Disertacijos tyrimo objektas yra juridinių asmenų valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės teisinis reguliavimas bei praktinis taikymas ir aiškinimas. Kadangi Lietuvos teisinei sistemai būdinga juridinių asmenų rūšių įvairovė, darbo apimtis nulėmė poreikį atsiriboti nuo skirtingoms juridinių asmenų rūšims būdingų specifinių valdymo organų narių teisinio statuso bei civilinės atsakomybės problemos aspektų ir koncentruotis tik į bendriausius jų bruožus. Tyrimo tikslai sąlygojo, kad didesnis dėmesys skiriamas juridiniams asmenims, užsiimantiems ūkine-komercine veikla, kadangi būtent šie teisės subjektai dažniausiai susiduria su juridinio asmens valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės problema. Visgi šiame darbe aptariami atsakomybės principai mutatis mutandis turėtų būti taikomi ir kita veikla užsiimančių juridinių asmenų valdymo organų nariams. Šiame darbe sistemiškai ir išsamiai išanalizuota juridinio asmens valdymo organų narių civilinės atsakomybės prigimtis, šios atsakomybės kilimo bei įgyvendinimo ypatumai, atskleistos aktualiausios šio instituto aiškinimo bei taikymo problemos ir, remiantis užsienio šalių patirtimi bei naujausiomis pasaulinėmis tendencijomis, pateikti teisiškai pagrįsti pasiūlymai ir rekomendacijos šioms problemoms efektyviai spręsti bei esamam teisiniam reguliavimui tobulinti. / The object of the dissertation is the legal regulation, practical application and interpretation of the civil liability of the members of management bodies of the legal entities. Whereas Lithuanian legal system is characterised by the variety of types of legal persons, the scope of the research determined the necessity to disassociate from the specific aspects of the problems of legal status and civil liability of the members of management bodies in respect of different types of legal persons and to concentrate only on common characteristics. The aims of the research determined that greater attention is paid to the legal entities engaged in economic-commercial activities, because they mostly face with the problems of civil liability of the members of management bodies. However, the principles discussed in this research should apply mutatis mutandis to the members of the management bodies of legal persons engaged in other activities. The thesis systematically and comprehensively analyses the nature of civil liability of the legal entity’s management body members, features of rise and realization of this liability, as well as reveals the most relevant interpretation and application problems of this legal institute and, on the basis of foreign experience and the latest global trends, provides legally-based suggestions and recommendations to effectively solve these problems and improve existing legal regulations.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

科技影響電視新聞產製流程，種種新科技的發明給電視新聞製作人員帶來了觀念、知識及技術上的衝擊不斷。台灣新聞台競爭激烈，為因應類比技術淘汰後數位技術的發展，民視、東森、大愛、年代、三立及TVBS都朝非線剪輯及無帶化發展，能將一支新聞完成帶同時提供二個以上的頻道使用，減少帶子播出的錯誤率。研究者曾為TVBS資深導播，長期親身參與新聞台數位化過程，記錄了導播知能與觀念的改變與因應方法，本文也期盼透過深度訪談各台新聞導播，探討新聞導播角色的三個面向： 1、 新聞產製流程最後一道關卡的導播，數位衝擊前後的角色與知能。 2、 數位衝擊的過程中在技術及觀念上如何回應。 3、 未來導播們該如何在心理和角色認知上做調整？並提出導播未來養成訓練的建議。 / Technology has impacted the procedure of news production. Various new innovations have also contributed to concepts, knowledge and continuous influence of TV news producing workers. As a result, it has been competitive in Taiwan news field. According to the development of the digital technology after eliminating analogy techniques, non-linear editing and tapeless production are the goals to be achieved for many companies, such as Formosa TV, ETTV, DaAi TV, Era TV, SetNews and TVBS. Offering one piece of edited news to two or more channels to broadcast reduces the mistakes. As a researcher, I had been a senior director in TVBS. Moreover, not only had I participated the digital procedure but also recorded the awareness of a director, the change of any concept and the methods of adjusting and solving the problems, Through the profound interviews with many directors of different TV companies, It is expected that I would like to discuss three aspects of a news director: 1. Being the last inspector of the news producing. the director’s characters and awareness shift after digital impact, 2. How does a director response to the techniques and the concept during the process of digital impact? 3. How do the directors adjust their roles in mind? There are some suggested solutions in the future program for directors-to-be.

