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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Efeitos de fungicidas alternativos em folhas de Carthamus tinctorius L. (Asteraceae), potencial esp?cie para cultivo em agricultura familiar / Effects of alternative fungides on Carthamus tinctotius L. (Asteraceae), suggested crop for family farming

Sousa, Emanuel Ara?jo de Macedo 20 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T23:12:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanuelAraujoDeMacedoSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 4300944 bytes, checksum: 45df5c71087eabcb92c6fc65d23ec7ec (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-25T23:28:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanuelAraujoDeMacedoSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 4300944 bytes, checksum: 45df5c71087eabcb92c6fc65d23ec7ec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-25T23:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmanuelAraujoDeMacedoSousa_DISSERT.pdf: 4300944 bytes, checksum: 45df5c71087eabcb92c6fc65d23ec7ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O atual modelo de desenvolvimento predominante na sociedade global ? ditado por uma racionalidade econ?mica que p?e em risco meio ambiente e justi?a social. Cada vez mais se tem despertado para os riscos dessa forma de produ??o e consumo, impulsionando a busca pelo desenvolvimento sustent?vel, com uma racionalidade ambiental que concilie as atividades humanas com preserva??o da natureza e bem estar de todas as classes socioecon?micas. Um dos esfor?os nesse sentido ? a altera??o da matriz que atende ? demanda energ?tica, substituindo combust?veis f?sseis por fontes renov?veis e mais limpas, como os biocombust?veis. Carthamus tinctorius (c?rtamo) ? uma planta oleaginosa com potencial para produ??o de biodiesel, com bom rendimento e perfil qu?mico de ?leo aliados ? boa adapta??o a climas como o do semi?rido nordestino. Com fomento de pol?ticas p?blicas, o uso da esp?cie pode ser alternativa interessante ? agricultura familiar. Na agricultura em geral ? comum o uso de agrot?xicos para prevenir e combater doen?as e pragas, pr?tica n?o sustent?vel. Por isso, investiga-se o uso de subst?ncias alternativas menos danosas. Neste estudo objetivou-se avaliar se o extrato foliar de nim (Azadirachta indica) (20% m/v) e a calda bordalesa (sulfato de cobre) exercem efeitos na esp?cie do c?rtamo. Objetivou-se tamb?m verificar a aceitabilidade da cultura entre agricultores do munic?pio de Apodi-RN, tendo em vista situarem-se na regi?o-alvo para o cultivo da esp?cie, al?m da compreens?o de que seu conhecimento e disposi??o para adotar a cultura ? fundamental para a introdu??o da esp?cie e crescimento socioecon?mico associado ? sua explora??o. Al?m disso, foi elaborada uma cartilha informativa sobre o c?rtamo. No experimento em campo, os referidos fungicidas alternativos foram pulverizados em plantas cultivadas em parcelas experimentais, havendo coleta de folhas para an?lise de anatomia, cut?cula foliar e morfologia da cera epicuticular, camada protetora que faz a interface planta-ambiente. Em Apodi, 45 agricultores da Cooperativa Potiguar de Apicultura e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustent?vel (COOPAPI) passaram por entrevistas semiestruturadas, abordando tamb?m a avalia??o das esp?cies atualmente cultivadas e a percep??o do uso de agrot?xicos e alternativas sustent?veis. Ap?s compara??o por an?lise de vari?ncia, constatou-se que n?o houve diferen?a entre tratamentos no experimento, tamb?m n?o sendo observadas modifica??es anat?micas ou morfol?gicas. A aceita??o do c?rtamo entre agricultores foi ampla, com 84% dos entrevistados acreditando na perspectiva de lucratividade. O cen?rio atual, com pouca diversidade de culturas, fr?gil ante estiagens e pragas, pode explicar parcialmente essa opini?o. A cartilha elaborada foi bastante eficaz em chamar aten??o das pessoas para o potencial da esp?cie. Houve amplo reconhecimento da import?ncia dos defensivos alternativos, justificados pela seguran?a ? sa?de. Com base no aspecto avaliado nos resultados da pesquisa, os tratamentos podem ser recomendados para uso como fungicidas em c?rtamo. Com a suscetibilidade da cultura aos fungos em per?odo chuvoso, aconselha-se que sua potencial introdu??o na regi?o se concentre no semi?rido. / The currently main development model on global society is driven by an economic rationality that endangers the environment and social justice. More and more, attention to this way of production and consumption is increasing, boosting research for sustainable development, with an environmental rationality that can harmonize nature preservation and welfare of all socioeconomic classes. One of the efforts on this sense is changing the sources supplying the energy demand, replacing fossil fuels for renewable and cleaner sources, such as biofuels. Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) is an oilseed crop with potential for biodiesel production, with good oil yield and chemical profile, allied to good adaptation to climates such like the northeastern semiarid lands of Brazil. With public policies fomentation, the use of this species may be an interesting alternative for family farming. In farming in general, the use of pesticides to prevent and combat diseases and plagues is common, which is not a sustainable practice. Thus, there are researched alternative, less dangerous substances. In this study, it was aimed to assess if neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (20% m/v) and Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate) have effects on safflower. It was also aimed to verify acceptance of farmers on safflower crop in Apodi, a municipality in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, in view of it being localized in the aimed region for this crop cultivation. Besides that, understanding that the farmers? knowledge and inclination to adopt the crop is fundamental for the introduction of this species and socioeconomic growth due to its exploration. In addition, a booklet with basic information on safflower was produced. In the field experiment, the fungicides were pulverized on plants cultivated in field experimental plots, with collection of leaf samples for analysis on anatomy, cuticle, and epicuticular wax morphology, the protective layer that interfaces with the surrounding ambient. In Apodi, forty-five farmers from Potiguar Cooperative of Apiculture and Sustainable Rural Development (COOPAPI) underwent semi-structured interviews, which also addressed their assessment on currently cultivated crops and perception of pesticide uses and sustainable alternatives. After comparing using analysis of variance, it was found that there was no difference between treatments in the experiment, as well as no anatomical or morphological modifications. Safflower acceptation among farmers was wide, with 84% of interviewees believing in a perspective of good incomes. The current scenario, comprised of low crop diversity, fragile in face of droughts and plagues, can partially explain this opinion. The booklet was effective in catching people attention for the species potential. There was wide acknowledgement on the importance of alternative pesticides, justified by health security. Based on the assessed parameter in the results of this research, the treatments here utilized may be recommended as fungicides for safflower. Given the crop susceptibility to fungi in heavy rainy period, it is advised that its potential introduction on the region shall be focused on semiarid areas.

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