Introduction: We analyse the privacy policies of 15 private corporations to understand if the data handling practices – data collection, storage, and sharing –described in the policies are ethical or unethical. The data we leave behind when we use the Internet are crucial for corporations. The data provides valuable insights into our lives, thus helping corporations improve targeted marketing campaigns and increase their revenue. Method: Extensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles, written between1993 and 2021, to examine how theoretical perspectives and empirical findings evolved over time; combined with empirical research to analyse the privacy policies and “dark patterns” of 15 companies. The companies were chosen at random and belong to different sectors to give a broader understanding of the current privacy and data handling practices. Analysis: Discourse analysis of the privacy policies to evaluate the type of language used, if it is clear, easy to understand, and if the policy informs users about how their data are collected, shared, and stored. But also, a visual analysis to understand if the company is implementing “dark patterns”. Results: The results indicate that most privacy policies use misleading terms, are not fully transparent about the company’s data handling practices, and often implement “dark patterns” to try to influence the users’ decisions. Conclusion: Most companies have privacy policies available on their websites due to a clear influence from the GDPR legislation, however, there appears to be a conflicting relationship between wanting to comply with the GDPR and wanting to gather as much information as possible.

In this dissertation, new approaches that utilize the one-way cryptographic hash functions in designing improved network security protocols are investigated. The proposed approaches are designed to be scalable and easy to implement in modern technology. The first contribution explores session cookies with emphasis on the threat of session hijacking attacks resulting from session cookie theft or sniffing. In the proposed scheme, these cookies are replaced by easily computed authentication credentials using Lamport's well-known one-time passwords. The basic idea in this scheme revolves around utilizing sparse caching units, where authentication credentials pertaining to cookies are stored and fetched once needed, thereby, mitigating computational overhead generally associated with one-way hash constructions. The second and third proposed schemes rely on dividing the one-way hash construction into a hierarchical two-tier construction. Each tier component is responsible for some aspect of authentication generated by using two different hash functions. By utilizing different cryptographic hash functions arranged in two tiers, the hierarchical two-tier protocol (our second contribution) gives significant performance improvement over previously proposed solutions for securing Internet cookies. Through indexing authentication credentials by their position within the hash chain in a multi-dimensional chain, the third contribution achieves improved performance. In the fourth proposed scheme, an attempt is made to apply the one-way hash construction to achieve user and broadcast authentication in wireless sensor networks. Due to known energy and memory constraints, the one-way hash scheme is modified to mitigate computational overhead so it can be easily applied in this particular setting. The fifth scheme tries to reap the benefits of the sparse cache-supported scheme and the hierarchical scheme. The resulting hybrid approach achieves efficient performance at the lowest cost of caching possible. In the sixth proposal, an authentication scheme tailored for the multi-server single sign-on (SSO) environment is presented. The scheme utilizes the one-way hash construction in a Merkle Hash Tree and a hash calendar to avoid impersonation and session hijacking attacks. The scheme also explores the optimal configuration of the one-way hash chain in this particular environment. All the proposed protocols are validated by extensive experimental analyses. These analyses are obtained by running simulations depicting the many scenarios envisioned. Additionally, these simulations are supported by relevant analytical models derived by mathematical formulas taking into consideration the environment under investigation.

