This study was undertaken to determine the use and quantities of new and recovered wood materials utilized by the United States pallet and container industry in 1999. Wood use trends were identified by comparing the results of this study with that of three previous studies (1992, 1993, and 1995) conducted by Virginia Tech and the United States Forest Service. Also, information was gathered on firm employment, plant operations, and production. A mail survey of 3,507 manufacturers of wood pallets and/or containers in the United States was used to obtain primary data. It was found that the pallet and container industry consumed an estimated 6.54 billion board feet of solid wood in 1999, of which 4.41 billion was hardwood and 2.13 billion was softwood. It was further estimated that 3.7 billion board feet of the hardwood was purchased or processed as lumber and cants, and an additional 707 million board feet as hardwood parts. Approximately 51% of the hardwood consumed was a mixture of hardwood species. Oak accounted for 31% of the hardwood used by the industry. For softwood, an estimated 1.52 billion board feet was consumed in the form of lumber and cants, and another 610 million board feet as parts. Southern Pine (48% of the total softwood volume) and Spruce-Pine-Fir (25%) were the solid softwoods most commonly used by the pallet and container industry. Of the estimated 289 million square feet of wood panels that went into the production of pallets and containers, nearly 208 million square feet of it was softwood plywood, followed by oriented strand board (77 million square feet), and hardwood plywood (5 million square feet). The pallet and container industry produced approximately 429 million new pallets in 1999. Approximately 80% of these pallets were stringer type and 12% were block type. The pallet industry was responsible for the recovery of 299 million pallets in 1999. Furthermore, it was estimated that the pallet industry returned to service nearly 218 million pallets through either repair or recycle. Of the wood use trends identified, the most significant are the large increases in pallet recovery, repair, and recycling during the 1990s. The production of landscape mulch has become the leading use of ground or chipped pallets. A small increase was seen in new pallet production. Increases in new wood use were modest, and primarily limited to softwood parts and oriented strand board. The use of Southern Pine by the pallet and container industry continues to grow relative to other softwood species and in terms of total volume used. / Master of Science

Throughout the last century, the popularization of the automobile and development of roads and highways has changed the way we live, and how cities develop. Bridges, aqueducts, and power plants had comparable impact in the past. I consider each of these examples to be "icons" of infrastructures that we humans build to improve our living environments and to fulfill our urge to become better.Fast forward to now. The last decades showed us the development of new sophisticated networks that connect people and continents. Communication grids, satellite communication, high speed fiber optics and many other technologies have made possible the existence of the ultimate human network - the internet. A network created by us to satisfy our needs to connect, to share, to socialize and communicate over distances never before imagined. The data center is the icon of this network.Through modern digitalization methods, text, sounds, images, and knowledge can be converted into zero's and one's and distributed almost instantly to all corners of the world. The data center is the center piece in the storage, processing, and distribution of this data.The Urban Data Center hopes to bring this icon closer to its creators and users. Let us celebrate its existence and shed some light into the inner workings of the world's largest network. Let the users that inhabit this critical network come inside of it and understand where it lives. This thesis explores the expressive potential of networks and data through the design of a data center in Washington, DC. / Master of Architecture

Orientador: Aníbal Tavares de Azevedo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T17:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Junqueira_Catarina_M.pdf: 2614874 bytes, checksum: b29c43ffaf65bf7db65e0296e74da20b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: A eficiência de um terminal portuário é essencial para permitir o incremento do fluxo de contêineres em uma cadeia global de suprimentos. Neste trabalho, é proposta a integração do problema de movimentação de contêineres no pátio com o problema do plano de estiva do navio. Na literatura é provado que ambos os problemas são NP-Completos, para tanto, é proposta a adaptação de um método que já foi empregado com sucesso na resolução do problema do plano de estiva: a representação por regras. As regras definem ao longo de n portos, como vai ocorrer a sequência de carregamento e descarregamento de contêineres e tem como objetivo reduzir o número de movimentos desnecessários. A contribuição prática dar-se-á pela redução na quantidade de informações necessárias para se representar a tomada de decisões através de um modelo matemático. Além disso, a representação por regras tem a grande vantagem de utilizar uma representação bastante compacta que assegura a geração de soluções factíveis. São apresentados os resultados obtidos com exemplos numéricos que mostram que, com baixo tempo computacional foi possível obter sequências de movimentos factíveis / Abstract: The efficiency of a port terminal is essential to allow the increase of the flow of containers in a global supply chain. In this work, it is proposed the integration of the problem of moving containers in the yard with the ship stowage plan problem. In literature it is proven that both problems are NP-Complet, therefore, it is proposed to adapt a method that has been successfully employed in solving the problem of the storage plan: the rules representation. The rules define over n ports, how the sequence of loading and unloading containers will occur and aims to reduce the number of unnecessary movements. The practical contribution is given by the reduction in the amount of information needed to represent the decision-making process through a mathematical model. In addition, the rules representation have the advantage of using a very compact representation that ensures the generation of feasible solutions. The results obtained with numerical examples show that with low computational time it has been possible to obtain sequences of feasible movements / Mestrado / Pesquisa Operacional / Mestra em Pesquisa Operacional

