Este trabalho estuda a política nacional de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a partir da proposta de realizar uma outra antropologia das políticas públicas, que se aproxime do princípio de simetria. Inicialmente, alguns aspectos da APS e de como esta é constituída como modelo científico para os sistemas de saúde mundiais são revisados, bem como sua configuração atual no Sistema Único de Saúde, através da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e do Programa de Agentes Comunitários. Analisa-se também a forma como conceitos de família e de comunidade estão presentes nestas políticas. A partir do estudo das redes de atuantes, no sentido de Latour, sugere-se que as diferenças criadas entre a ESF e outros modelos, que dividem o cuidado da saúde em terapias especializadas clínicas e cirúrgicas de um lado e o planejamento epidemiológico-sanitarista de outro, podem ser entendidos como uma postura diferente em relação ao acordo modernista. Para isso utilizam-se três aspectos principais observados em campo: a) a prática de cuidado mais individualizado de saúde, ou clínica; b) o trabalho com territórios e as identidades relacionadas com o processo de territorialização; c) a prática da atenção domiciliar. Ao mapear estas redes híbridas mobilizadas pelas equipes de saúde da família, e especialmente, através do estudo da postura do médico de família e comunidade nestas, demonstra-se como outras naturezas e sociedades são produzidos e reificados de forma a esclarecer diferenças que se evidenciam em comparação aos modelos biomédicos e sanitaristas. Mais do que uma abordagem que inclua aspectos sociais do processo saúde-doença ou simplesmente uma prática diferenciada, mais humanizada, da biomedicina, sugere-se que a proposta da APS tem realizado uma alteração mais profunda no cuidado à saúde através da mobilização de atuantes em coletivos diversos, abrindo espaço para outras formas de entender o que é saúde e doença, a partir de uma postura diferenciada perante a natureza e a cultura, o que ainda não parece ser um processo totalmente claro. Por fim, aprofunda-se o estudo da noção de competência cultural que é, dependendo da forma como entendemos os dois termos desta expressão, no mínimo discutível e necessita ser repensada assim como sua valoração secundária perante as outras características da APS. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma multiplicidade maior de formas de se pensar o cuidado à saúde em meio à diversidade, que possa ser utilizado tanto pelos profissionais da saúde quanto por antropólogos, aproximando estas áreas. / This work studies the brazilian primary health care policy (PHC) in the perspective of a certain way of an anthropology of policies going in the direction of Latourian’s concept of symmetry. First, some aspects of PHC and how it is constituted as a scientific model for worldwide health systems are revised. Its current configuration in brazilian health system as the Family Health Strategy (FHS) are also studied with particular attention to how concepts like family and community appear. I suggest that the differences between the models like FHS and the frequently di-cotomized model of biomedicine x collective health can be seen as a different position in relation to de modern constitution. To get to this conclusion I analyze the actants networks in three situations in the practice of a FH team: a) individual clinical care; b) the work with health territories; and, c) the home care. Doing so I try to demonstrate how other natures and societies are produced and reified, in a way of making clearer the differences between this model of health care and the others mentioned above. More than an approach that include a singular view of social aspects in the health-sick process care or more simply a more humanized practice, I suggest that the FHS are performing a much more complex alteration in health care by the mobilization of actants in many types of collectives, opening space for different ways of thinking health and sickness that derives from a specific posture before nature and culture, what is not actually totally clear. For last the auto-attributed notion of cultural competence are revised and questioned as the apparently lesser importance near other PHC caracteristcs. This work wants to contribute to higher multiplicity of ways of thinking the health care and its importance in presence of the human variety to be useful for health care professionals and anthropologists, approximating them.

No description available.