By way of five microhistories focusing on the lives of Cecelia Davies Sylvester, Hannah Director, Leon Koerner, Harry Adaskin, and Nathan Nemetz, this study examines various modes of integration for Jews within particular periods of British Columbian (BC) history. Each microhistory explores the boundaries that were crossed and fostered by Jews whose careers and social contributions led them outside the confines of the established Jewish community. These Jews represent the vanguard of Jewish integration for each era to which they contributed.

This study of the establishment of heritage preservation in Sweden during the first half of the 20th century focuses upon Sigurd Curman (1879-1966), art historian, restoration architect and Director of Antiquities. Its purpose is to show how an older, more research-oriented form of heritage work grew to become a more socially-conscious vari­ant of cultural preservation. The period of establishment embraces organizational inquiries, government legisla­tion and institutionalization, and as Director of Antiquities between 1923 and 1946, Curman was a main actor. He had already become a key figure in debates on the official organization of preservation activities in Sweden well before this, whose early career dealt chiefly with the restoration of churches. Curman advocated the accentuation of aspects of cultural history. An opinion had been formed among cultural historians and museum curators against what they perceived as the obsolete manner of pursuing heritage efforts conducted by the Royal Swedish Acad­emy of Letters, History and Antiquities and its secretary, the Director of Antiquities, who was also head of Swe­den's main official museum, the Museum of History. Criticism was aimed at all aspects of official heritage preservation efforts, including legislation, restoration policy, the care of ancient ruins and treatment of finds, as well as the lack of understanding on the behalf of the central authority for local and regional interests. The latter referred to the emotive aspects of heritage preservation, which in contemporary verbiage was summarized by the term "piety". The central authority was accussed of not understanding "popular" heritage preservation outside the context of the museum and of displaying a lack of piety toward "the cultural memory of the Fatherland". These feelings were based primarily on two prerequisites: an established perception of a homogeneous national culture with ancient roots in the past, and an apprehension that it was in the interests of society that the government become responsible for the administration of this material cultural heritage. This ambition can be summarized by the term "preservation of cultural heritage" and its foremost exponent was Sigurd Curman. The dissertation fol­lows Curman from his childhood in a wealthy Stockholm family, to his early career in restoration and as lecturer in architectural history at the College of Art. In 1912, Curman was appointed to the first chair in these fields estab­lished at the College, which he held until 1918 when he became advisor in the cultural history of architecture at the new Royal Swedish Board of Public Building. When appointed Director of Antiquities he began concretizing the official organization of heritage preservation. During the 1910s he participated in a comprehensive, dual inquiry into the organization and legislation of the government's heritage preservation policy. When its final report was presented in 1922 it was tabled, but still acted as the basis for Curman's continued efforts. He created a modem bureaucracy out of the council of the Department of Antiquities and contributed to moving the central authority from the ground floor of the National Museum to its own premises in midtown Stockholm. Curman would also work to improve legislation to protect cultural monuments and developed museum activities by creat­ing a countrywide organization of county antiquarians and regional museums. When Sweden's new antiquities law was passed by parliament in 1942, Curman had not only led the inquiry leading up to it, but had formulated the draft of the legislation himself. By the time of his retirement in 1946 he was a legend in antiquarian circles, the very personification of Swedish cultural heritage preservation. The present dissertation shows how Curman achieved this status, though it also details the efforts of numerous other actors participating in the process and sees Curman as a bureaucrat who realized demands for a renewal of heritage preservation in the country. / digitalisering@umu

