Este trabalho analisa o pensamento e os projetos políticos de Stokely Carmichael, ativista e intelectual negro de origem caribenha engajado nos movimentos pelos Direitos Civis, Black Power e pan-africanista nos Estados Unidos e internacionalmente, entre os anos de 1966 e 1971. O objetivo é realizar uma leitura crítica das duas principais obras do ativista: o livro Black Power: The Politics of Liberation e a coletânea de discursos e artigos intitulada Stokely Speaks: From Black Power to Pan-Africanism publicadas, respectivamente, em 1967 e 1971. No decorrer dos anos, a trajetória transnacional do ativista indica mudanças importantes no que diz respeito à sua ação e às suas crenças. Portanto, acompanhamos através dos seus escritos não apenas suas proposições o seu projeto político como os fundamentos para essas transformações pessoais que informaram seu ativismo político. Nesse sentido, trata-se de analisar as distintas maneiras pelas quais as identidades nacional e negra foram expressas pelo militante. / This work analyzes Stokely Carmichael\'s thought and political projects between 1966 and 1971. Carmichael was an activist and black intellectual engaged in the Civil Rights, Black Power, and Pan-African movements in the United States and abroad. The goal is to engage in a critical reading of the two main works published by Carmichael: Black Power: The Politics of Liberation and a collection of his speeches and articles entitled Stokely Speaks: From Black Power to Pan- Africanism published, respectively, in 1967 and 1971. In the course of the years, the activist\'s trajectory reveals important changes regarding his actions and his beliefs. Therefore, we followed in his writings not only his propositions - i.e., his political project - but also the reasons behind these personal transformations which impacted his political activism. In this sense, this work also discussed the various ways through which national and black identities were expressed by the militant.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese com imagens.pdf: 4434476 bytes, checksum: 3031a31a9b49b9a3a1bcd5c8ed8c1593 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-04-06 / This work stars from a corpus of popular stories collected in the João Preguiçoso and Pedro Malasartes´s cycle chosen in the State of Bahia. It approaches the strength and consistent themes as the cunning and laziness which persists inside Brazilian culture. These themes follow principles identities that make them stronger. Not only looking forward contributing to studies of oral tradiction, describing the mechanisms of text production, but also more widely observing the Brazilian culture. The theorical basis of this thesis was built beginning by on one side in Paul Zumthor and Jerusa Pires Ferreira´s writings, and also cultural semiotics in Iuri Lotman. On the other hand, we also read cultural anthropologists works as in Roberto DaMatta, Georges Balandier´s and François Laplantine´s. Otherwise, it was based in cultural studies in Stuart Hall and Homi Bhabha also, elements of communication theories as in Muniz Sodré and Lucrécia D Aléssio Ferrara and others. This thesis is compounded by three issues: The lazyness and the cunning: myths and stereotypes in Brazilian culture . It makes a historical approach, presenting the very beginner texts and the stereotyped built in narratives from colonial times. They were related to utopic literature and also to the medieval imaginary brought to América. In the Oral and the mestice of races , cultural identities and identification ways that comes from the communication processes of popular literature (statements and stories), as expression of civilizatory destinations originaly based on mixed process, underlining afro-brasilian culture. In For a cunning hero tipology , it tracks a panoramic view of the more common cunning types, pointing out and characterizing the cunnings, the fools and also lazy ones, all from popular stories in their relations with others cultural texts, from cartoons to written literature. / Partindo de um corpus de contos populares do ciclo de João Pregui-çoso e de Pedro Malasartes, recolhidos no Estado da Bahia, abordam-se a força e a permanência dos temas malandragem e preguiça na cultura brasileira, acompanhando os princípios identitários que os fortalecem. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o estudo da tradição oral, descrevendo os mecanismos de produção do texto, e para uma compreensão mais ampla da cultura brasileira, o aporte teórico se constrói a partir da obra de Paul Zumthor e Jerusa Pires Ferreira e da semiótica da cultura de Iuri Lotman; com os trabalhos de antropologia cultural de Roberto DaMatta, Georges Balandier, François Laplantine, e ainda com os estudos culturais de Stuart Hall e Homi Bhabha e elementos da teoria da comunicação de Muniz Sodré e Lucrécia D Aléssio Ferrara, entre outros. A tese se compõe de três ensaios: Preguiça e malandragem: mitos e estereótipos na cultura brasileira faz uma abordagem histórica, apresentando os textos fundadores e as construções estereotipadas em relatos do período colonial, relacionando-os à literatura de utopia e ao imaginário medieval transposto para a América. Oralidade e mestiçagem discute identidades culturais e formas de identificação, a partir de processos comunicativos da literatura popular (depoimentos e contos), como expressão de rumos civilizatórios de base mestiça, enfatizando a cultura afro-brasileira. Por uma tipologia do herói malandro traça um panorama dos tipos malandros mais recorrentes, destacando e caracterizando malandros, bestas e preguiçosos, a partir dos contos populares em suas relações com outros textos de cultura, da história em quadrinhos à literatura escrita.