Data klassificeras numera som världens mest värdefulla resurs. Den växande och storskaliga användningen av internet är en bidragande faktor till de enorma mängder data som genereras och florerar i våra digitala miljöer. Genom att analysera data som samlas in från internet, kan insikter och förståelse för internetanvändares beteendemönster utvinnas. Därför har datainsamling och webbanalys på senare år blivit en nyckelaktivitet för många internetaktörer. Med ett effektivt arbete kring dessa områden kan internetaktörer skapa sig fördelar gentemot sina konkurrenter, och därmed skapa sig marknadsmässiga försprång. I takt med att data blir allt mer eftertraktat ökar också kraven på att internetanvändares integritet ska prioriteras så att datainsamlingen inte bryter mot några etiska principer. Detta ämne har på senare år blivit allt mer aktuellt efter att det visat sig att internetanvändares integritet ofta åsidosätts i strävan efter att samla in data. Många webbläsare har därför börjat arbeta aktivt för att skydda sina användare i större utsträckning, bland annat genom att hantera kakor allt mer restriktivt. Detta har orsakatproblem för webbanalysverktyg, då de använder kakor för att kunna identifiera, binda samman och samla in data kring en besökares beteenden och interaktioner på en webbplats. Syftet med denna studie är att utveckla, utvärdera och jämföra metoder som stärkerde kakor som används av webbanalysverktyg. Med hjälp av de metoder som utvecklas är studiens mål att höja kvalitén på den data som samlas in av verktygen. Studien har genomförts med en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i fem olika faser. För att utvärdera de metoder som utvecklas i studien har en utvärderingsmodell introducerats. Via utvärderingsmodellen har underlag till studiens resultat kunnat genereras. Resultatet visar att det med hjälp av mikroservicetjänster, i form av en proxyserver, är möjligt att åstadkomma en markant förbättring av kvalitén i den data som samlas in av webbanalysverktyg. / Data is now classified as the world’s most valuable resource. The growing and large-scale usage of internet is a contributing factor to the huge amount of data that are generated and flourish in our digital environments. By analyzing the data that can be collected from internet, insights and understanding of internet users behavioral patterns can be extracted. In recent years, web tracking and web analytics has therefore become a key activity for many players on the internet. With an effective work in these areas, internet players can create an advantage on thier competitors. As data becomes more and more sought after, the demands on the privacy aspects for internet users are also increasing. In recent years, this topic has become even more relevant, after it has been found that the privacy of internet users is often violated in the effort of data collection. Many web browsers has therefore actively begun to protect their users, for instance by handling cookies more restrictively. This has casued problems for web analytics tools, as they use cookies to identify, bind and collect data about users interactions and behavior patterns on a website. The purpose of this study is to develop, evaluate and compare methods that strengthen cookies used by web analytic tools. Using the methods developed in the study, the goal of the study is to improve the quality of the data that are collected by the tools. The study was conducted using a qualitative research method in five different phases. In order to evaluate the methods developed in the study, an evaluation model has been introduced. Through the evaluation model, data to the study’s result have been generated. The results shows that with help of microservices, in the form of aproxy server, it is possible to achieve a significant improvement in the quality of the data collected by web analytics tools.

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<p>Zadatak ove teze je da se ispita uticaj zamene dela p&scaron;eničnog bra&scaron;na ekstrudiranim snek proizvodima obogaćenim dodatkom p&scaron;enične klice, pivskog tropa i tropa jabuke na svojstva testa (boja, fizička, reolo&scaron;ka) kao i na karakteristike čajnog peciva (fizičke, senzorske, nutritivne, trajnost, mikrobiolo&scaron;ke). U toku preliminarnih ispitivanja (prva faza eksperimentalnog rada) ispitan je uticaj obezma&scaron;ćene p&scaron;enične klice na kvalitet testa i čajnog peciva u cilju definisanja optimalnog nivoa zamene p&scaron;eničnog bra&scaron;na ekstrudatima kukuruzne krupice sa dodatkom sporednih proizvoda prehrambene industrije i optimalnog sadržaja vlage testa. P&scaron;enično bra&scaron;no je u količini od 5, 10 i 15 % zamenjeno obezma&scaron;ćenom p&scaron;eničnom klicom. Pored uticaja nivoa zamene p&scaron;eničnog