School professionals are faced with addressing social behavioral concerns across multiple school settings with growing frequency. There is a need for efficient and effective methods to support students exhibiting challenging behavior. Tier -II interventions, such as Check-in/Check-out, can be implemented efficiently in schools with sufficient systems in place. However, these interventions are generally more effective for students whose problem behavior is more sensitive to adult attention. This study evaluated the effects of the Academic and Behavior Check-in/Check-out (ABC) intervention, a Tier-II intervention designed to provide additional support for students emitting behavior that is more sensitive to escape from academic tasks, relative to CICO using an ABAB reversal design. Functional assessment procedures corroborated that the behavior of three middle school students was in part motivated by escape from tasks. Implementation of ABC with all subjects resulted in improvements in academic engagement and reductions in problem behavior relative to CICO. Additionally, the ABC intervention was implemented with high fidelity and was rated favorably by stakeholders.

Wei, Lihua. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-196). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Submitted by FERNANDA DA SILVA VON PORSTER (fdsvporster@univates.br) on 2015-06-22T19:07:56Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GiseliBuffon.pdf: 4725052 bytes, checksum: c3af085ec8f1b2cd556aeb84b1e48fe9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Lisboa Monteiro (monteiro@univates.br) on 2015-06-25T20:14:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GiseliBuffon.pdf: 4725052 bytes, checksum: c3af085ec8f1b2cd556aeb84b1e48fe9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-25T20:14:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) 2015GiseliBuffon.pdf: 4725052 bytes, checksum: c3af085ec8f1b2cd556aeb84b1e48fe9 (MD5) / O arroz está entre os cultivos de maior importância, tanto no ponto de vista de consumo, quanto de geração de renda. O Brasil possui um papel de destaque na produção mundial de arroz, sendo o nono maior produtor mundial. Dentre as pragas que infestam a cultura de arroz, destaca-se o ácaro fitófago Schizotetranychus oryzae. Recentemente, este ácaro foi observado em lavouras de arroz do RS causando danos visíveis nas folhas e podendo acarretar danos econômicos. Para que isso não ocorra, as plantas precisam criar tolerância a esse estresse, o que está relacionado com a expressão coordenada de respostas de defesas após a infestação. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar proteínas diferencialmente expressas (PDE’s) em folhas de arroz após infestação do ácaro fitófago S. oryzae. Plantas de arroz foram crescidas em casas de vegetação e infestadas com os ácaros. As amostras foram submetidas à extração de proteínas e analisadas através da técnica de MudPIT (Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology). Foram identificadas 925 PDE’s. Aumentando a estringência, foram selecionadas 109 proteínas com no mínimo 10 contagens espectrais. Foi visto que o aparato fotossintético é drasticamente afetado pela presença do ácaro, principalmente o fotossistema II. Outras proteínas diferencialmente expressas evidenciam que as plantas de arroz alteram diversas rotas metabólicas, tentando resistir à infestação dos ácaros, como resposta a estresse oxidativo, síntese de ácido jasmônico, metabolismo de aminoácidos, carboidratos e lipídios, modificação e degradação proteica e fosfatases, o que leva à modulação de várias respostas celulares. O entendimento dos mecanismos moleculares envolvidos na interação do ácaro com a planta, através de técnicas de análise de expressão em nível proteico, pode contribuir para acelerar os processos de melhoramento da espécie cultivada. Nossos dados revelam várias proteínas promissoras para inúmeras abordagens biotecnológicas que buscam, futuramente, a tolerância do arroz ao ácaro S. oryzae e também a outros herbívoros. / Rice is one of the most important crops on both the point of view of consumption, as income generation. Brazil has a leading role in world production of rice, being the ninth largest producer world. Among the pests that infest rice culture, highlights the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus oryzae. Recently, this mite was observed in the RS rice fields causing visible damage to the leaves and economic damage. To avoid this, plants need to create tolerance to stress, which is related to the coordinated expression of defense responses after infestation. