The topic of this thesis is conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution. This institute is one of the alternative ways of handling the criminal case, which are collectively called diversions. Their theoretical basis is a concept called restorative justice. Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is an institute of criminal procedure that is a significant manifestation of the subsidiarity of criminal repression. This institute represents the provision of certain privileges to the accused that lie in the fact that the criminal proceedings are not brought to its standard end in exchange for reimbursing the relationship with the victim, disturbed by the criminal offence. The thesis is divided into six chapters, which seek to render the chosen theme as well as its broader context. At thebeginning, attention is paid to the concept of restorative justice and the concept of diversions. The main part of this thesis is in the third chapter and is entirely exclusively devoted to conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution. Author's goal is to cover all aspects of this concept and its application. The following chapter is devoted to other types of diversions. Given the limited scope for this thesis,this attention is however only marginal.. Within the penultimate chapter, the thorough...

O presente trabalho é um estudo de história social da escravidão que trata de crimes cometidos por escravos contra seus senhores na cidade de Campinas. Tem como objetivo compreender quem eram os escravos que cometiam delitos tão graves e quais as motivações por eles alegadas - ou a eles atribuídas - para justificar suas ações. Duas dinâmicas podem ser dessa maneira estudadas: por um lado, a relação dos escravos com os senhores, que culminou no assassinato dos últimos. Por outro, pode-se analisar também as relações horizontais dos escravos com seus companheiros, os laços afetivos e sociais por eles estabelecidos. Pode-se, assim, esclarecer tanto o momento excepcional do crime como outras interações que o precederam e motivaram. Num primeiro momento, a análise é focada no final da década de 1840, quando a produção de açúcar perdia cada vez mais espaço para o café e a proporção de africanos dentre os escravos era bastante alta. Nesta oportunidade, três crimes serão analisados, ocorridos em fazendas produtoras de cana, café e chá, pelos quais quatro escravos africanos foram condenados à morte pelo tribunal do júri, enquadrados na lei de 10 de junho de 1835. Num segundo momento, o foco é a década de 1870. Serão cinco os delitos examinados, os quais tiveram lugar em roças de café, algodão e produtos de subsistência. Quatorze escravos foram levados a julgamento como réus; alguns foram absolvidos enquanto outros encararam punições diversas, porém nenhum deles foi condenado à morte. Na conjuntura posterior ao fechamento definitivo do tráfico atlântico de escravos, nenhum dos indiciados era natural da África, mas vários deles vieram de diversas províncias do Brasil. A análise destes interessantes casos é possível através do cruzamento de dois tipos de documentos produzidos simultaneamente quando da morte destes senhores: os processos criminais, abertos e conduzidos por autoridades policiais e judiciais com o fim de apurar os fatos e punir os culpados; e os inventários post-mortem dos senhores, que listavam e avaliavam os bens por ele deixados em herança. / This paper regarding the social history of slavery studies crimes committed by slaves against their masters in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. It tries to understand who were those slaves and what were the motivations they used - or were assigned to them - to justify their actions. This analysis allows us to understand de relationship between master and slave, which culminated on the murder. But it also allows seeing the horizontal relationships betweens those slaves and their partners, their affective and social connections which could influence their behavior. I focus primarily in two types of documents created by these quarrels: the criminal prosecution installed by the legal authorities, such as the police and magistrates, and the inventory of the goods the master possessed and that would be shared by the heirs. When analyzed together, these two documents can shed light on the routine of the property, informing not only how the crime occurred, what were its motivations and how the defendant slave justified his actions to the State authorities, but also how he related to other slaves, what was his occupation, his skills, what items were produced in the property, what was the financial situation of the master, if it made him demand to expand the production, through an intensification of work pace from his slaves that would justify an upraise. At first, the analysis focuses on the late 1840\'s, when sugar plantations were being surpassed by coffee and a high percentage of slaves had African origin. Then, three homicides took place on sugar, coffee and tea plantations and four African slaves were trialed and condemned to death, according to the law of June 10th 1835. Afterwards, five crimes occurred in the 1870\'s will be explored. They happened in coffee, cotton and food plantations. Fourteen slaves were prosecuted, some of them were absolved, while others were condemned to face various punishments, but none of them were condemned to death - although the law of 1835 still applied. After the closing of Atlantic slave trade, the defendants were no longer Africans, but many came from several provinces of Brazil.

Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T13:07:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T17:21:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T17:21:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora Neto.pdf: 53173 bytes, checksum: 517ff122154b6fdac9bf01fcc5019fd0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Este estudo propõe-se a enfrentar os difíceis contornos para a resolução antecipada do mérito no processo penal indagando sobre a compatibilidade entre o princípio da adequação e a análise do processo como ferramenta para a solução de conflitos e preservação de garantias fundamentais em favor da boa administração da justiça. Para dar sustentação a esses objetivos serão estudados os princípios que vão nortear a abreviação da resolução do mérito e a tensão existente entre a razoável duração do processo e a qualidade do provimento jurisdicional que se espera sem descurar do devido processo legal da pretensão de instrumentalidade e da preservação da dignidade da pessoa humana. Com esse propósito serão identificadas as decisões que abreviam o mérito em caráter definitivo aptas à coisa julgada material e que devem ser enquadradas no conceito de resolução antecipada. Nessa linha será feito o devido aparte entre os propósitos e a pertinência da solução do mérito que evite a responsabilidade criminal e aquele de natureza sancionatória com a nota distintiva da disciplina da justiça consensual e a analogia ao julgamento antecipado existente no processo civil. / Salvador

This master thesis concerns itself with the alternative procedural measure, the institute of conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution and some of its relating issues. Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is a type of diversion. It is employed by public prosecutors, or courts, to suspend the further criminal prosecution of those who are accused of committing less serious criminal offence. This is carried on the condition that the accused individual is presented with the opportunity to observe the behavioural rules of proper life throughout the probationary period. Should there be proof of the individual's observation of the rules, the decision regarding his/her case becomes final. However, should the accused fail to observe such rules during the probationary period, then the public prosecutor, or the court, for that matter, rule in favour of furthering his/her prosecution (albeit this rarely takes place in practice). Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is a type of diversion designed to reduce the burden on law enforcement authorities. It is based on the idea of restorative justice with an emphasis on the victim and his/her interests. The primary objective is to bring the accused to the victim and compensate the damages. Before the ruling, it is not necessary...

O presente trabalho é um estudo de história social da escravidão que trata de crimes cometidos por escravos contra seus senhores na cidade de Campinas. Tem como objetivo compreender quem eram os escravos que cometiam delitos tão graves e quais as motivações por eles alegadas - ou a eles atribuídas - para justificar suas ações. Duas dinâmicas podem ser dessa maneira estudadas: por um lado, a relação dos escravos com os senhores, que culminou no assassinato dos últimos. Por outro, pode-se analisar também as relações horizontais dos escravos com seus companheiros, os laços afetivos e sociais por eles estabelecidos. Pode-se, assim, esclarecer tanto o momento excepcional do crime como outras interações que o precederam e motivaram. Num primeiro momento, a análise é focada no final da década de 1840, quando a produção de açúcar perdia cada vez mais espaço para o café e a proporção de africanos dentre os escravos era bastante alta. Nesta oportunidade, três crimes serão analisados, ocorridos em fazendas produtoras de cana, café e chá, pelos quais quatro escravos africanos foram condenados à morte pelo tribunal do júri, enquadrados na lei de 10 de junho de 1835. Num segundo momento, o foco é a década de 1870. Serão cinco os delitos examinados, os quais tiveram lugar em roças de café, algodão e produtos de subsistência. Quatorze escravos foram levados a julgamento como réus; alguns foram absolvidos enquanto outros encararam punições diversas, porém nenhum deles foi condenado à morte. Na conjuntura posterior ao fechamento definitivo do tráfico atlântico de escravos, nenhum dos indiciados era natural da África, mas vários deles vieram de diversas províncias do Brasil. A análise destes interessantes casos é possível através do cruzamento de dois tipos de documentos produzidos simultaneamente quando da morte destes senhores: os processos criminais, abertos e conduzidos por autoridades policiais e judiciais com o fim de apurar os fatos e punir os culpados; e os inventários post-mortem dos senhores, que listavam e avaliavam os bens por ele deixados em herança. / This paper regarding the social history of slavery studies crimes committed by slaves against their masters in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. It tries to understand who were those slaves and what were the motivations they used - or were assigned to them - to justify their actions. This analysis allows us to understand de relationship between master and slave, which culminated on the murder. But it also allows seeing the horizontal relationships betweens those slaves and their partners, their affective and social connections which could influence their behavior. I focus primarily in two types of documents created by these quarrels: the criminal prosecution installed by the legal authorities, such as the police and magistrates, and the inventory of the goods the master possessed and that would be shared by the heirs. When analyzed together, these two documents can shed light on the routine of the property, informing not only how the crime occurred, what were its motivations and how the defendant slave justified his actions to the State authorities, but also how he related to other slaves, what was his occupation, his skills, what items were produced in the property, what was the financial situation of the master, if it made him demand to expand the production, through an intensification of work pace from his slaves that would justify an upraise. At first, the analysis focuses on the late 1840\'s, when sugar plantations were being surpassed by coffee and a high percentage of slaves had African origin. Then, three homicides took place on sugar, coffee and tea plantations and four African slaves were trialed and condemned to death, according to the law of June 10th 1835. Afterwards, five crimes occurred in the 1870\'s will be explored. They happened in coffee, cotton and food plantations. Fourteen slaves were prosecuted, some of them were absolved, while others were condemned to face various punishments, but none of them were condemned to death - although the law of 1835 still applied. After the closing of Atlantic slave trade, the defendants were no longer Africans, but many came from several provinces of Brazil.