Este trabalho estuda a política nacional de Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) a partir da proposta de realizar uma outra antropologia das políticas públicas, que se aproxime do princípio de simetria. Inicialmente, alguns aspectos da APS e de como esta é constituída como modelo científico para os sistemas de saúde mundiais são revisados, bem como sua configuração atual no Sistema Único de Saúde, através da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) e do Programa de Agentes Comunitários. Analisa-se também a forma como conceitos de família e de comunidade estão presentes nestas políticas. A partir do estudo das redes de atuantes, no sentido de Latour, sugere-se que as diferenças criadas entre a ESF e outros modelos, que dividem o cuidado da saúde em terapias especializadas clínicas e cirúrgicas de um lado e o planejamento epidemiológico-sanitarista de outro, podem ser entendidos como uma postura diferente em relação ao acordo modernista. Para isso utilizam-se três aspectos principais observados em campo: a) a prática de cuidado mais individualizado de saúde, ou clínica; b) o trabalho com territórios e as identidades relacionadas com o processo de territorialização; c) a prática da atenção domiciliar. Ao mapear estas redes híbridas mobilizadas pelas equipes de saúde da família, e especialmente, através do estudo da postura do médico de família e comunidade nestas, demonstra-se como outras naturezas e sociedades são produzidos e reificados de forma a esclarecer diferenças que se evidenciam em comparação aos modelos biomédicos e sanitaristas. Mais do que uma abordagem que inclua aspectos sociais do processo saúde-doença ou simplesmente uma prática diferenciada, mais humanizada, da biomedicina, sugere-se que a proposta da APS tem realizado uma alteração mais profunda no cuidado à saúde através da mobilização de atuantes em coletivos diversos, abrindo espaço para outras formas de entender o que é saúde e doença, a partir de uma postura diferenciada perante a natureza e a cultura, o que ainda não parece ser um processo totalmente claro. Por fim, aprofunda-se o estudo da noção de competência cultural que é, dependendo da forma como entendemos os dois termos desta expressão, no mínimo discutível e necessita ser repensada assim como sua valoração secundária perante as outras características da APS. Este trabalho pretende contribuir para uma multiplicidade maior de formas de se pensar o cuidado à saúde em meio à diversidade, que possa ser utilizado tanto pelos profissionais da saúde quanto por antropólogos, aproximando estas áreas. / This work studies the brazilian primary health care policy (PHC) in the perspective of a certain way of an anthropology of policies going in the direction of Latourian’s concept of symmetry. First, some aspects of PHC and how it is constituted as a scientific model for worldwide health systems are revised. Its current configuration in brazilian health system as the Family Health Strategy (FHS) are also studied with particular attention to how concepts like family and community appear. I suggest that the differences between the models like FHS and the frequently di-cotomized model of biomedicine x collective health can be seen as a different position in relation to de modern constitution. To get to this conclusion I analyze the actants networks in three situations in the practice of a FH team: a) individual clinical care; b) the work with health territories; and, c) the home care. Doing so I try to demonstrate how other natures and societies are produced and reified, in a way of making clearer the differences between this model of health care and the others mentioned above. More than an approach that include a singular view of social aspects in the health-sick process care or more simply a more humanized practice, I suggest that the FHS are performing a much more complex alteration in health care by the mobilization of actants in many types of collectives, opening space for different ways of thinking health and sickness that derives from a specific posture before nature and culture, what is not actually totally clear. For last the auto-attributed notion of cultural competence are revised and questioned as the apparently lesser importance near other PHC caracteristcs. This work wants to contribute to higher multiplicity of ways of thinking the health care and its importance in presence of the human variety to be useful for health care professionals and anthropologists, approximating them.