Essa pesquisa de mestrado tem como objetivo discutir as políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio cultural no Brasil, buscando analisar e compreender o impacto e as conseqüências dessas propostas nos discursos sobre representação e identidade cultural. O recorte da pesquisa (período compreendido entre o final dos anos 1970 e início dos anos 2000) optou por relacionar a análise dos projetos de preservação e renovação urbana da área da Luz - iniciados com o projeto do Escritório Rino Levi (1974) até o polêmico Programa MONUMENTA/ BID (1999- atual ) - às transformações econômicas e culturais sofridas pela sociedade brasileira, refletidas no contexto urbano e também globalizado, utilizando como justificativa a valorização da imagem da cidade, tendo o patrimônio cultural como seu objeto de valorização mercadológica. / This Master\'s degree research aims at discussing the public policies for preserving the cultural heritage in Brazil, in view of analyzing and understanding the impact as well as the consequences of these proposals in the discourse of cultural identity and representation. The scope of this research is from the late 1970s to the early 2000s, and it has chosen to relate the analysis of the projects of preservation and urban renovation in the area of Luz - started with the Rino Levi office\'s project (1974) until the polemic MONUMENTA/ BID program (1999 - present) - to the economic and cultural transformations that occurred in the Brazilian society, reflected both in the urban and globalized contexts. The valorization of the image of the city has been used as a justification, and the cultural heritage has been its object for market value.

Essa pesquisa de mestrado tem como objetivo discutir as políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio cultural no Brasil, buscando analisar e compreender o impacto e as conseqüências dessas propostas nos discursos sobre representação e identidade cultural. O recorte da pesquisa (período compreendido entre o final dos anos 1970 e início dos anos 2000) optou por relacionar a análise dos projetos de preservação e renovação urbana da área da Luz - iniciados com o projeto do Escritório Rino Levi (1974) até o polêmico Programa MONUMENTA/ BID (1999- atual ) - às transformações econômicas e culturais sofridas pela sociedade brasileira, refletidas no contexto urbano e também globalizado, utilizando como justificativa a valorização da imagem da cidade, tendo o patrimônio cultural como seu objeto de valorização mercadológica. / This Master\'s degree research aims at discussing the public policies for preserving the cultural heritage in Brazil, in view of analyzing and understanding the impact as well as the consequences of these proposals in the discourse of cultural identity and representation. The scope of this research is from the late 1970s to the early 2000s, and it has chosen to relate the analysis of the projects of preservation and urban renovation in the area of Luz - started with the Rino Levi office\'s project (1974) until the polemic MONUMENTA/ BID program (1999 - present) - to the economic and cultural transformations that occurred in the Brazilian society, reflected both in the urban and globalized contexts. The valorization of the image of the city has been used as a justification, and the cultural heritage has been its object for market value.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

À partir d’une approche socio-historique, la thèse propose une analyse des mécanismes de fabrication d’une politique du livre en Bretagne. En restituant les logiques sociales à l’œuvre dans le processus de naturalisation d’une politique publique de la culture, de la période de la Libération à la période actuelle, l’étude entend retracer les configurations successives de négociations et de luttes – entre les agents de l’Etat et les agents sociaux qui composent l’espace régional (notamment au sein des champs éditorial et politique) – pour le monopole de la définition d’une « identité régionale ». Dans cette perspective, « le livre » constitue un instrument légitime de production et de promotion de perceptions antagonistes de « la culture ». De sorte que le retour sur les conditions sociales et historiques d’émergence d’une catégorie d’intervention publique révèle les usages différenciés du « livre » et les enjeux politiques de « la culture », en les rapportant aux trajectoires individuelles et collectives des agents investis dans l’espace des mouvements sociaux bretons, en fonction d’une conjoncture nationale de prise de conscience régionale et de remise en cause de l’ordre symbolique établi. Il conduit par ailleurs à repérer le travail de représentation politique des institutions régionales consistant à homogénéiser une politique culturelle et le sens public qui en découle. De l’incorporation d’une indignité culturelle au renversement de l’ordonnancement légitime du monde