A imagem de preço de produto e o valor percebido são importantes indicadores da intenção de recompra. Para tal, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as relações entre a imagem de preço de produto, o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra junto aos consumidores de cervejas especiais. Assim, foi desenvolvida uma survey com 329 consumidores buscando atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados procedeu-se a aplicação da técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados encontrados indicam que há uma relação direta positiva entre a imagem de preço de produto e o valor percebido e entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra para as cervejas especiais. Quanto aos efeitos moderadores, concluise que a experiência do consumidor modera positivamente a relação entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra, porém o mesmo não ocorreu quando se analisou o efeito moderadores negativo da sensibilidade ao preço e dos níveis de preço (baixo e alto) na relação entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra. As principais contribuições teóricas deste estudo se referem ao teste de um modelo para a imagem de preço de produto, seus efeitos sobre o valor percebido a intenção de recompra e as relações de moderação pela sensibilidade ao preço, experiência do consumidor e níveis de preço. Como implicações gerenciais são propostas ações visando melhor compreender a percepção da imagem de preço dos consumidores de cervejas especiais para melhor direcionar as ações estratégicas de apreçamento deste produto. Estudos futuros podem ampliar a compreensão do modelo desenvolvido, aplicando-o a profissionais do segmento cervejeiro, desenvolver estudos experimentais e agregar novos construtos ao modelo teórico proposto. / Submitted by cmquadros@ucs.br (cmquadros@ucs.br) on 2018-02-20T11:59:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Rizzon.pdf: 1933806 bytes, checksum: 6c56769a1935d20cbefd13ac2b09307b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-20T11:59:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Rizzon.pdf: 1933806 bytes, checksum: 6c56769a1935d20cbefd13ac2b09307b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES / The image of product price and perceived value are important indicators of the intention to repurchase. To this end, the objective of this study was to verify the relations between the product price image, the perceived value and the intention to repurchase with the consumers of special beers. Thus, a survey was conducted with 329 consumers seeking to achieve the objective of this research. For the analysis of the data, the Structural Equation Modeling technique was applied. The results indicate that there is a direct positive relationship between the product price image and the perceived value and between the perceived value and the intention to repurchase the special beers. As for the moderating effects, it is concluded that the consumer experience moderates positively the relation between perceived value and repurchase intention, but this was not the case when the negative moderating effect of price sensitivity and price levels (low and high) in the relationship between the perceived value and the repurchase intention. The main theoretical contributions of this study refer to the test of a model for the image of product price, its effects on the perceived value and the intention of repurchase and the relations of moderation by the sensitivity to the price, consumer experience and price levels. As managerial implications are proposed actions aimed at better understanding the perception of the price image of consumers of special beers to better direct the strategic pricing actions of this product. Future studies can broaden the understanding of the developed model, applying it to professionals in the brewing segment, developing experimental studies and adding new constructs to the proposed theoretical model.

A sociedade moderna, marcada por um intenso desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico, propiciou o nascimento e consolidação de uma nova ordem social, pautada pelo consumo exacerbado e irresponsável, a que se tem denominado sociedade do hiperconsumo. Referido modelo de sociedade, contudo, vem contribuindo para o agravamento dos riscos socioambientais. Nesse viés, no presente estudo tem-se por escopo proceder a análise dos riscos e reflexos socioambientais criados pelo hiperconsumo, notadamente no que diz respeito à desconstrução da cidadania, ante a dessubjetivação do sujeito, bem como as consequências ambientais, uma vez que, despido da condição de cidadão, o indivíduo deixa de efetivar seu direito fundamental ao meio ambiente. Diante disso, trabalha-se a hipótese de ideação da cidadania no Estado Democrático de Direito, a fim de se consolidar o direito fundamental ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Para tanto, utiliza-se do método analítico-dedutivo, através da revisão bibliográfica tradicional. / The modern society, marked by an intense scientific and technological development, propitiated the birth and the consolidation of a new social order (lined by the intensified and irresponsible consumption), which is being called society of hyperconsumption. The mentioned type of society, however, is contributing to the aggravation of the socio-environmental risks. In this sense, the present study’s scope is to analyse the socio-environmental risks and reflexes created by hyperconsumption, notably on what concerns the deconstruction of citizenship before the desubjectivation of the subject, as well as on what concerns the environmental consequences, because when the indiviual lacks of the citizenship condition, he no longer carries out his fundamental right on the environment. In the face of this, this work is made on the hypothesis of ideation of the citizenship in the Democratic Constitutional State, in order to consolidate the fundamental right on the ecologically balanced environment. For this purpose, it is utilized the inductive and deductive methods through the traditional bibliographic revision.

