaire qui s’impose uniquement à trois des provinces canadiennes. Cette démarche nous mène à conclure que les asymétries quant au statut des provinces dans les institutions centrales sont renforcées par l’interprétation judiciaire. En revanche, la Cour suprême semble plus réticente à l’idée qu’il puisse y avoir des asymétries entre les pouvoirs législatifs des provinces, ce qui la mène parfois à atténuer la portée des asymétries que la Constitution prévoit dans ce domaine. Enfin, nous constatons que les fondements ainsi que les avantages associés à l’asymétrie par les auteurs de science politique se reflètent dans le raisonnement de la Cour lorsqu’elle renforce une asymétrie. De même, les limites théoriques, reconnues en science politique, aux asymétries admises entre les entités fédérées se reflètent dans les jugements de la Cour qui favorisent plutôt la symétrie. / The classical theory of federalism promotes symmetry: federated entities should be treated in the same way by the Constitution. However, a constitutional text can sometimes provide for asymmetries, i.e. permanent differences in the status of provinces within the central institutions, or in the legislative powers vested in them by the Constitution. Accordingly, this thesis seeks to answer the following question: what are the constitutional asymmetries that exist between Canadian provinces, and how are they treated by the apex court? The corollary of this question is to determine whether the asymmetries found in the Constitution are reinforced or attenuated by judicial interpretation. Since studies on asymmetry have mainly emanated from the field of political science, the first chapter outlines the theoretical arguments found in this discipline regarding the foundations and limits of asymmetrical arrangements within a federation. The second chapter analyzes asymmetries in provincial representation within central institutions, namely the Senate and the Supreme Court. The third chapter focuses on asymmetries in terms of legislative powers, taking as a case study section 94 of the Constitution Act, 1867, as well as the constitutional requirement of parliamentary, legislative and judicial bilingualism that is only imposed on three Canadian provinces. This analysis leads us to conclude that asymmetries in provincial representation within central institutions are reinforced by judicial interpretation. On the other hand, the Supreme Court seems more hesitant to the idea that there may be asymmetries between provinces in terms of their legislative powers. This sometimes leads the Court to attenuate the asymmetries that the Constitution provided for in this area. Finally, this thesis finds that the foundations and advantages associated with asymmetry by political science theorists are reflected in the Court's reasoning when it reinforces asymmetries between provinces. Similarly, the theoretical limits, recognized by political scientists, to the asymmetries admitted between federated entities are reflected in the Court's rulings that tend to favor symmetry.

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