In modern society, cyberspace is interwoven into the daily lives of many. Cyberspace is increasingly redefining how people communicate as well as gain access to and share information. Technology has transformed the way the business world operates by introducing new ways of trading goods and services whilst bolstering traditional business methods. It has also altered the way nations govern. Thus individuals, organisations and nations are relying on this technology to perform significant functions. Alongside the positive innovations afforded by cyberspace, however, those who use it are exposed to a variety of risks. Cyberspace is beset by criminal activities such as cybercrime, fraud, identity theft to name but a few. Nonetheless, the negative impact of these cyber threats does not outweigh the advantages of cyberspace. In light of such threats, there is a call for all entities that reap the benefits of online services to institute cybersecurity. As such, cybersecurity is a necessity for individuals, organisations and nations alike. In practice, cybersecurity focuses on preventing and mitigating certain security risks that might compromise the security of relevant assets. For a long time, technology-centred measures have been deemed the most significant solution for mitigating such risks. However, after a legacy of unsuccessful technological efforts, it became clear that such solutions in isolation are insufficient to mitigate all cyber-related risks. This is mainly due to the role that humans play in the security process, that is, the human factor. In isolation, technology-centred measures tend to fail to counter the human factor because of the perception among many users that security measures are an obstacle and consequently a waste of time. This user perception can be credited to the perceived difficulty of the security measure, as well as apparent mistrust and misinterpretation of the measure. Hence, cybersecurity necessitates the development of a solution that encourages acceptable user behaviour in the reality of cyberspace. The cultivation of a cybersecurity culture is thus regarded as the best approach for addressing the human factors that weaken the cybersecurity chain. While the role of culture in pursuing cybersecurity is well appreciated, research focusing on defining and measuring cybersecurity culture is still in its infancy. Furthermore, studies have shown that there are no widely accepted key concepts that delimit a cybersecurity culture. However, the notion that such a culture is not well-delineated has not prevented national governments from pursuing a culture in which all citizens behave in a way that promotes cybersecurity. As a result, many countries now offer national cybersecurity campaigns to foster a culture of cybersecurity at a national level. South Africa is among the nations that have identified cultivating a culture of cybersecurity as a strategic priority. However, there is an apparent lack of a practical plan to cultivate such a cybersecurity culture in South Africa. Thus, this study sought firstly to confirm from the existing body of knowledge that cybersecurity culture is indeed ill-defined and, secondly, to delineate what constitutes a national cybersecurity culture. Finally, and primarily, it sought to devise a national strategy that would assist SA in fulfilling its objective of cultivating a culture of cybersecurity on a national level.

The goal of this Thesis is not only a plain description of common characteristics of Massive Multiplayer Online Games (their sorting and conditions on where they run are included), but also their integration to the wider phenomenon -- to cyberspace. Cyberspace reference is present in all recommendations and game specifics. Cyberspace is it`s base ingredient, the authority, to which all those parts are revoking to. And here it comes our second and main goal. The need of integration of players to that virtual world. To seek her desires, her true nature. That maybe done by describing various game devices and methods of connecting users of those devices to the cyberspace, let alone by expanding reader`s horizons to places, not known to her. All that is lead by one effort -- that the person, who will read that Thesis carefully, will be able to answer the question, if players get exactly what they need. And she`ll be able to do that before reading to the end.

The master's thesis Cybercrime is a reaction to the increasing number of criminal activity related to the virtual space. It's main aim is to provide an overall description of this issue. Firstly the thesis presents theoretical problems regarding the definition of cybercrime. Following is an overview of international legislation and policy in the Czech Republic, EU, and USA. Second part is about two specific types of cybercrime - cyberstalking and cyberbullying. Not only are both defined theoretically, their respective participants (perpetrators, victims) and prevention are also described. Lastly the behaviour of adolescents online from the point of view of forming relationships and divulging personal information is presented.

The aim of the tehesis is to describe the formation of collective intelligence in cyberspace and focus on its use on the example of computer games. The idea is based on the works of Pierre Lévy, who believes that in the digital revolution is the value of the picture one of the most important. In this process plays an equally important role to increase the value of ideas, narratives, social communities and the development of new media tools and technologies. Along with that, in addition to the internal space of videogames (story progression, social interaction, building of the gaming space, gaming subculture, roleplay), shapes even the space beyond the game itself (transmedia storytelling, produsage - fan sites, content sharing, discussion forums). Thesis will be listed by concepts of collective intelligence, the progress of social memory, cyberspace and will be also inspired by other authors who works with collective intelligence, like Henry Jenkins, James Surowiecki or Derrick de Kerckhove. It should also provide an opposite view of the problem based on the work of opponents, which is eg. Cory Doctorow. Strategies and the use of the collective intelligence will be described by using the example of the specific games.

1 Responsibility of States for Unlawful Acts in Cyberspace Abstract This master's thesis addresses the topic of responsibility of state for the unlawful acts in cyberspace. The research subject is the application of the legal norms and the possibility of the state being held responsible in the field of collective security and human rights in cyberspace. It discusses mainly the question of use of force, armed attack, and aggression. Regarding the human rights, this master's thesis focuses on right to private life and family life, freedom of expression and right to life. This thesis delimitates the rules of responsibility of state under the Articles on Responsibility of State for Unlawful acts. In the chosen fields it was found that the international public law applies in limited manner also to cyberspace. In cyberspace, many attacks take place, which may result in breach in different fields of international law. To answer the question of the state responsibility, it was firstly dealt with, whether the subject-matter of this breaches can be reached in cyberspace. Following the analysis of the contemporary case law and state positions, it was argued, that the responsibility for the breach of prohibition of use of force may be applied in cyberspace. This thesis uses terms of armed attack and aggression and also...