Cette recherche doctorale vise à faire la lumière sur un paradoxe : alors que l'impact des différences culturelles sur les relations de travail est reconnu, la Gestion des Ressources Humaines n'utilise pas tous les leviers dont elle dispose pour aider ses managers à être performants dans les situations interculturelles. Notre travail s'appuie sur l'étude d'un cas unique, celui de Renault où 74 entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés dans une démarche qualitative. Les résultats mettent au jour une vision restrictive de la compétence interculturelle, qui assimile cette compétence à l'expatriation et à ceux qui l'ont vécue. Ces représentations ancrées dans l'histoire de l'internationalisation de l'entreprise influencent les pratiques de GRH et ne correspondent plus tout à fait à la réalité interculturelle de l'entreprise. En effet, notre étude révèle que, suivant la combinaison de ses dimensions, cette compétence donne lieu à une diversité de profils interculturels plus ou moins adaptés à des contextes interculturels variés. Notre contribution théorique consiste donc en une relecture du concept propre à nourrir des pratiques de GRH visant à améliorer l'adéquation entre besoins et ressources en compétences. Dans une logique nouvelle, nous proposons de renoncer à l'évaluation des compétences des individus et de concentrer l'analyse sur l'identification systématique des besoins. Notre contribution managériale porte sur la proposition de pratiques de GRH, dont des variables d'analyse de la complexité interculturelle des contextes. La relecture du concept de compétence interculturelle que nous défendons dans cette recherche peut être proposée à toute entreprise multinationale. / This doctoral research intends to understand a paradox: while the impact of cultural differences on business relationships are well known, the HR function does not equip the managers with the tools necessary to deal adequately with cross-cultural situations. This work is based on a case study conducted at Renault through 74 qualitative interviews. The results show a restrictive understanding of the intercultural competence (ICC) which is equated with expatriation, acquired "automatically," by those assigned to work overseas. It follows that the HR practices based on these beliefs, inherited from an era of rapid international expansion for Renault, no longer correspond to today's cross-cultural reality. Indeed, our findings suggest that, the ICC dimensions combine in multiple ways, resulting in managerial profiles which are more or less adapted according to the professional context. Our main theoretical contribution is the review of the concept of ICC, allowing the HR function to more effectively match competencies to the needs of a given situation. This new approach proposes abandoning individuals' competency assessment to concentrate on a systematic identification of the needs. Secondly, we aim to provide adapted practices for use within the HR function.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor arbetar i ett mångkulturellt samhälle och ställs införutmaningar i strävan efter ett fullvärdigt omvårdnadsarbete och en närhet irelationen med patienter. Kulturen präglar människor som varelser liksomrelationen mellan patient och sjuksköterska. En bristande kunskap om kulturensbetydelse och innebörd riskerar att ha inverkan på den omvårdnad som ges. Syfte:Att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att bedriva omvårdnadsarbete i detmångkulturella samhället. Metod: En litteraturstudie där tolv vetenskapligaartiklar med kvalitativ ansats valdes från databaserna CINAHL och PubMed.Studierna har granskats, analyserats och sammanställts med innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analys av studierna frambringade tre teman med tillhörande kategorier.Temat Attityder och egenskaper som bidrar till en kulturellt kompetentomvårdnad omfattar kategorierna Empati och ett respektfullt bemötande,Flexibilitet och Kulturell medvetenhet. Temat Behov av kunskap hossjuksköterskan i ett mångkulturellt samhälle rymmer kategorierna Identifiering avkunskapsbrist och Att tillgodogöra sig kunskap. Det tredje temat var Attöverkomma språkliga barriärer med kategorierna Kommunikationsstrategier ochAtt tolka. Konklusion: Enligt sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av att vårda patienterfrån minoritetskulturer framkom ett antal strategier de tillämpade i strävan efteratt ge fullgod omvårdnad. Ofta saknades gemensamma och övergripandestrategier samt kunskap om hur en kulturellt kompetent vård för bästa resultat börbedrivas. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde en kunskapsbrist och önskade en ökadmedvetenhet och kunskap inom kulturell kompetens genom utbildning i såvälgrundutbildningen som vidareutbildning via arbetsplatser.Nyckelord: Erfarenheter, Jämlik vård, Kulturell kompetens, Kulturellmedvetenhet, Omvårdnad, Sjuksköterskor, Utmaningar. / Background: Nurses working in a multicultural society are faced with challengesin the quest for satisfactory nursing care and closeness in the relation withpatients. Culture influences human beings as well as the relation between patientand nurse. An inadequate knowledge regarding the importance and meaning ofculture adventures the quality of the nursing care given. Aim: To illustrate nurses´experiences of caregiving in the multicultural society. Method: A literaturereview of articles with a qualitative design was conducted. Twelve studies,collected from PubMed and CINAHL, were scrutinized, analyzed andsummarized through content analysis. Results: Three themes with subcategoriesemerged through the analysis. The theme Attitudes and attributes that contributeto culturally competent care cover the subcategories Empathy and a respectfultreatment, Flexibility, and Cultural awareness. The theme Nurse’s requirementfor knowledge in the multicultural society cover the subcategories Identifying thelack of knowledge and Acquire knowledge. The third theme was To overcomelanguage barriers with the sub categories Communication strategies and Tointerpret/translate. Conclusion: According to nurses’ experiences of nursingcultural minorities, several strategies was used in the quest to for adequate care.There was often a gap in the mutual and general strategies as well as in theknowledge regarding how care should be given to achieve the best result. Nursesexpressed a lack of knowledge and desired increased awareness and insight in theconcept of cultural competence throughout education, both at university and in theworking place.Keywords: Challenges, Cultural Competence, Cultural awareness, Experiences,Nurses, Nursing.

No description available.

This thesis deals with cultural studies and their role in language lessons. It describes both the history of cultural studies teaching and contemporary tendencies in this field. A sample of textbooks of Czech for foreigners illustrates what kind of information in which quality is presented to the students of Czech language. The aim of this thesis is to find out how the cultural studies in the analysed textbooks meet the requirements imposed on them, which information are according to the authors important and relevant. At the same time the inadequacies and incompleteness should be shown.

In this thesis, we look into the level of knowledge of Czech phraseology of non-native speakers, namely Russian-speaking (Russophones). The objective is to investigate, using five case studies, what is the degree of knowledge of Czech phraseology, how the level of integration into the Czech society might influence their knowledge, or whether there may be any other relevant factors. By means of a semi-structured interview, these case studies describe respondents' language background which is later confronted with the research findings. In conclusion, results of the case studies are compared in order to identify tendencies and factors that might be significant for students when acquiring the idioms.