social, l’histoire de la politique du livre en Bretagne met ainsi au jour les rapports de force engagés, avec et contre l’Etat, pour l’institutionnalisation de la région. / From a sociohistorical perspective, this thesis analyses the different developments that lead to the creation of a political identity through the use of the book in Brittany (France). By restoring the social logistics at work in the process of institutionalisation of a cultural policy, from the Liberation (1945) up to the present day, this study aims to retrace the path of the successive struggles – between State bodies and local bodies (particularly editors and politics) – in monopolizing the definition of a “regional identity”. In this regard, “the book” constitutes a legitimate instrument in the production and promotion of opposing views of “the culture”. Consequently, looking back on the social and historical conditions of the emergence of a public intervention highlights the different ways the book is used and also the political stakes of “the culture”. That must be put in parallel with both individual and collective paths of the bodies invested in the Breton social movements, which are taking place in a nationwide growth of a regional awareness and challenge of the established symbolic order. It is also necessary also to notice the work of the regional institutions in their political representation in order to homogenize a cultural policy and the public meaning that follows. From the acceptance of a cultural unworthiness to the overhauling of the legitimate order of the social field, the history of the book policy in Brittany highlights the power struggles engaged with and against the State for the institutionalisation of the region.

Dans les deux aires qui se présentent comme le Levant et le Couchant d’un même monde arabe – le Machrek et le Maghreb –, des poètes ont choisi la langue française pour réagir à certains événements de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle tels que la guerre d’Algérie, la guerre des Six Jours et la guerre civile du Liban. L’étude des recueils algériens et libanais qui ont été composés entre 1950 et 1990 permet d’envisager le rapport culturel, idéologique et esthétique de ces deux régions en adoptant une approche comparative différentielle. Le choix du français – dont les enjeux sont évidemment très différents dans ces deux aires – soulève des questions identitaires qui méritent d’être analysées et favorise l’expression d’un métissage culturel. Ce corpus poétique permet aussi de réexaminer les liens entre l’Histoire et l’intime, car l'événement, indissociable des problématiques collectives qu’il soulève, est réinterprété par la voix lyrique. Il ne se contente pas de créer une esthétique du chant redécouvert, ni d’offrir un éventail thématique à la mesure des drames qu’il entraîne. Il suscite surtout un parcours énonciatif, étroitement lié au travail du poème. À travers le lyrisme, l’événement historique ouvre la voie/-x de l’intime qui révèle les différentes strates du questionnement identitaire et lui donne une portée universelle. Le sujet n’est plus absorbé dans un collectif renforcé par les circonstances, il ne se définit plus uniquement à travers l’opposition dichotomique à l’altérité ; grâce à l’adresse lyrique, on assiste à l’avènement simultané d’un je et d’un tu qui, sans rien renier du conflit, en subsument les enjeux. / In both areas which stand for the East and the West of the same Arab world – Maghreb and Mashreq –, some poets have chosen the French language to react to certain events of the second half of the twentieth century, as the Algerian War, the Six Days War and the Lebanese Civil War. By studying Algerian and Lebanese collections of poetry written between 1950 and 1990, we can consider the cultural, ideological and esthetical relationship of these two areas adopting a differential comparative approach. The choice of French – whose issues are very different in both areas – raises questions of identity that must be analyzed and promotes the expression of a cultural mixture. Through this poetic corpus, we can reconsider the relationship between history and intimacy because the event, inseparable from collective issues, is reinterpreted by the lyric voice. Not only does it create a rediscovered aesthetic of singing nor only provides a thematic range representative of dramas it causes. It raises an enunciative course closely linked to the poetic process. Through lyricism, historical event opens the way to intimacy which reveals the different layers of questioning identity and gives it a universal dimension. The subject is no longer absorbed into a collective reinforced by the circumstances, it is no longer defined only through the dichotomous opposition to otherness; thanks to the lyrical address, we are witnessing the simultaneous advent of “I” and “you” that, without denying the conflict, subsume its issues.

