No description available.

Th. doct.-ing.--Paris 7, 1981.

No description available.

Coriolis meter, despite being very accurate in single phase conditions, fails to accurately measure two-phase flows. It poses a complex fluid-structure interaction problem in case of two-phase operation; there is a scarcity of theoretical models available to predict the errors reported by Coriolis meter in aforementioned conditions, hence the need for experimental research. Experiments are conducted in both single and two-phase flow conditions. Meter accuracy is excellent in single phase conditions and no significant effect is observed on use of flow conditioners, namely inlet swirl and inline mixer. Operational two-phase envelope is determined through experiments at different flowrates. Flow conditioners are used to study the effect of phase segregation and homogenization on accuracy of the meter. Testing is done to cover two-phase flows from both extreme ends, namely aerated liquids and wet gas. Use of flow conditioners show slight improvement in meter accuracy on use of inline mixer, and reduction in accuracy in case of inlet swirl, when both former and latter are compared to results obtained from experiments with no flow conditioners. The difference in accuracies between results with flow conditioner and without flow conditioners is attributed to relative motion between the phases, which is more in case of inlet swirl, due to larger bubble sizes. Flow conditioners show an insignificant effect on meter accuracy during wet gas tests. The reason proposed is annular flow regime, which is not highly affected by flow conditioners. Single phase tests demonstrate that Coriolis meter gives accurate measurement even in presence of severe flow disturbances. There is no need for flow conditioning before the meter to obtain accurate readings from it, which would be the case in other metering technologies like orifice and turbine. In two phase flows, the meter reports negative errors, which is consistent with previous experimental works available in literature. Use of flow conditioners clearly affects the reading of the meter in aerated liquids. This phenomenon can be used to get fairly accurate estimate of flow rate in low gas volume fraction liquid flows.

Coriolis meter, despite being very accurate in single phase conditions, fails to accurately measure two-phase flows. It poses a complex fluid-structure interaction problem in case of two-phase operation; there is a scarcity of theoretical models available to predict the errors reported by Coriolis meter in aforementioned conditions, hence the need for experimental research. Experiments are conducted in both single and two-phase flow conditions. Meter accuracy is excellent in single phase conditions and no significant effect is observed on use of flow conditioners, namely inlet swirl and inline mixer. Operational two-phase envelope is determined through experiments at different flowrates. Flow conditioners are used to study the effect of phase segregation and homogenization on accuracy of the meter. Testing is done to cover two-phase flows from both extreme ends, namely aerated liquids and wet gas. Use of flow conditioners show slight improvement in meter accuracy on use of inline mixer, and reduction in accuracy in case of inlet swirl, when both former and latter are compared to results obtained from experiments with no flow conditioners. The difference in accuracies between results with flow conditioner and without flow conditioners is attributed to relative motion between the phases, which is more in case of inlet swirl, due to larger bubble sizes. Flow conditioners show an insignificant effect on meter accuracy during wet gas tests. The reason proposed is annular flow regime, which is not highly affected by flow conditioners. Single phase tests demonstrate that Coriolis meter gives accurate measurement even in presence of severe flow disturbances. There is no need for flow conditioning before the meter to obtain accurate readings from it, which would be the case in other metering technologies like orifice and turbine. In two phase flows, the meter reports negative errors, which is consistent with previous experimental works available in literature. Use of flow conditioners clearly affects the reading of the meter in aerated liquids. This phenomenon can be used to get fairly accurate estimate of flow rate in low gas volume fraction liquid flows.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--York University, 2000. Graduate Programme in Physics and Astronomy. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-61). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ67758.

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Cette thèse présente la conception d'un microgyromètre MEMS triaxial. Les microgyromètres ont de nombreuses applications telles que le contrôle d'attitude de drones ou l'interfaces homme/machine. Les microgyromètres triaxiaux sont particulièrement avantageux car ils permettent de déterminer les trois composantes de la vitesse de rotation à partir d'un seule structure monolithique et planaire. Le principe de fonctionnement des gyromètres vibrants à effet Coriolis (CVG) a été étudié analytiquement, puis une structure originale de gyromètre triaxial monolithique et planaire a été conçue. Cette structure est constituée de quatre poutres encastrées sur un cadre déformable. Des prototypes en silicium ont été réalisés et caractérisés. L’arséniure de gallium (GaAs) a été sélectionné pour la réalisation en raison de ses propriétés piézoélectriques et de son fort potentiel de miniaturisation. Un système d’électrodes pour l'excitation et la détection des vibrations mécaniques a été mis au point. Deux procédés d'usinage du GaAs ont été développés, un procédé de gravure chimique et un procédé de gravure plasma permettant tous les deux de graver verticalement le GaAs sur 450 micromètres de profondeur. Le procédé de gravure plasma est compatible avec la réalisation du CVG triaxial. Des résonateurs de test en GaAs dopé Carbone ont été réalisés par gravure chimique pour mesurer l'évolution en température de la résistivité et des propriétés électromécaniques de ce matériau. Ces mesures ont permis d'estimer que les marches aléatoires angulaires du CVG triaxial sont inférieures à 0,025 degré par racine d'heure sur la gamme de température [-40°C +80°C] pour les trois axes de mesure. Ceci situe le potentiel du CVG triaxial conçu parmi les CVG MEMS les plus performants. / This PhD present the conception of a triaxial MEMS microgyro. Microgyros offer a wide range of applications varying from drones attitude control to human interface devices. The triaxial microgyros offer great benefits because they allow determination of the three rotation rate components with only one monolithic planar structure. The operating principle of Coriolis Vibrating Gyro (CVG) has been studied analytically and an original structure has been designed. This structure consists of four beam clamped into a deformable frame. Some silicon prototypes have been machined and characterised. The gallium arsenide (GaAs) has been chosen for the realisation because of its piezoelectric properties and its great miniaturization potential. A transduction system based on GaAs piezoelectricity was developed. Two GaAs machining processes have been developed: a chemical etching process and a plasma etching process which both enable 450 micrometers deep vertical etching. The plasma etching technique allows high fidelity enough machining to be compatible with the triaxial CVG realisation. Some C-doped GaAs test resonators have been realised to measure the resistivity temperature dependency and electromechanical properties of this material. Those characterisations lead to estimate the angular random walk for the three axis ranges below 0,025 degree per square root hour on the temperature range [-40°C +80°C]. This sets the triaxial CVG together with the best monoaxial MEMS CVG.

The aim of this thesis has been to provide the reader with an intuitive insight into the mechanisms of the Coriolis effect. Apart from thoroughly describing the phenomenon, the essay attempts to eliminate as many myths prevailing around the Coriolis effect as possible. To get there, only a few mathematical derivations and calculations have been presented – the focus has been on a pure conceptual level. Furthermore, delusive textbook explanations have been examined and discussed in case studies. In the conclusion, the goal is reached by summarising the sought intuitive description of the Coriolis effect into one single sentence.