關係人交易向為我國上市公司常見之交易型態，關係人交易雖具內部交易利益，但交易對象存在特殊關係有助於「利益輸送」或「盈餘操縱」之操作，故有論者認為關係人交易乃控制股東侵佔其他股東財富之重要工具。而台灣獨特的家族型企業結構及其所衍生的不健全公司治理架構，可能是近年來我國資本市場關係人交易弊案頻傳的主因。 台灣證券交易所於2002年2月22日起，要求首次申請上市公司至少須設置二席獨立董事及一席獨立監察人，企望藉此改善上市公司之內部治理架構。儘管過去研究顯示，董事會獨立性是董事會功能能否發揮之重要因素，然各界對此制度仍有所疑慮。因此，本研究以多元迴歸分析及單變量檢定，探討獨立董監制度及關係人交易之關係，分析獨立董監制度對上市公司之實質效益。實證結論如下： 1.相較於未引進獨立董監制度公司，引進獨立董監制度公司在關係人進貨、關係人應付融資及關係人其他支出等可能具有內部利益之關係人交易型態，關係人交易比率較高，而這可能也是獨立董監制度積極監督之正面效應。 2.相對於未引進獨立董監制度公司，自願及非自願引進公司之關係人應收融資比率較高，代表獨立董事、獨立監察人對內部利益明顯的關係人應付融資交易，能扮演著積極推動並消弭歧見的角色。 3.相較於非自願引進獨立董監制度公司，自願引進公司具有較低之關係人背書保證比率。顯示自願引進公司藉獨立董監之監督，能有效減少不利公司績效之關係人背書保證交易。 4.適用獨立董監條款之新上市公司上市後第二年度關係人銷貨及關係人應收融資顯著低於上市前第二年度之水準，代表獨立董監制度的實質監督效果可能須經兩年以上時間才得以顯現。 基於上述結論，本研究對我國獨立董監制度提出下列建議：一、擴大獨立董監制度之適用範圍；二、考慮獨立董監實質效益之顯現時程，對其任期加以規範；三、積極建構完善的市場機制，迫使控制股東自發地強化公司治理機制。 / The related-party transaction is the general transaction mode in Taiwan. Although the related-party transaction brings internal transaction profit, the clients with special relationship could help earnings management or the interest conveyance so the related-party transaction is considered as the significant tool to keep the shareholders from invading other’s fortune. Besides, the malady of the related-party transaction happened frequently in the capital market in Taiwan, and this condition could be refer to the unique structure and the unsound governmence of the companies run by the family members. Taiwan Stock Exchange Corporation(TSEC) claimed the qualification for the first time to apply to be the listed company that from Feb. 22, 2002, there should be at least two independent directors and one independent supervisor. By this way, TSEC hope to make an improvement on the governmance of the listed companies. The former research shows that the characteristic of independent directorate is the leading factor to decide if the directorate could be into full play, but we still doubt for this system. Therefore, this research adopts the Multiple Regression Analysis, T-test and Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test to illustrate the relations between the system of independent directors and supervisors and the related-party transaction, and to analyze the real effect which the system of independent directors and supervisors makes on the listed companies. The results are as follows, 1. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies with the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of related-party transaction because the related- party have the internal transaction profit on merchandise, payables and other expenses. This condition could express that the system makes the positive effect on supervising. 2. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily or involuntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess higher ratio of the payables. This situation means that the independent directors and independent supervisors play the significant role on promoting the transactions and eliminating the diversities when the related-parties make payables transaction. 3. Compared with the companies without the system of independent directors and supervisors, the companies voluntarily using the system of independent directors and supervisors possess the lower ratio of the assurance of related- party. This condition illustrates that the system of independent directors and supervisors could reduce the adverse transaction of assurance. 4. The second year of the IPO companies which adopt the system of independent directors and supervisors have lower related-party sales and payables than before being listed companies in their second year. This fact tells us the real effect might take more than two years to carry out. In conclusion, this research offers the suggestions of the systems of independent directors and supervisors in Taiwan as below. First, the qualification of the system of independent directors and supervisors should be broadened. Second, the terms of the directors and supervisors should be made the reasonable consideration because the real effect might take time to carry out. Finally, the market mechanism should be more complete to force the blockholder to enhance the governmace of the company.