Orientador: Ana Rosa Ribeiro de Mendonça Sarti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T23:24:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brochier_Lidia_M.pdf: 3190323 bytes, checksum: d46e07799ae60da372ad254cbad3051f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O consumo pessoal, dentro da tradição keynesiana, costuma ser entendido como uma função estável da renda, constituindo o elemento passivo e previsível da demanda agregada. Sabe-se que o investimento é o elemento mais instável da economia, sujeito frequentemente a flutuações e alterações imprevistas. Contudo, as transformações verificadas nas economias capitalistas, a partir do processo de financeirização, também originaram modificações no consumo e no papel ocupado por essa variável na economia ¿ podendo funcionar como motor ativo de expansão dos gastos. Logo, pretende-se analisar nesta dissertação como o consumo é entendido pelas teorias convencionais do consumo e mostrar seus limites e contribuições para apreender a evolução recente do consumo pessoal, dado que esse se mostra crescentemente vinculado ao crédito, ao endividamento e à dinâmica de valorização dos ativos. Além disso, objetiva-se examinar como as principais questões relacionadas à financeirização afetam o consumo das famílias nos Estados Unidos. Essas questões são: as inovações financeiras (e as inovações no mercado imobiliário), o efeito riqueza, o processo de estagnação das rendas, a política monetária e o papel desse país na economia mundial. Por fim, analisam-se fatos estilizados sobre o consumo pessoal, do ponto de vista macroeconômico, a fim de verificar as evidências de um consumo financeirizado na economia estadunidense. Essa dissertação divide-se em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo é feita a revisão das teorias do consumo. Os autores incluídos nessa revisão são: Keynes, Duesenberry, Modigliani, Friedman, Kalecki e Minsky; no segundo capítulo, faz-se uma breve contextualização histórica do processo de desregulamentação bancária e financeira e os principais pontos referentes à financeirização do consumo são abordados ¿ primeiramente a partir da conceituação teórica e num segundo momento a partir do processo histórico; no capítulo três discutem-se os dados do consumo em torno de três eixos: a renda, a riqueza e o crédito e o endividamento das famílias. O período compreendido por essa análise vai da década de 1980 até a crise financeira de 2007-9, com ênfase em alguns acontecimentos referentes a essa última. Destacam-se ao longo da dissertação a importância do crédito e da variação dos preços dos ativos para moldar o consumo entre o final do século XX e o início do século XXI e a inflexão do padrão de crescimento exposta pela crise financeira nos Estados Unidos / Abstract: Personal consumption, within Keynesian tradition, is usually understood as a stable function of income, composing the passive and predictable element of aggregate demand. As known, investment is the most unstable component of the economy, exposed more often to fluctuations and unforeseen changes. However, modifications verified in capitalist economies, brought about by financialization process, also originated changes in consumption and its role in the economic system ¿ working, then, as an active engine of expenditure expansion. Therefore, this thesis intends to analyze how consumption is understood by conventional consumption theories and show its limits and contributions to apprehend the recent personal consumption evolution, since it reveals itself increasingly connected to credit, indebtedness and asset valuations. Besides, this work aims at discussing how the main issues related to financialization exert influence over household consumption in the United States. These issues are: financial innovation (and real estate innovation), wealth effect, income stagnation process, monetary policy and the role of this country in international economy. At last, stylized facts about personal consumption, from macroeconomic point of view, are explored to find the evidences of a financialized consumption in the American economy. This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter, a review of consumption theories is performed. The authors included in this review are: Keynes, Duesenberry, Modigliani, Friedman, Kalecki and Minsky; in the second chapter, attention is drawn to a short historical contextualization of bank and