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEP's) in rice leaves after infestation of phytophagous mite S. oryzae. Rice plants were grown in greenhouses and infested with mites. Samples were subjected to protein extraction and analyzed by MudPIT technique (Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology). We identified 925 DEP's. Increasing the stringency, we identified 109 proteins with at least 10 spectral counts. It was seen that photosynthetic apparatus is dramatically affected by the mite presence, especially photosystem II. Other DEP´s demonstrate that rice plants modify several metabolic pathways, trying to resist to the mite infestation, including response to oxidative stress, jasmonic acid synthesis, amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, protein degradation and modification, and phosphatases, which lead to modulation of various cellular responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between rice plants and mite by expression analysis in protein levels can contribute to accelerate the improvement process of crop species. Our data revealed several promising proteins for numerous biotechnological approaches that seek the rice tolerance to the mite S. oryzae and also to other herbivores.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University / The problem of this thesis is to trace the development of American attitudes toward Russia from the closing phase of World War II to the point at which the fear of the imminent danger of Russian surprise attack was a basic part of this attitude. Although Americans generally had been negatively disposed toward Russia before the Second World War, during the first year of the alliance this attitude underwent a drastic change. Both governmental and public opinion by 1943 were overwhelmingly favorable toward the Soviet Union. Statements by government officials, articles by journalists, and public opinion polls indicated a genuine admiration for Russia and an expectation that future relations between the two countries would be characterized by mutual respect and co-operation. There was a sub-stratum of hostility and distrust in some quarters, but it represented a distinct minority. This optimism on the,part of the American people and their government continued into the closing phases of the war. Americans were willing to concede to Russia the territories she deman4ed and agreed that Russia should have friendly governments in the states of Eastern Europe. Under the terms of the Yalta Conference in early 1945, these "friendly governments" in Russia's western neighbors would be established by the occupying forces, would be representative of all democratic elements in the population, and would hold free elections as soon as possible [TRUNCATED]

The thesis focuses on the response of Venice province population to the rise of Fascism and to the regime’s attempts to fascistise Italian society. This thesis is developed around analysis of popular opinion and the way in which limited local consensus for the Fascist regime contributed to Fascism’s downfall. The thesis begins with a discussion of the Party, and to provides a clear picture of how ‘national’ and ‘local’ interacted alongside the establishment of the structures. The focus then shifts to the working class and the way it came to terms with the Fascist regime. The third chapter deals with two groups that provided a particular challenge to the regime’s totalitarian aspirations: Venetian Youth and the Catholic Church with its attempts to resist and to jeopardize the regime’s intention to monopolise every aspect of social life. The fourth chapter is a case-study of the Venetian Jewish community, of how the Race Laws affected the life of Venetian Jews. Lastly, the fifth chapter, by way of a conclusion, studies the ‘Fascist War’ (1940-1943) as a microcosm that explains for the local Venetian context how the lack of popular consent enhanced the regime’s inability to survive war-induced challenges.

The landscapes and material remains of the Holocaust survive in various forms as physical reminders of the suffering and persecution of this period in European history. However, whilst clearly defined historical narratives exist, many of the archaeological remnants of these sites remain ill-defined, unrecorded and even, in some cases, unlocated. Such a situation has arisen as a result of a number of political, social, ethical and religious factors which, coupled with the scale of the crimes, has often inhibited systematic search. This thesis will outline how a non-invasive archaeological methodology has been implemented at two case study sites, with such issues at its core, thus allowing them to be addressed in terms of their scientific and historical value, whilst acknowledging their commemorative and religious significance. In doing so, this thesis also demonstrates how a study of the physical remains of the Holocaust can reveal as much about the ever-changing cultural memory of these events as it can the surviving remnants of camps, execution sites and other features associated with this period. By demonstrating the diversity and complexity of Holocaust landscapes, a case is presented for a sub-discipline of Holocaust Archaeology.