published_or_final_version / Mechanical Engineering / Master / Master of Science in Engineering

Thesis (Masters Diploma (Food Technology)) -- Cape Technikon, Cape Town, 1992 / Kakamas peaches and Bulida apricots were heat processed in transparent and aluminium laminated plastic bags and compared with fruit heat processed in standard cans. Heat processing conditions were optimized to produce acceptable processed products. Appropriate chemical and microbiological properties of all treatments as well as sensory quality of peaches were investigated. Although rectifiable disadvantages such as texture softening and fading of colour appeared during storage, peaches and apricots were successfully heat processed in aluminium laminated pouches. Heat processed peaches had a maximum storage life of 12 months and apricots 6 months when stored at ambient temperature in aluminium laminated pouches.

Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica) - Centro Universitário FEI, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018

Thesis (M.S.)--Naval Postgraduate School, 2003. / Title from title screen (viewed July 8, 2004). "June 2003." Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-47). Also issued in paper format.

Thesis (M.S. in Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2003. / Thesis advisor(s): Richard Doyle, Ira Lewis. Includes bibliographical references (p. 45-47). Also available online.

No description available.

It is known that a newly formed glass container will only possess a very small fraction of its theoretical strength. This suggests that damage occurs on the surface of the glass melt during the forming process due to glass to mould contact and hot glass handling. It might be expected that any damage inflicted on the surface of a glass article during manufacture would heal at the elevated manufacturing temperatures used, however this does not appear to be true. Therefore, the actual mechanism by which glass strength is reduced during forming needs to be fully understood and the work presented in this thesis addresses this problem. Experiments, therefore, have been carried out here which simulate the formation of glass articles using an experimental pressing rig by systematically altering processing parameters such as the mould material, surface fmish of the mould, pressing temperature and atmosphere. Processing parameters that are used industrially for the formation of glass containers were generally reproduced wherever possible in order to investigate the glass-to-mould interaction. The interaction of both a cast iron mould material and carbon-carbon composite materials with a soda-lime-silica glass were examined using the techniques of scanning electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy in order to determine the type and extent of surface damage formed. The surfaces of the pressed glass samples made were found to contain defects of embedded particles and indented dimples. The embedded particles found were usually due to bulk material transfer from the plunger material used. The texture found on the surface of the pressed glass samples was found to be directly affected by the surface fmish of the plunger. Pressing glass samples using a cast iron plunger at an initial plunger temperature below 450°C resulted in a randomly rippled 'chilled' surface. As the initial temperature of the plunger was increased, the surface texture of the pressed glass became a closer replica of the plunger surface. The use of vacuum assistance to form the glass samples also resulted in the surface of the pressed glass becoming a closer replica of the original plunger surface, even at lower pressing temperatures. The surfaces of the cast iron and carbon-carbon composite plungers appeared to have been affected by the initial plunger temperatures used. As the initial pressing temperature was increased, the amount of oxidation for both material types increased. In the case of the carbon-carbon composite materials investigated, both the matrix and fibres were found to have broken down at the pressing temperatures used. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, of the pressed glass surfaces and the plunger materials indicated that sodium ions had migrated from the glass melt to the plunger surface during forming.