Kultur är något som i vardagen styr hur människor värderar, tänker, tror och tycker. Det påverkar också hur vi tar oss an ett visst problem och handskas med det. Funktionsvariation är något som existerar i hela värden men ändå är det så olikt hur vi människor väljer att bemöta det. När vår värld globaliseras allt mer bidrar detta till att fler och fler kulturer tvingas samexistera trots dessa spridda värderingar som kan förekomma. En internationell synvinkel var eftertraktat i uppsatsen och därför gjordes en komparativ litteraturstudie där nio vetenskapliga artiklar från fyra olika länder undersöktes. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur dessa fyra länder arbetar kultursensitivt. Teorin som valdes för att granska materialet var den postkoloniala teorin eftersom teorin belyser de maktstrukturer som existerar kulturellt efter postkolonialismen och hur detta påverkar människor än idag. Det resultat som gavs från artiklarna delas in i motiv till, utförande av och resultat från kulturkompetens. Det som samtliga artiklar trycker på är hur organisationerna måste rekrytera personal från olika kulturella bakgrunder samt kunna ge ut information på de språk som målgruppen talar. Resultatet belyser att även att socialarbetarna behöver reflektera kring både deras egen kultur och läsa in sig i hur andra kulturer normalt sätt ser på funktionsvariation. I diskussionen belyses de maktrelationer som det sociala arbetet bygger på och att det är viktigt för en person tillhörande en majoritetskultur att kritiskt kunna reflektera över sina egna värderingar i relation till en klient från en minoritetskultur. Behovet av att rekrytera personal från olika kulturella bakgrunder samt även kritik till kulturell kompetens lyfts upp. Slutsatsen genomsyras av om huruvida det är den kulturella kompetensen som endast är viktigast i arbetet med människor från olika kulturella bakgrunder eller om det riskerar att bidra till generalisering och stigmatisering av minoritetsgrupper. Istället betonas vikten av att det postkoloniala synsättet värderas högre då detta förser socialarbetaren med ett maktperspektiv som blir av vikt i arbetet med denna utsatta grupp. / Culture is something that in everyday life control people’s opinions, how they value, think and believe. It also affects how we deal with a problem and work with it. Different ability is something that exists in the whole world ​​but still it differs how people choose to respond to it. As our world becomes increasingly globalized, this contributes to more and more cultures being forced to coexist despite these scattered values ​​that may occur. An international perspective of cultural competence was the main interest, therefore a comparative literature study was made in which nine scientific articles from four different countries were examined. The purpose of the study was to investigate how these four countries work culturally sensitive. The theory chosen for examining the material was the postcolonial theory since the theory highlights the power structures that exist culturally after postcolonialism and how this still affects people today. The result given from the articles is divided into motives for, performance of and results from cultural competence. What all articles imprint is how the organizations must recruit staff from different cultural backgrounds and be able to publish information in the languages ​​that the target group speaks. The social workers also need to reflect on both their own culture and study how other cultures normally look at people with different abilities. The discussion sheds light on the power relations that social work is based on and that it’s important for a person belonging to a majority culture to critically reflect on their own values ​​in relation to a client from a minority culture. The need to recruit staff from various cultural backgrounds as well as criticism of cultural competence is highlighted. The conclusion is permeated by whether it’s the cultural competence that is the most important aspect in the work with people from different cultural backgrounds, or if it risks contributing to generalization and stigmatization of minority groups. Instead, it’s emphasized that the post-colonial approach is more valuable as this provides social workers with a power perspective that becomes important in the work with this vulnerable group.

<p>As of June 2020, there were nearly 71 million displaced persons worldwide fleeing their homes due to conflict and war (“Figures at a Glance,” UNHCR, 2020). One of the critical needs following displacement and subsequent resettlement is to address the immense psychological turmoil refugees may have endured. Despite the need for care, refugees often face barriers to accessing mental health care after resettlement, including inadequate translation services, poor provider cultural competence, and difficulty navigating services (Asgary & Segar, 2011). An important aspect in meeting the mental health needs of resettled refugees in the U.S. are the refugee resettlement agencies that help refugees rebuild their lives post-resettlement. Thus, this study focused on the mental health providers working with resettled refugees within refugee resettlement agencies. <a>Through the use of mixed methods, this study collected quantitative and qualitative data across three phases to 1) obtain a greater understanding of the available mental health services within refugee resettlement agencies, 2) examine cultural competence in mental health providers working within these agencies, and 3) identify the culturally competent strategies mental health providers use to improve access to mental health services in this context</a>. The results of this study, including an integration of the data across phases, and a discussion complete with 12 suggestions for mental health providers working with resettled refugees are presented. We hope the results and implications of this study will contribute to our understanding of, and subsequently address, the issues related to mental health service accessibility experienced by resettled refugees.</p>