Este trabalho apresenta a síntese, análise estrutural, e investigação da atividade catalítica frente a reações de oligomerização do etileno de cinco novos complexos de níquel contendo ligantes arilselenil-pirazol [NiBr2(N^Se)2]. Os compostos foram sintetizados através da reação de dois equivalentes dos respectivos ligantes com NiBr2(DME). Todos os complexos foram caracterizados por espectrometria de massas de alta resolução com ionização por electrospray, espectroscopia na região do infravermelho, análise elementar e difração de raios X em monocristal para Ni4. O composto Ni4·PhMe apresentou uma geometria octaédrica distorcida para o átomo de níquel central e comprovou a existência de ligações Ni-Se. Esta classe de catalisadores de NiII, quando ativados com metilaluminoxano (MAO), foram capazes de oligomerizar etileno com frequências de rotação (FRs) variando entre 6.200 e 109.200 (mol etileno).(mol Ni)−1. h−1, produzindo praticamente apenas butenos com boa seletividade para buteno-1 (83,4 - 94,1%). O ambiente de coordenação do NiII, através das variações no pirazol e no grupamento arilselenil demonstraram influência sobre a atividade e seletividade a buteno-1 dos sistemas estudados. O uso da razão [Al]/[Ni] = 400, a otimização do tempo (20 min) e temperatura (40 ºC) acarretaram em um aumento da atividade para o precursor catalítico Ni2 para 109.200 (mol etileno).(mol Ni)−1. h−1, com seletividade de 85,4% em massa para α-C4. / This work presents the synthesis, structural analysis, and studies of catalytic activity for oligomerization reactions of five new NiII complexes containing arylselenyl-pyrazole ligands [NiBr2(N^Se)2]. The compounds were prepared by reacting arylselenyl-pyrazole ligands with [NiBr2(DME)]. All Ni complexes were characterized by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. X-ray crystallographic analyses of Ni4·PhMe reveal octahedral environment for the nickel atom and the existence of selenium-nickel bonds. Upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO) all complexes showed good to excelent activitys in ethylene oligomerization [TOF = 6.2 – 109.2 × 103 (mol ethylene) (mol Ni)−1 h−1], producing mostly α-C4 (87.2 – 94.1 wt%) as the main product. The ligand environment regarding the substituents on the pyrazole and arylselenyl units, as well as the reaction parameters influence the catalytic activity and selectivity toward production of 1-butene. The use of [Al]/[Ni] molar ratio of 400 and the optimization of the reaction time (20 min) and temperature (40 °C) leads to an increase in the catalytic activity for Ni2 [TOF = 109.2 × 103 (mol ethylene).(mol Ni)−1.h−1] with good selectivity for α-C4 (85,4 wt%).

A insuficiência cardíaca é uma síndrome clínica com débito cardíaco insuficiente, que configura uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade. O sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA) tem um papel importante na fisiopatologia da IC, e sua estimulação crônica afeta negativamente o coração por meio da vasoconstrição, retenção de água e sódio, remodelamento cardíaco e fibrose miocárdica. A angiotensina II é um componente ativo do SRAA e sua ação é relevante para a função e estrutura cardiovascular, sendo mediada pelo receptor AT1R. O AT1R é um receptor acoplado à proteína G que medeia a maior parte das ações biológicas do SRAA, no qual a ativação desse receptor capta sinais extracelulares e ativa as vias de transdução de sinal no interior da célula. O AT1R é expresso na maioria dos tecidos e sua ativação pode ocasionar vasoconstrição, retenção de água e a proliferação das células do músculo liso, assim como hipertrofia cardíaca. Estudos realizados em pacientes com IC para avaliar a associação do polimorfismo 1166A>C (rs5186) no gene do receptor tipo 1 da angiotensina II (AGTR1) na insuficiência cardíaca obtiveram resultados conflitantes. Dessa forma, o presente estudo avaliou o polimorfismo 1166A>C no gene do AGTR1 na suscetibilidade e progressão da insuficiência cardíaca em uma coorte de 312 pacientes com IC e em uma amostra de 153 indivíduos da população em geral (doadores de banco de sangue). Os desfechos analisados foram o número de hospitalizações decorrentes da IC e morte por todas as causas. O polimorfismo foi determinado pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. As frequências alélicas e genotípicas do polimorfismo 1166A>C nos pacientes com IC foram semelhantes àquelas dos doadores de banco de sangue. Quanto à progressão da IC, não se observou qualquer diferença estatisticamente significativa na incidência da mortalidade por todas as causas entre os portadores de diferentes genótipos do polimorfismo 1166A>C. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa também quanto ao número de hospitalizações nos diferentes genótipos. Assim sendo, os dados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que o polimorfismo 1166A>C no gene AGTR1 não está associado com a IC ou com a sua progressão.