bra&scaron;na p&scaron;eničnom klicom, ispitan je i uticaj veličine čestica p&scaron;enične klice (&lt;150 &mu;m, 150-1000 &mu;m i 800-2000 &mu;m), kao i vlage testa pri zamesu (20, 22 i 24 %). U toku druge faze eksperimentalnog rada ove doktorske disertacije, pripremljeni su ekstrudati kukuruzne krupice sa dodatkom sporednih proizvoda prehrambene industrije i to: p&scaron;enične klice, pivskog tropa i tropa jabuke u udelima 15, 30 i 45 % (odnos kukuruzna krupica:sporedni proizvod bio je 85:15, 70:30 i 55:45). Dobijeni ekstrudati su samleveni i prosejani na sitima u cilju dobijanja tri frakcije sa različitim veličinama čestica (&lt; 250 &mu;m, 250 - 1000 &mu;m i 1000 - 2000 &mu;m). Izvr&scaron;ena je karakterizacija ekstrudata u smislu određivanja hemijskog sastava, raspodele veličine čestica, boje i mikrobiolo&scaron;ke analize. Ovako dobijeni ekstrudati su zatim kori&scaron;ćeni u proizvodnji čajnog peciva kao zamena p&scaron;eničnog bra&scaron;na u količinama od 5, 10 i 15 % računato na masu bra&scaron;na. Za procenu uticaja veličine čestica ekstrudata, udela sporednog proizvoda u ekstrudatu i udela ekstrudata u čajnom pecivu na osobine testa i čajnog peciva takođe je kori&scaron;ćen Box-Behnken eksperimentalni dizajn. Rezultati su pokazali da je moguća proizvodnja funkcionalnog čajnog peciva sa dodatkom ekstrudata kukuruzne krupice obogaćene sporednim proizvodima prehrambene industrije, pri čemu se pobolj&scaron;ava nutritivni profil čajnog peciva, bez negativnih efekata na fizičke i senzorske karakteristike gotovog proizvoda.</p> / <p>The aim of this study is to examine the effect of replacing a portion of wheat flour with extruded snack products enriched with the addition of wheat germ, brewer&#39;s spent grain and apple pomace on the rheological and textural properties of dough and on characteristics of cookies (physical, sensory, nutritive, microbiological). During the preliminary analysis (the first phase of the experimental work), the influence of defatted wheat germ particle size, wheat germ content and dough moisture content on the quality of the dough and the cookies was investigated using the Box-Behnken experimental design. During the second phase of the experimental work, the extruded corn meal with the addition of by-products of the food industry (wheat germ, brewer&#39;s spent grain and apple pomace) were prepared (the ratio of corn meal: by-product was 85:15, 70:30 and 55:45). The obtained snack products are milled and sieved to obtain 3 fractions with different particle sizes (&lt;250 &mu;m, 250-1000 &mu;m and 1000-2000 &mu;m). Characterization of the extrudates in terms of determining the chemical composition, particle size distribution, color and microbiological analysis was performed. The obtained extrudates were then used in the production of cookies for the replacement of wheat flour in quantities of 5, 10 and 15%. The Box-Behnken experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of the extrudate particle size, the share of the by-product in the extrudate, and the share of extrudates in the cookies, on the dough properties and cookies characteristics.<br />The results showed that the corn snack products enriched with food industry by-products (brewer&#39;s spent grain, wheat germ and apple pomace) can be used for production of functional cookies. These additives in an amount up to 15% improving the nutritional profile of the cookies, without adverse effects on the physical and sensory characteristics of the final product.</p>

Este trabajo intenta encontrar sentido a la noción de intimidad analizando distintas definiciones; estudia algunas tecnologías que ponen en tensión esta noción. Desarrolla dos mecanismos que tienden a proteger la intimidad de las personas: la perspectiva de mayor legislación y la perspectiva enmarcada en el modelo que preconiza la autorregulación de las empresas utilizando la tecnología. Propone una guía que pueden asumir los padres y docentes para minimizar el riesgo de la intimidad de los niños; se aplica esta guía en el estudio de sitios Web en idioma español orientados a niños. Por último hay un breve estudio sobre los principios de privacidad en los sistemas elearning y el estudio de los requerimientos de privacidad entre los componentes de un modelo estándar.