financial deregulation and the core points referring to consumption financialization are addressed ¿ starting from theoretical conceptualization and going through the historical process; In chapter three data on consumption are discussed around three axes: household income, wealth and credit and indebtedness. The analysis comprehend the period that goes from the 1980s until the financial crisis of 2007-9, emphasis lays on the last crisis events. Throughout the thesis, credit and assets valuations importance to shape consumption between the end of twentieth century and the beginning of twenty-first century and the turning point of the growth pattern uncovered by the financial crisis in the U.S. are highlighted / Mestrado / Teoria Economica / Mestra em Ciências Econômicas

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A imagem de preço de produto e o valor percebido são importantes indicadores da intenção de recompra. Para tal, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as relações entre a imagem de preço de produto, o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra junto aos consumidores de cervejas especiais. Assim, foi desenvolvida uma survey com 329 consumidores buscando atingir o objetivo desta pesquisa. Para a análise dos dados procedeu-se a aplicação da técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais. Os resultados encontrados indicam que há uma relação direta positiva entre a imagem de preço de produto e o valor percebido e entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra para as cervejas especiais. Quanto aos efeitos moderadores, concluise que a experiência do consumidor modera positivamente a relação entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra, porém o mesmo não ocorreu quando se analisou o efeito moderadores negativo da sensibilidade ao preço e dos níveis de preço (baixo e alto) na relação entre o valor percebido e a intenção de recompra. As principais contribuições teóricas deste estudo se referem ao teste de um modelo para a imagem de preço de produto, seus efeitos sobre o valor percebido a intenção de recompra e as relações de moderação pela sensibilidade ao preço, experiência do consumidor e níveis de preço. Como implicações gerenciais são propostas ações visando melhor compreender a percepção da imagem de preço dos consumidores de cervejas especiais para melhor direcionar as ações estratégicas de apreçamento deste produto. Estudos futuros podem ampliar a compreensão do modelo desenvolvido, aplicando-o a profissionais do segmento cervejeiro, desenvolver estudos experimentais e agregar novos construtos ao modelo teórico proposto. / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES / The image of product price and perceived value are important indicators of the intention to repurchase. To this end, the objective of this study was to verify the relations between the product price image, the perceived value and the intention to repurchase with the consumers of special beers. Thus, a survey was conducted with 329 consumers seeking to achieve the objective of this research. For the analysis of the data, the Structural Equation Modeling technique was applied. The results indicate that there is a direct positive relationship between the product price image and the perceived value and between the perceived value and the intention to repurchase the special beers. As for the moderating effects, it is concluded that the consumer experience moderates positively the relation between perceived value and repurchase intention, but this was not the case when the negative moderating effect of price sensitivity and price levels (low and high) in the relationship between the perceived value and the repurchase intention. The main theoretical contributions of this study refer to the test of a model for the image of product price, its effects on the perceived value and the intention of repurchase and the relations of moderation by the sensitivity to the price, consumer experience and price levels. As managerial implications are proposed actions aimed at better understanding the perception of the price image of consumers of special beers to better direct the strategic pricing actions of this product. Future studies can broaden the understanding of the developed model, applying it to professionals in the brewing segment, developing experimental studies and adding new constructs to the proposed theoretical model.