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No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Maria Cristina Prado Fleury Magalhães - 2015.pdf: 4193201 bytes, checksum: a14a94d3777d752954b3294408a10aa8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation resulted from a research that aimed to investigate the rap produced in Goiânia, focusing on its hybrid origins in dialogue with regional cultural aspects, aiming to reach identity processes built through this practice. As street culture that includes in its four constitutive elements (DJ, MC, graffiti and break) different forms of expression (music, poetry, visual arts and dance), the hip hop stands as a movement that articulates four fields of artistic production, being able to communicate by different manifestations which are imbricated and share the same ideology. The union of two of the elements from hip hop movement (DJ and MC) compose the rap, musical style chosen as research subject. Since rap shows remaining features from several cultural practices that are imbricated in their configuration as expression that hybridizes, mainly, elements from Caribbean, Africa and North America, this work is supported by the following analisys categories: cutural identity set by Hall (2006), cultural hybridity, developed by García Canclini (2003) and by Burke (2003) and struggles for meaning, approached by Chartier (1990) and Bourdieu (2011). The present dissertation brings up, first, a history of the organization of the ghettos and the US Black movement, highlighting how genres of African-American music like soul and funk relate to this context and with the appearance of rap. Then it approaches the rap in its genesis, cultural matrices and constitutive elements, and its insertion in hip-hop culture. Afterward, it draws a brief history of the spread of rap through the music industry and hybridization processes resulting in different genre styles, including in Brazil. Then it addresses the arrival of rap in Goiânia, its historical trajectory and current scenario. Finally, it investigated (through rap music analysis on phonographic records and freestyle battles) the identity representations found in rap of Goiânia and of Aparecida de Goiânia, from the finding of hybridization of local elements and struggles for meaning in these musical practices. It was found that Goiânia rap groups elected stereotypical elements of the local culture as the viola, the catira dance and the accent to represent the Goiás identity in its compositions. The analysis revealed that the rap battles of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia stand as struggles for meaning in which groups are represented through symbolic disputes. This work also concluded that rap acts as a mediator of power representations experienced by young people living in peripheric regions of Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia. The representation elements are used to stake out and enhance the differences and boundaries between two neighbourhoods. However, in a broader view, the groups show similarities expressed by appreciation of the Goiás identity, by the declaration of Black pride and by the feeling of belonging to a marginalized urban territory and a socially excluded group. / A presente dissertação é resultado de pesquisa que tem como objetivo investigar o rap produzido em Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, focando sua natureza originalmente híbrida em diálogo com aspectos culturais regionais, com vistas a elucidar processos identitários construídos através dessa prática. Como cultura de rua que contempla em seus quatro elementos constitutivos (DJ, MC, grafite e break) variadas formas de expressão (música, poesia, artes visuais e dança), o hip-hop firma-se como um movimento articulador de quatro campos de produção artística, conseguindo comunicar-se por meio de diferentes manifestações que se encontram imbricadas e comungam de uma mesma ideologia. A união de dois dos elementos do movimento hip-hop (o DJ e o MC) constitui o rap, gênero musical eleito como objeto desta pesquisa. Dado que o rap apresenta características residuais de diversas práticas culturais que se imbricam em sua configuração enquanto expressão que hibrida, principalmente, elementos de matrizes caribenha, africana e norteamericana, a pesquisa apoia-se nas categorias de análise de identidade cultural definida por Hall (2006), hibridação cultural, trabalhada por García Canclini (2003) e por Burke (2003), e lutas de representação, abordada por Chartier (1990) e Bourdieu (2011), e levanta, primeiramente, um histórico da estruturação dos guetos e do movimento negro estadunidense, ressaltando como gêneros da música afro-americana como o soul e o funk se relacionam com esse contexto e com o surgimento do rap. Em