Urotensin II (UII) is a potent peptide hormone with a complex species and vessel-dependent vascular profile. UII and the homologous UII-related peptide (URP) bind to the g-protein coupled urotensin II receptor (UT) with high affinity. The peptide ligands and receptor have been detected in numerous human and rat tissues including heart, brain and kidney. The kidney is a major source of UII, which appears to act as both an endocrine and paracrine mediator of renal function. UII has been shown to influence renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and sodium handling in the renal tubules. More speculative actions of UII as a pro-fibrotic mediator include the activation of fibroblasts and promotion of collagen synthesis. Abnormally elevated UII, URP and UT expression has been highlighted in a number of cardio-renal disease states; particularly end stage renal disease, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy (DN). This work aims to investigate the role of the UII system in the development and progression of CKD using an experimental model of CKD in rodents. The first aim of the current work involved establishing the surgical 5/6th subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) model of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the laboratory and forming a profile of UII expression in late stage experimental CKD to complement UII clinical data which are exclusively from patients in the later stages of disease. UII/URP and UT were substantially over-expressed in the kidneys of SNx rats in late stage CKD. This novel insight complements the clinical profile of CKD/DN where over expression of the UII system is routinely reported. In a second study the 5/6th SNx rat model was used to explore the effects of chronic UT receptor antagonism on the progression of CKD. Although there were no discernible differences in kidney mass or histological profile between the treatment groups at the end of the study, there was a small delay in the development of albuminuria and in the onset of systolic blood pressure elevation in the UT antagonist treated cohort. The study did not produce clear-cut evidence defining the potential therapeutic value of UT-antagonism in the treatment of CKD. Despite this the results are encouraging and suggest that the role of UT-inhibition in CKD is worth considering further.

Situações estressantes provocam a ativação dos eixos hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HPA) e simpato-adrenal. A ativação destes sistemas leva a alterações comportamentais e periféricas que melhoram a habilidade do organismo para enfrentar a ameaça estressora e retornar à homeostase, aumentando, desta forma, a sua chance de sobrevivência. Dentre as alterações produzidas pela resposta ao estresse inclui-se a inibição da função reprodutiva, atribuída à ação central do hormônio liberador de corticotropina (CRH). Além da ativação dos eixos HPA e simpato-adrenal, os estímulos estressantes aumentam o nível de Angiotensina II (Ang II) central e periférico. Além das múltiplas funções bem conhecidas na regulação do equilíbrio hídrico e da pressão arterial, a Ang II exerce também um papel inibidor do comportamento sexual e é um importante estimulador do eixo HPA, por estimular a secreção do CRH. Neste trabalho foi testada a hipótese de que a inibição do comportamento sexual, produzida pelo estresse, ocorre via estimulação do eixo HPA, pela Ang II, na porção parvocelular do núcleo paraventricular hipotalâmico (PVN). Para tanto, o trabalho foi dividido em dois experimentos. O primeiro estudou o “Efeito da administração sistêmica crônica de Losartan sobre a inibição do comportamento de fêmeas, produzido pelo estresse agudo de contenção”, enquanto o segundo analisou o “Efeito da microinjeção de Losartan, na porção parvocelular do PVN, sobre a inibição do comportamento de fêmeas produzido pelo estresse agudo de contenção”. Foram utilizadas ratas Wistar adultas, com ciclos estrais regulares, divididas em quatro grupos, em cada experimento. A administração de Losartan se deu de forma sistêmica (na água de beber) ou