This dissertation consists of three essays on housing and macroeconomics. The first chapter documents cross-country evidence on house prices, rental prices, and consumption volatility, especially, by focusing on comparison between emerging country group and rich country group. The second chapter develops a theoretical model framework for small open economy with housing and housing rental markets, and investigates how the model explains the empirical regularities documented in the first chapter. The third chapter discusses the excess consumption volatility observed in emerging countries using higher house price volatility in those countries through a theoretical model. In Chapter 1, I address business cycles in emerging economies exhibit both greater volatility of housing prices and relative consumption compared to business cycles in rich countries. This chapter provides evidence of a positive relationship between housing price and relative consumption volatility across countries. Furthermore, I suggest new stylized facts when housing and non-housing consumption are disaggregated: first, housing consumption is more volatile than non-housing consumption in emerging countries; and, second, even after controlling for housing consumption volatility, non-housing consumption in emerging economies is still more volatile than that in rich countries. In order to investigate the above empirical regularities, this chapter tries to figure out what is different between two country groups in terms of fundamental related to housing, by focusing on homeownership rates and housing rental market characteristics. In Chapter 2, I explore the linkage between house prices and aggregate consumption volatility by building a business cycle model of a small open economy with both housing and rental markets. While housing consumption, as measured through rental prices, is a non-negligible portion of total consumption, the role of the rental market has largely been overlooked in studies of consumption volatility. By explicitly modeling separate housing and rental sectors, this chapter is able to explain some new stylized facts suggested in the first chapter. Simulation results suggest that cross-country variation in the volatility of shocks to credit prices and availability is a driving force in generating the observed relationship between house price and relative consumption volatility. The model also suggests that a financial friction stemming from constraints in housing-collateralized credit can explain excess non-housing consumption volatility in emerging countries, while rental market frictions may account for the greater housing consumption volatility observed. In Chapter 3, I mainly discuss the causal effect of exogenous house price shock in explaining the excess consumption volatility puzzle observed in emerging countries. Specifically, first, this chapter compares the impulse responses of house price shock and income shock to show that house price is more relevant factor in understanding consumption fluctuation, and then analyses homeowners’ and renters’ behavior to figure out how the house price shock transmits to each agent’s consumption. As a result, given the highly volatile house prices in emerging economies, I show that homeowners play an essential role in amplifying the effect of house price fluctuations on consumption fluctuations through a simplified theoretical model. Therefore, this chapter argues that higher house price volatility in emerging countries leads to their excess consumption volatility.

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Johannesburg, August 2016. / There is a growing demand for small area estimates for policy and decision making, local planning and fund distribution. Surveys are generally designed to give representative estimates at national or regional level, but estimates of variables of interest are often also needed at the small area levels. These cannot be reliably obtained from the survey data as the sample sizes at these levels are too small. This problem is addressed by using small area estimation techniques. The main aim of this thesis is to develop confidence intervals (CIs) which are accurate to terms O(m–3/2 ) under the FH model using the Taylor series expansion. Rao (2003a), among others, notes that there is a situation in mixed model estimation that the estimates of the variance component of the random effect, A, can take negative values. In this case, Prasad and Rao (1990) consider ˆA = 0. Under this situation, the contribution of the mean squared error (MSE) estimate, assuming all parameters are known, becomes zero. As a solution, Rao (2003a) among others proposed a weighted estimator with fixed weights (i.e., wi = 12 ). In addition, if the MSE estimate is negative, we cannot construct CIs based on the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP) estimates. Datta, Kubokawa, Molina and Rao (2011) derived the MSE estimator for the weighted estimator with fixed weights which is always positive. We use their MSE estimator to derive CIs based on this estimator to overcome the above difficulties. The other criticism of the MSE estimator is that it is not area-specific since it does not involve the direct estimator in its expression. Following Rao (2001), we propose area specific MSE estimators and use them to construct CIs. The performance of the proposed CIs are investigated via simulation studies and compared with the Cox (1975) and Prasad and Rao (1990) methods. Our simulation results show that the proposed CIs have higher coverage probabilities. These methods are applied to standard poverty and percentage of food expenditure measures estimated from the 2010/11 Household Consumption Expenditure survey and the 2007 census data sets. Keywords: Small area estimation, Weighted estimator with fixed weights, EBLUP, FH model, MSE, CI, Poverty, percentage of food expenditure / LG2017

This dissertation consists of three chapters on the topic of intrahousehold resource allocation models. The first chapter tests the unitary and general collective models of intrahousehold resource allocation for various household compositions. I find that, for the quasiquadratic Engel curve specification, the overall results support the previous findings in the literature that the unitary model fails to explain how resources are allocated for all household types. However, when using the QUAIDS specification, the results can reject the unitary model only for smaller-sized households. The general collective model, on the other hand, cannot be rejected in either quasi-quadratic or QUAIDS and not in any of the household compositions. Overall, the results support the general collective model of household behavior rather than the unitary model. The second chapter derives and tests restrictions imposed by the collective model for households with more than two decision-makers in the absence of price variation. It extends the two-decision-maker model in chapter one to derive the testable restrictions for households with multiple decision makers using unconditional demand systems. Moreover, for comparison, a particular type of demand system that is conditional on distribution factors is also estimated as an alternative way to test the collective model. The results show that neither unconditional nor conditional demand systems can reject Pareto efficiency. Therefore, both approaches provide consistent outcomes supporting the hypothesis that the multiple-decision-maker households in Thailand behave in the Pareto efficient manner predicted by the collective model. Finally, my third chapter attempts to examine how one can exploit household-level consumption data to recover information about individual household members for situations with iv no price variation. By combining consumption data from single and couple households, I am able to estimate the resource shares and indifference scales (a variation of the standard equivalence scales in the collective settings) for each household member via a system of Engel curves. The results show that, in Thailand, wives are likely to have higher resource shares than husbands in the married-couple households, while wives with higher education have the ability to extract more household resources. However, resource shares for wives are smaller for older-married compared to younger-married couples. Moreover, if a female were to live alone, she would need approximately three-quarters of the couple‟s income to reach the same indifference curve, and hence the same standard of living, that she would attain as a wife in the married-couple household.