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1076293 bytes, checksum: e93b44f17488b33d1721a995828d5ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The flour obtained from the watermelon bast is a byproduct with important nutritional characteristics, which is being considered a promising alternative for the development of new products. The objectives of this work were to study the process of the production of the flour from the white part of watermelon and the development of new cookies source and rich in dietary fiber. The flour was obtained by convective drying using the following conditions: temperature of 60°C, process duration of 240 minutes and air velocity of 3.0 m/s, followed by milling, grinding and sieving processes. The physico-chemical compositions were determined for the raw material, the flour and the cookies. The cookies formulations used were three: control (CT), source of dietary fiber (F1) and rich in dietary fiber (F2). For the sensory evaluation, forty-eight untrained panelists received samples of these biscuits and performed the sensory tests of acceptability, using a 9 point hedonic scale. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), using the statistical software Assistat 7.4 beta. For the flour, it was found values of moisture (9.55%) and ash (9.97%) contents within the current legislation standards, and high value of dietary fiber (33.30%) and minerals. The cookies formulated presented lower moisture content, water activity and protein, and higher contents of carbohydrates and ash. Regarding the analysis of acceptability, formulations F1 and CT obtained scores &#8805; 6, with the attributes of color and texture as the most relevant. The flour from the white part of watermelon can be considered a great alternative as an ingredient in baked goods. / A farinha da entrecasca de melancia é um subproduto com características nutricionais importantes, sendo uma alternativa promissora para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram estudar o processo de produção da farinha da entrecasca de melancia e desenvolver novos biscoitos fonte e rico em fibra alimentar. A farinha foi obtida por secagem convectiva nas condições de temperatura de 60 °C, tempo de 240 minutos e velocidade do ar de 3,0 m/s, seguida das operações de trituração, moagem e peneiramento. Foram determinadas as composições físico-químicas, para a matéria-prima in natura, farinha e biscoitos. As formulações utilizadas para elaboração dos biscoitos foram três: controle (CT), fonte de fibras alimentares (F1) e rico em fibras alimentares (F2). Na avaliação sensorial, quarenta e oito provadores não treinados receberam amostras desses biscoitos e realizaram testes sensoriais de aceitação, utilizando escala hedônica de nove pontos. A análise dos dados foi realizada mediante análise de variância (Anova), utilizando-se o software estatístico Assistat 7.4 beta. Foram encontrados para a farinha valores de umidade (9,55%) e cinzas (9,97%) dentro dos padrões da legislação vigente, como também, alto valor de fibra alimentar (33,30%) e ainda de minerais. Os biscoitos formulados apresentaram menores valores de umidade, atividade de água e proteína, e maiores em cinzas e de carboidratos. Quanto à análise de aceitação, as formulações CT e F1 obtiveram escores &#8805; 6, sendo os atributos de cor e textura como os de maior relevância. Portanto, a farinha da entrecasca de melancia pode ser considerada uma ótima alternativa como ingrediente de produtos de panificação.

Utvecklingen av tekniken sker i snabb takt vilket gör att människors vetskap om OBA inte alltid hänger med, inte heller lagar och regler som ska skydda deras integritet. Därför är det intressant att undersöka hur effektiv marknadsföringstypen OBA är beroende av konsumenternas medvetenhet om fenomenet. Syftet är att analysera hur hög, respektive låg medvetenhet hos konsumenter om online behavioral advertising påverkar deras köpintentioner, med fokus på Generation Ys uppfattningar. Denna studie visar på samband mellan lägre medvetenhet om OBA och högre köpintentioner. Lägre medvetenhet om denna typ av marknadsföring förknippas även med en högre oro kring integriteten. / The development of technology takes place at a rapid pace, which means that people's knowledge of OBA does not always keep up, nor laws and regulations that supposed to protect their privacy. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate how effective online behavioral advertising is as a marketing strategy, based on consumers’ awareness of the phenomenon. The purpose is to analyze how a high and a low level of consumers’ awareness about OBA affects their purchase intentions, focusing on Generation Y’s perceptions.This paper reveals a connection between lower awareness of OBA and higher purchase intentions. Even a higher concern about integrity in the context is associated with lower awareness about this type of marketing.