Aneta Kubínová: Reporting of Crimes and Significance of Reporting in Criminology, 2016 Abstract: A criminal complaint is an instrument of criminal law, which allows the public to participate on suppression of crime. Furthermore, a criminal complaint is the most common mean how the criminal justice learns about committed crimes. This master thesis aims to cover the topic of reporting of crimes via a criminal complaint in the legal system in Czech Republic. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first chapter covers the basic principles regarding the reporting of crimes in the Czech Republic. The subchapters revolve around criminal law principles relevant to the submission of the complaint, registered and latent criminality and perspective of the victim of reported crime. The second chapter studies the legislative requirements of the reporting of crimes in the Czech Republic, which is mostly regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code. The subchapters focus on a criminal complaint viewed as an incentive for criminal prosecution and on the formal and content requirements. The third chapter examines the preparatory proceedings of prosecution. The subchapters address the proceedings following the filing of a criminal complaint, the criminal investigation and introduce the reduced preparatory proceeding. The...

This diploma thesis focuses on issues connected with conditional discontinuation of criminal prosecution. This concept enables to temporarily suspend criminal prosecution with the provision that if the accused complies with certain set conditions during a certain probation period, the criminal prosecution will be discontinued with final effect. This paper chiefly aims to analyse in detail the conditions required by the Code of Criminal Procedure for the application of conditional discontinuation of criminal prosecution. The paper also presents a brief analysis of the conditions required for other diversions of criminal proceedings permitted under Czech laws. This diploma thesis consists of the introduction, five individual chapters, of which the third and fourth are further divided into subchapters, and the conclusion. The first chapter deals with the concept of restorative justice, which serves as the ideological basis for procedural diversions. An analysis of its individual values, principles and ideas is presented. The first chapter also includes an outline of the programmes under which restorative justice is being developed. The conclusion of this chapter contains the author's thoughts concerning the individual programmes and their implementation in the Czech legislation. The second chapter...

The initiation of criminal prosecution The reason for my thesis, is to analyse the procedure of initiation of criminal prosecution and acts of preliminary hearing that are connected to it. The stress will be put on problematic details of current legislation and conceptions created during the procedure of recodification of criminal procedure in the Czech republic.The thesis is divided into seven chapters, which analyse the initiation of criminal prosecution from different points of view and as a result describe the initiation of criminal prosecution as one of the most important proceduralal acts of whole criminal procedure. The firs chapter is focused on historical development of the initiation of criminal prosecution between years 1962 - 20116, especially its form, organization and systhematical position. Following chapter desribes and analyses preceeding of urgent and non reproductible tasks placed in section 158a of criminal code as an exception from usual procedure of collecting pieces of evidence in criminal procedure and its relationship to the initiation of criminal prosecution with using the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights Chapter three desribes general principles of the initiation of criminal prosecution in relation to definition of legal term act which the person is accused...

Conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is an institute that was introduced into Czech criminal procedure law more than twenty years ago. Over the years, this alternative way of handling criminal cases has become the most commonly used (in the last four years, the second most commonly used) means of all alternative ways called diversions. This diversion is used by both prosecutors and courts in cases of less serious criminal offenses. The point of conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution is the decision of the prosecutor or the court not to initiate criminal court proceedings or cease them under certain conditions, the most important of them being the offender reimbursing the injured party for the damages caused by the crime. The goal of the author of this thesis is to briefly write about the history of alternative ways of handling criminal cases and their introduction into Czech criminal law, then to move on to specifically discussing the institute of conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution, the conditions that must be met for its use, the benefits it brings into Czech criminal law and criminal proceedings and to compare it with other types of diversions, as well as with the use of the same institute in Slovak criminal law under slightly different conditions. The...

The master thesis addresses the institute of the conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution. Being one part of divergences, the core of the conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution lays in temporally suspension of further criminal proceeding with a premise of its definitive suspension if the legal requirements are met. Except for the introductory part and the conclusion, the thesis is divided into three main chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the concept of restorative justice and deals also with a concept of divergences. In addition to the definition of the divergence the thesis addresses adequately particular types of divergences as they appear in Czech criminal proceedings. The core of the thesis shall be found in the chapter number two, which provides a closer look at the conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution itself. Through all the paragraphs in this chapter the conditions of an application of the conditional suspension, the course of the probation period and particularities of this proceeding are being dealt with. Furthermore, the chapter includes also a summarization of an evolution of the law, as well as a brief study of a Slovak conception of conditional discontinuance of criminal prosecution. In the closing chapter several de lege ferenda thoughts are...