This dissertation looks at models in which agents make decisions under various economic frictions, and examines the role of their preferences. The first two chapters analytically characterize an infinite-horizon open economy under the friction of a stock collateral constraint, whereby borrowing is limited by the value of capital assets available. The model that is considered allows for general subjective discounting of households and fully variable productivity. The third chapter looks at a model of an ambiguity-averse benevolent mediator tasked with choosing a price contract at which a risk neutral buyer and seller transact an indivisible good under the friction of unquantifiable uncertainty of their reservation values. The first chapter establishes that it is possible for households to enjoy the allocation they would obtain absent a stock collateral constraint under a condition that relates to their patience; this condition requires a long-run depression when agents are impatient relative to the market, and allows for an economic expansion when agents are more patient relative to the market. When this condition is not met, households are tightly constrained at least once and experience debt deleveraging in all periods and deflation of asset prices in periods preceding the constrained period relative to their unconstrained allocation. Households also ration their consumption more when they expect to be more tightly constrained in the future. The second chapter is a sequel to the first chapter and shows that under constant output, agents who are impatient relative to the market can face two and three-period cycles in consumption, debt, and asset prices. Further, large initial debt can lead to multiple equilibria. The third chapter considers a mediator who plays a Stackelberg game against Nature to maximize the distributionally worst-case expected weighted Nash product subject to known mean and boundary constraints on buyer and seller reservation values. We study the role of bargaining power and show that relative to what the buyer and seller themselves would choose when equipped with the mediator's information, the mediator's price contract has a shallow dependency on bargaining power, which is only exacerbated by the possibility of dependent buyer and seller values. Comparative statics results are obtained.

The first essay uses Chinese Urban Household Survey (CUHS) data from 1988 to 2003 to conduct a cohort analysis of household income, household consumption, and household saving rate, and then uses synthetic panel data to explore the determinants of household saving rate. The cohort analysis not only offers stylized patterns of age profiles on household income, household consumption, and household saving rate but also their profiles of cohort effect and age effect by decomposition work. The cohort analysis likewise tests the relation between cohort effect and productivity growth. Overall, the empirical results present a different pattern compared with other studies and also contradict with the general predictions of the standard model in the consumption theory. In investigating the determinants of household saving rate, this essay examines the roles of household income, economic growth rate, inflation rate, and demographic variables, especially from the perspective of income inequality and systematic difference among cohorts. / The second essay examines the existence of a precautionary saving motive due to labor income uncertainty, using CUHS data from 2002 to 2003. Methodologically, this essay adopts a novel method to construct the proxy for labor income uncertainty, by the ratio of infra-group dispersion conditional on the individuals' labor income determinants to labor income. The empirical results present robust evidence that labor income uncertainty negatively affects household consumption, and there exists obviously different responses to labor income uncertainty from three perspectives: between old households and young households, among different households whose household heads are in different occupations, and between households whose household heads work in the State-owned Units and their counterparts. / The third essay then attempts to explore the determinants of housing wealth and housing price by a hedonic pricing model and evaluate the housing wealth effect on household consumption behavior. For the determinants of housing wealth and housing price, this essay demonstrates that incomplete property rights depress the value of housing asset by both a theoretical model and the empirical results. Regarding housing wealth's effect on household consumption behavior, the empirical results show that the housing wealth effect is significant and that it is obviously smaller for those observations whose houses' property rights are incomplete, compared with their counterparts. / Zhou, Shaojie. / "August 2007." / Advisers: Jun Sen Zhang; Hong bin Li. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0704. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 219-222). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.