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao Priscilla.pdf: 1326473 bytes, checksum: 42a7bea0b3eac975e437b8a40561c65b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-28 / This study evaluated the chemical composition of dehydrated pequi pulp and its contribution on the nutritional value and acceptability in cookies. Forced air oven drying (60ºC/24 hours) was used to dehydrate the pequi pulp in three repetitions. Five cookie formulations were developed with dehydrated pulp concentrations of 0% (BPA), 5% (BP5), 10% (BP10), 15% (BP15) and 20% (BP20). The centesimal composition and energy value of bleached pulp, dehydrated pulp and the cookies were determined. The fatty acid profile of the dehydrated pulp was also determined. The cookies were analyzed according to preference, acceptability, physical characteristics and microbiological quality. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and the Tukey, Friedman and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests at a 5% significance level. Bleached pequi pulp and dehydrated pequi pulp are rich in lipids (19.39g.100g-1 and 50.79g.100g-1) and dietary fiber (7.45g.100g-1 and 26.68g.100g-1). The energy value of dehydrated pulp was almost three times that of the bleached pulp (204.8 e 525.1 kcal.100g-1). The dehydrated pulp contained 40.53% saturated fatty acids and 51.21% unsaturated fatty acids, with a predominance of oleic acid (47.94%) and palmitic acid (34.45%). The cookie formulations contained 8.16 to 8.90g.100g-1 of moisture, 8.66 to 8.91g.100g-1 of proteins, 12.35 to 13.25g.100g-1 of lipids and from 1.20 to 1.41g.100g-1 of ash. The level of dietary fiber increased significantly with the addition of dehydrated pulp, varying from 2.12 to 5.11g.100g-1 (p<0.05). The cookies energy value varied from 404.6 to 414.0 kcal.100g-1. The width and spread factor of the cookies decreased with the increase in the concentration of the dehydrated pequi pulp. There was no significant difference among the samples as far as preference was concerned. The cookies had good acceptability in regard to appearance, flavor and microbiological quality within the legally established limits. In conclusion, cookies made with dehydrated pequi pulp are a product with good nutritional potential and good acceptability / Este trabalho avaliou a composição química da polpa de pequi desidratada e sua contribuição no valor nutricional e aceitabilidade de biscoitos doces. Realizou-se a desidratação da polpa de pequi, em três repetições, utilizando-se secagem em estufa com circulação forçada do ar (60ºC/24 horas). Cinco formulações de biscoitos foram elaboradas, com concentrações de polpa de pequi desidratada de 0% (BPA), 5% (BP5), 10% (BP10), 15% (BP15) e 20% (BP20). Determinou-se a composição centesimal e valor energético da polpa branqueada, polpa desidratada e biscoitos elaborados. O perfil de ácidos graxos da polpa desidratada também foi determinado. Os biscoitos foram analisados quanto a preferência, aceitabilidade, características físicas e qualidade microbiológica. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de variância, teste de Tukey, teste de Friedman e teste de Kolmogorov- Smirnov, em nível de significância de 5%. A polpa de pequi branqueada e a polpa de pequi desidratada são ricas em lipídeos (19,39g.100g-1 e 50,79g.100g-1) e fibra alimentar (7,45g.100g-1 e 26,68g.100g-1). O valor energético da polpa desidratada quase triplicou em relação a polpa branqueada (204,8 e 525,1 kcal.100g-1). A polpa desidratada apresentou 40,53% de ácidos graxos saturados e 51,21% de ácidos graxos insaturados, com predominância de ácido oléico (47,94%) e ácido palmítico (34,45%). As formulações de biscoitos apresentaram de 8,16 a 8,90g.100g-1 de umidade, de 8,66 a 8,91g.100g-1 de proteínas, de 12,35 a 13,25g.100g-1 de lipídeos e de 1,20 a 1,41g.100g-1 de cinzas. O teor de fibra alimentar aumentou significativamente com a adição de polpa desidratada, variando de 2,12 a 5,11g.100g-1 (p<0,05). O valor energético dos biscoitos variou de 404,6 a 414,0 kcal.100g-1. A largura e fator de expansão dos biscoitos diminuíram com aumento da concentração de polpa de pequi desidratada. Não houve diferença significativa entre as amostras, quanto a preferência. Os biscoitos apresentaram boa aceitabilidade para aparência e sabor e qualidade microbiológica dentro dos padrões exigidos pela legislação. Conclui-se que biscoitos elaborados com polpa de pequi desidratada constituem um produto com bom potencial nutricional e de boa aceitabilidade

Sellout är ett community där medlemmarna har en presentationssida, en gästbok, ett bildgalleri och en dagbok. Det finns även ett forum, där medlemmarna kan diskutera med varandra om allt mellan himmel och jord. Det som skiljer vårt community från andra är att medlemmarna även kan lägga upp bilder och beskrivningar på saker de vill sälja, tipsa om och söka efter musikevenemang, och de kan också få sina demolåtar spelade i vår webbradio. Designmässigt har vi försökt förmedla en känsla som ska få användarna att uppleva att sidan är levande. / Detta är en reflektionsdel till en digital medieproduktion.