seguida, aborda-se o rap em sua gênese, matrizes culturais e elementos constituintes, bem como sua inserção na cultura hip-hop. Adiante, traça-se uma breve trajetória da disseminação do rap por meio da indústria fonográfica e dos processos de hibridação que resultaram em diversos estilos de gênero, inclusive no Brasil. Em seguida, aborda-se a chegada do rap à capital goiana, sua trajetória histórica e cenário atual. Por fim, são investigadas (por meio de análise musical do rap em gravações fonográficas e batalhas de improviso) as representações identitárias presentes no rap de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia, a partir da verificação da existência de hibridações de elementos locais e de lutas de representação nessas práticas musicais. Verificou-se que grupos de rap de Goiânia elegeram elementos estereotipados da cultura local como a viola, a catira e o sotaque para representarem a identidade goiana em suas composições. As análises mostraram que as batalhas de rap de Goiânia e de Aparecida de Goiânia configuram-se como lutas de representação, em que grupos se fazem representar a partir de disputas simbólicas. Conclui-se ainda que o rap atua como mediador das representações de poder vivenciadas por jovens que habitam regiões periféricas de Goiânia e Aparecida de Goiânia. Os elementos de representação são utilizados para demarcar e reforçar as diferenças e fronteiras existentes entre um bairro e outro. Porém, em uma visão macro, os grupos revelam semelhanças expressas pela valorização da identidade goiana, pela proclamação do orgulho negro e pelo sentimento de pertencimento a um território urbano marginalizado e a um coletivo socialmente excluído.

Au début du XXIe siècle, l'usage de la locution «expression culturelle traditionnelle» s'est répandu à travers plusieurs forums internationaux. Bien que les expressions culturelles traditionnelles n'aient jamais été définies en droit international, deux instruments issus du système des Nations Unies, la Convention sur la protection et la promotion de la diversité des expressions culturelles et la Déclaration des Nations Unies sur les droits des peuples autochtones, les citent expressément. Cette thèse présente, en premier lieu, l'apparition et l'évolution en droit international de cette nouvelle notion. Elle propose ensuite de dégager les caractères des expressions culturelles traditionnelles pour comprendre ce qu'elles recouvrent. Cette étape permet de distinguer les expressions culturelles traditionnelles de notions voisines, comme celle de «savoirs traditionnels» ou encore comme celle de «patrimoine culturel immatériel», ce qui aboutit à s'interroger sur les enjeux juridiques qui leur sont liés et à aborder les questions soulevées par leur sauvegarde. Parmi ces questions, la plus prééminente consiste à s'interroger sur la forme juridique que devrait prendre le lien entre une expression culturelle traditionnelle et la communauté qui l'a créée et préservée. Dans cette perspective, deux approches émergent. La première considère les expressions culturelles traditionnelles comme un facteur de développement économique, tandis que la deuxième les envisage comme un outil de préservation des identités culturelles. La confrontation de ces deux approches montre le rôle relativement limitée des expressions culturelles traditionnelles en matière de développement économique. / At the beginning of the 21st century, the use of the term "traditional cultural expression" spread among several international forums. Although they have never been legally defined, traditional cultural expressions are mentioned by two instruments originating within the United Nations system: the UNESCO Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions (2005) and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (2007). This thesis presents how this notion emerged and evolved in international law. It also identifies the characteristics of this new legal concept to understand its meaning. This step allows to differentiate traditional cultural expressions from neighboring notions, such as "traditional knowledge" and "intangible cultural heritage." This leads to the study of legal issues relating to traditional cultural expressions and their safeguarding. Among these issues, the most paramount question is to ascertain the legal form that should be given to the link that binds a traditional cultural expression to the community that created and preserved it. In this view, two approaches appear. The first one considers traditional cultural expressions as a factor of economic development, whereas the second one contemplates them as a tool for the preservation of cultural identities. Confrontation of these two approaches demonstrate the limited role of traditional cultural expressions in the field of economic development.