The aim of this thesis is to present the issue of copyright infringement in cyberspace. I choose it because it is very dynamic and actual topic, connected with modern technologies. Sometimes the legislator is not able to react on new technologies properly, they are just too fast. From that reason in several chapters i am focusing on important court decisions. The work itself is divided into 7 chapters. The first chapter describes the difference between the Internet and Cyberspace. Subsequently, I define the Cyberspace and divide it into individual parts, which are described in more detail. This will allow us to better understand the space in which we are moving and what are the differences from the real world . The second chapter focuses on legal protection of copyright. It is internally divided into three parts. In the first, I am describing historical development of copyright and important international treaties. Then I am focusing on copyright on the level of European Union. Finally, I deal with domestic legislation. I explain how copyright in Czech republic looks like, and how is protected as well as how the work of authorship is protected by the criminal law. The whole chapter ends with an analysis of case law about damages by the Supreme Court. The third chapter explores digital right management....

Orientador: Antonio Francisco Magnoni / Resumo: No cenário contemporâneo de ampla acessibilidade às mídias digitais e inúmeras ferramentas para o compartilhamento de informações, inclusive de reprodução, cópia ou mixagem de conteúdo, verificam-se riscos às relações sociais. Nota-se que, no cenário da literatura científica brasileira, as discussões acerca dos direitos autorais são raras e, em relação à elaboração de materiais didáticos, insuficientes. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação procurou investigar respostas para boas práticas de preservação dos direitos autorais em instituições que comumente publicam materiais didáticos para portais de educação online na presente pesquisa aplicada. Com fundamento em obras bibliográficas e legislação das últimas duas décadas sobre o tema e alicerçada no modelo de estudo de caso múltiplo, realizou-se a seleção de três instituições e adotou-se a triangulação dos dados com uma análise qualitativa interdisciplinar dos resultados obtidos. As análises indicam que, desde a publicação da Lei de Direitos Autorais Brasileira (1998b), houve uma apropriação de seus princípios teóricos pelas instituições pesquisadas, mas que, em relação à utilização de obra de artes visuais e audiovisuais, sobretudo, na prática, o processo de elaboração de materiais didáticos ainda pode evoluir em sistematização para minimizarem-se os riscos de violação dos direitos autorais. Como contributo do avanço da percorrida do tema, a pesquisa traz uma Política de Boas Práticas que elucida essas questões ainda em abert... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: There are risks to social relations in the contemporary scenario of wide accessibility to digital media and numerous tools for sharing information, including the reproduction, copying or mixing of content. The discussions about copyright are so rare in the context of Brazilian scientific literature and, in relation to the preparation of teaching materials, the discussions are insufficient. This study searched answers to good practices for the preservation of copyright in institutions that commonly publish teaching materials for online education portals through applied research about this. Three institutions were selected, literature and legislation of the last two decades about the theme was used as base. The study was based on the multiple case model. Data triangulation was adopted with an interdisciplinary qualitative analysis of the results. The analyzes indicate that, since the publication of the Brazilian Copyright Law in 1998, there was an appropriation of its theoretical principles by the researched institutions, but that, in relation to the use of visual and audiovisual art works, above all, in practice, the process of preparing teaching materials can still evolve into systematization to minimize the risk of copyright infringement. This research presents a Policy of Good Practices that elucidates some questions for professionals who work with distance education in digital media. / Mestre

The purpose of this thesis is to study the way the European Union and Sweden respectively frame the subject of cybersecurity, to see whether their framing differs and what consequences that may have. In order to study this, the thesis will study the cybersecurity strategies of the European Union and Sweden through a discourse analysis according to the Copenhagen school’s theory of securitization. The purpose is to see what the two actors define as the object that needs to be secured, what threatens said object and what measures should be taken to secure it. To study the cybersecurity strategies, data will be gathered from the European Union’s Cybersecurity Act of 2019 and Sweden’s six cybersecurity priorities, alongside other policy papers deemed relevant. The two points will then be compared in order to see how the framing align or contrast, to see what consequences that may bring.

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Cyberpropaganda and its Communication Models In this thesis, communication models representing the functioning of communication in a network of social interactions are analyzed. Understanding the communication of new media can contribute to understanding the processes that take place in cyberspace. The aim of this thesis is to decipher the forms of propaganda that operate in it. This work can contribute to the understanding of several forms of current social events, such as public relations, influencing public opinion or political struggle, which have significantly moved into cyberspace. The presentation of cyberspace and new media from several perspectives, together with the complex characterization of the communication that takes place in them, creates its overall image, in which the thesis reveals possible penetrations of propaganda tendencies of targeted manipulation with its members. In this thesis, cyberpropaganda is approached from several points of view. It is about updating propaganda models from the mass media to the emergence of new forms, techniques and tools that have enabled the new media. The starting point of this research is to clarify the complexity of communication, which is not shaped exclusively by its new technical aspects, but is to some extent a continuation of its previous...