local (microinjeção na porção parvocelular do PVN), conforme o experimento. O protocolo de estresse agudo utilizado foi o de contenção, o qual teve duração de 15 minutos. O registro do comportamento sexual, com a finalidade de analisar a receptividade sexual da fêmea, teve duração de 30 minutos. Imediatamente após tal registro, todos os animais foram decapitados para coleta de sangue e posterior dosagem hormonal de corticosterona. Os resultados mostraram que o estresse agudo por contenção, na noite do proestro, provoca uma redução significativa no quociente de lordose da fêmea e que esse efeito é prevenido pela administração de Losartan, na água de beber ou injetado localmente no PVN. Estes resultados indicam uma participação da Ang II na inibição do comportamento sexual produzida pelo estresse; esta ação ocorre por meio dos receptores AT1, na porção parvocelular do PVN. Este contexto sugere a possibilidade de que a inibição do comportamento sexual, provocada pelo estresse, não se dá por um efeito direto da Ang II sobre áreas moduladoras deste comportamento, e sim por meio do aumento da secreção de CRH, sabidamente um inibidor direto do comportamento sexual. / Stressful situations cause the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) and the sympathetic-adrenal axis. The activation of those systems leads to behavior and peripheral alterations that improve the ability of the organism to face the stressful threat and return to homeostasis, increasing, this way, the chances of survivor. Among the alterations produced by the answer to the stress it is included the reproductive function, given to the central action of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Beyond the activation of the HPA axis and the sympathetic-adrenal axis, the stressful stimulus increases the level of Angiotensin II (Ang II) central and peripheral. Besides the multiple well-known functions in the regulation of the water balance and blood pressure, the Ang II also performs an inhibitor role of the sexual behavior and is an important stimulator from HPA axis, for stimulating the CRH secretion. In this paper was tested the hypothesis that the inhibition of the sexual behavior, produced by the stress, happens by way of stimulation of the HPA axis, by the Ang II, in the parvocellular portion of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). For this, the paper has been divided into two experiments. The first studied the “Effect of the chronic systemic administration of Losartan about the inhibition on the behavior of females, produced by the acute restraint stress”, while the second one analyzed the “Effect of microinjection of Losartan in the parvocellular portion of the PVN, about the inhibition on the behavior of females produced by the acute restraint stress.” Wistar adults females rats were used, with regular estrous cycles, divided into four groups, in each experiment. Losartan was used in a systematic way (in their drinking water) or local (microinjection in the parvocellular portion of the PVN), according to the experiment. The protocol of acute stress used was restraint, in which lasted for 15 minutes. The sexual behavior registry, aimed to analyze the sexual acceptance of the female, lasted for 30 minutes. Right after the registry, all animals were beheaded to blood collection and afterwards the measurements of hormonal corticosterone. The outcome showed that the acute stress of restraint, in the night of the proestrus, causes a relevant decrease in the lordosis quotient of the female and that this effect is prevented by using Losartan, in the drinking water or injected in the PVN. These results imply a role of Ang II in the inhibition of the sexual behavior produced by the stress; this action happens by means of the AT1 receivers, in the parvocellular portion of the PVN. This context suggest the possibility that the inhibition of the sexual behavior, caused by the stress, isn’t due to a direct effect of Ang II about the modulating areas of this behavior, and yes by the increase of the CRH secretion, well-known direct inhibitor of sexual behavior.