Ce travail de thèse s'intègre dans le vaste débat de la néolithisation de la Grande-Bretagne et de l'Irlande (c. 4000 BC - 3500 BC). La question des liens entre les Îles Britanniques et le continent semblent aujourd'hui indéniables. Toutefois les modalités d'apparition et de développement du Néolithique sont, elles, encore mal connues. La présente étude porte sur l'analyse de la culture matérielle et plus particulièrement sur les productions céramiques, à partir d'un échantillonnage effectué à la fois en Grande-Bretagne, en Irlande, et sur le proche continent. Par ailleurs un pan analytique, jusqu'ici quelque peu délaissé dans les Îles Britanniques, a été mis à profit : l'étude technologique des productions céramiques. Deux interrogations majeures ont été formulées quant à l'arrivée et au développement des productions céramiques. La première concernait la détermination de styles de productions sur l'archipel et l'apparition d'identités culturelles liées à des traditions potières. La deuxième visait à identifier des aire(s) d'influences continentales à l'origine des productions de l'archipel. Les résultats obtenus, selon une approche multi-focale, tendent à illustrer deux grandes aires d'influences durant les premiers siècles du Néolithique (entre c. 4000 et 3700/3650 cal BC), d'une part sur la façade atlantique et l'ouest de la Manche, et d'autre part sur la façade de la Mer du Nord et l'est de la Manche. Ces grandes aires d'influences renseignent alors sur les modalités de néolithisation, vraisemblablement différentielles entre une façade occidentale et une façade orientale. Plus tard, les productions céramiques se régionalisent, développant des thèmes décoratifs pour certaines très élaborées (entre c. 3700/3650 et 3300/3200 cal BC) ; paradoxalement ces productions développent pour la plupart les mêmes codes stylistiques servant à les individualiser les unes des autres, mettant ainsi en exergue une nette accentuation des transferts de savoir-faire, à travers des réseaux d'échanges de plus en plus prégnants. / This Ph.D. thesis takes part to the vast debate of Mesolithic-Neolithic transition in Britain and Ireland. The bonds between the British Isles and the Near Continent are undeniable. Rather, the form(s) the transition took is (are) still to be understood. This work is an accurate analysis of material culture, more specifically pottery production ; sampling was made in order to address questions regarding Britain, Ireland and the Neat Continent. Moreover, a specific type of analysis, usually avoided in British studies, is here promoted : technological study of pottery production. This topic addressed the question of the determination of production styles as well as the appearing of cultural identities during that period. The second question that has been dealt with here is the continental areas of influence. The results obtained, following a multiscalar analysis, shed light on two wide areas during the first centuries of Neolithic (between c. 4000 and 3700/3650 cal BC), on the one hand on the Atlantic façade and western Channel and on the other hand on the North Sea façade and eastern Channel. These areas can thereafter inform on the transition modalities that, in all likelihood, are divergent from one area to the other. Later, pottery productions seem to find a regional basis, developing, for most of them, elaborate decorative patterns, probably used as a means of recognition. Interestingly, these productions seem to rely on the same stylistic codes that are used afterwards in the recognition process, highlighting the gradual emphasis on know-how transmission, through more and more significant exchange network.