本研究旨在探討幼托機構園(所)長領導取向知覺及其相關因素。本研究採問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，問卷調查對象以國內北中南東四區的公私立幼稚園、托兒所共計3242位園(所)長為母群體，採分層隨機抽樣的方式進行抽樣，共發出653份問卷，回收328份有效問卷(回收率50%)。研究工具乃參考Bolman&Deal(1991)所編製的「領導取向量表」(Leadership Orientation Scale)以及鄭燕祥(1994)的「校長領導五度向量表」，經題意修正及預試的過程後所發展成適用於國內的「幼托機構園(所)長領導取向量表」。問卷回收後以SPSS10.0套裝軟體進行資料分析。資料分析方法主要採描述性統計、信度分析、因素分析、t考驗、單因子變異數分析、薛費及LSD多重比較法作維資料處理的方法。本研究之主要發現如下： 一、幼托機構園(所)長知覺自身的領導取向包含「教育與人際領導」、「結構領導」與「政治領導」。 二、幼托機構園(所)長知覺領導取向整體表現良好，其中以「教育與人際領導」最高，其次是「結構領導」，而以「政治領導」表現最低。 三、在不同背景變項中，「年齡」、「擔任主管年資」、「園所性質」、「園所規模」對於幼托機構園(所)長領導取向有顯著差異；「性別」、「擔任教師年資」、「園所所處地區」、「園所成立時間」對於幼托機構園(所)長知覺領導取向則無顯著差異。 最後依據本研究結果分析與結論，對於幼托機構園(所)長、幼教師資培育機構、幼教行政機關與後續研究者提出具體建議以茲參考。 關鍵字：幼稚園、園所長、幼教領導、領導取向

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Esta dissertação descreve e analisa a situação planejada com a atual, em conformidade ao estilo de projeto do empreendimento habitacional de interesse social (Gleba 9), nomeado Vitória Brasil, no bairro Shopping Park II , localizado no setor sul de Uberlândia (MG), construído com recursos do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV). Os objetivos específicos são: apresentar a política habitacional de interesse social direcionada ao Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida no município de Uberlândia, desde o seu histórico até as suas atuais informações; traçar a caracterização geoambiental do conjunto habitacional Vitória Brasil por meio da elaboração de mapas temáticos; identificar os impactos gerados pelos empreendimentos habitacionais de interesse social; e mostrar através de entrevistas com 25 moradores do Vitória Brasil, os problemas estruturais das casas. Diante disso, a pesquisa tornou-se qualiquantitativa com a abordagem descritiva e uso da entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta de dados. Além disso, as fontes iconográficas, ou seja, fotografias dos problemas apontados pelos moradores do conjunto Vitória Brasil e os mapas da área de estudo, possibilitaram ampliar o caráter qualitativo e dialógico deste estudo, pois há oportunidade de contextualizar de maneira específica o que foi relatado pelos moradores entrevistados. Pudemos entender que a cidade está intrinsecamente relacionada à concepção de aglomeração, caracterizada pelo sistema produtivo do capitalismo de mercado possuidor de uma administração pública que se orienta pelos ideários de consumo e valorização de espaços, cujos moradores são de classe alta, com a construção de equipamentos e serviços sociais adequados. Um dos vieses importantes para a resolução dos problemas da urbanização se dá pela intervenção do poder público por meio das políticas públicas através do plano diretor, de modo que possibilitassem perspectivas de viabilizar à população de baixa renda, moradias em localidades que ofereçam condições de habitação e urbanização dignas. / This work describes and analyzes the situation planned with the current, according to the housing development project style of social interest (Gleba 9), named Victory Brazil at Shopping Park II neighborhood, located in the southern sector of Uberlândia (MG), built with Program resources Minha Casa, Minha Vida (PMCMV). The specific objectives are: to present the housing policy of social interest directed to the Minha Casa, Minha Vida in the city of Uberlândia, from its history to its current information; trace the environmental characterization of the housing Vitoria Brazil through the development of thematic maps; identify the impacts generated by the housing projects of social interest; and show through interviews with 25 residents of Vitoria Brazil, the structural problems of the houses. Therefore, the research became quali-quantitative with descriptive approach and use of semi- structured interviews to collect data. In addition, the iconographic sources, ie photographs of the problems raised by the residents of the whole Victory Brazil and maps of the study area, enlarged the qualitative and dialogic nature of this study, as there is opportunity to contextualize specific way what was reported the residents interviewed. We understand that the city is intrinsically related to the design of agglomeration, characterized by the production of the possessor market capitalism a public administration system that is guided by the ideals of consumption and utilization of space, and its inhabitants are high class with the construction of equipment and adequate social services. One of the important biases to solving the problems of urbanization is by the intervention of the government through public policies through the master plan so that would allow prospects to enable the population of low-income housing in locations that offer housing and decent urbanization conditions. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2018-02-23T18:58:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FATIMARAMALHO.pdf: 3238217 bytes, checksum: a5152dbf8c4bdfc696e478e211fe944a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T18:58:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FATIMARAMALHO.pdf: 3238217 bytes, checksum: a5152dbf8c4bdfc696e478e211fe944a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation presents discussions about the role of the School Director as a training agent, highlighting the reflection on his duties, competencies and functions with emphasis on pedagogical and training aspects. The vision of the role of the School Director, although multiple, cannot be understood as multifaceted, but permeated by interrelated and complementary actions that indicate pedagogical leadership. We consider the convergent importance of the dimension of the director's work, even if we think of the ideal formation for the real, we have to keep in mind that the ideal is the real reality and we cannot limit ourselves to the ranks and vices of pragmatism and authoritarianism. Demands announce the arrival of new educational paradigms and the incessant search for quality teaching. Although we understand the various demands arising from the position, we consider the pedagogical and leadership presence in the Director's role to be fundamental, especially in the continued formation of the teacher, as a complex and propulsive movement for the exchange of experiences and formative trajectories of the subjects that coexist in the daily school life and, Besides him, subjects that are protagonists in the student formation movement. Thus, for the deepening and amplification of these questions, we conducted a review of the literature, which had as main authors: Aguiar (2011); Certeau (2009); Franco (2003); Freire (1997; 2001; 2008); Gadotti (2005); Libâneo (2001; 2004; 2005; 2011); Luck (2006; 2009); Morin (2015); Nóvoa (1992); Paro (2002; 2015); Penin (2001); Pimenta (2005; 2011); Saviani (2008); Veiga (2007) and Zabala (2001). We also carried out a documentary analysis of the period 1989 to 2015, from the Municipal Department of Education of Sao Paulo, and a field study that involved, as subjects, School Directors, Coordinators and Teachers to apply a questionnaire (for outlining the profile) And conducting in-depth interviews on the Director's performance, his/her facilities and/or difficulties regarding the fulfillment of pedagogical demands. For the organization, application of the instruments of data collection and for the analyzes we use as references Franco (2003); Minayo (2001) and Szymanski (2010). The results point out the numerous demands attributed to this subject, as well as the fragility in terms of theoretical contribution, so that it can develop formative actions in schools, as well as perceive that the Own system characterizes it as preposition. We consider important the possibility of the opening of an agenda by the central and intermediate bodies, emerging the debate around the functions of the School Director, resizing his pedagogical doing. / A presente Dissertação apresenta discussões em torno do papel do Diretor Escolar enquanto agente de formação, evidenciando a reflexão sobre as suas atribuições, competências e funções com ênfase nos aspectos pedagógicos e formativos. A visão da função do Diretor de Escola, apesar de múltipla, não pode ser compreendida como multifacetada, mas permeada por ações inter-relacionadas e complementares que indicam uma liderança pedagógica. Consideramos a importância convergente da dimensão do fazer do Diretor, ainda que pensemos na formação ideal para a real, temos que ter em mente que o ideal é o real concretizado e não podemos nos limitar aos ranços e vícios do pragmatismo e autoritarismo, pois as novas demandas anunciam a chegada de novos paradigmas educacionais e a busca incessante pela qualidade de ensino. Apesar de compreendermos as diversas demandas advindas do cargo, consideramos fundamental a presença pedagógica e de liderança no fazer do Diretor, especialmente na formação continuada do professor, enquanto movimento complexo e propulsor de trocas de experiências e trajetórias formativas dos sujeitos que coexistem no cotidiano escolar e, para além dele, sujeitos esses que são protagonistas no movimento de formação discente. Assim, para o aprofundamento e ampliação destas questões, realizamos uma revisão da literatura, que teve como autores principais: Aguiar (2011); Certeau (2009); Franco (2003); Freire (1997; 2001; 2008); Gadotti (2005); Libâneo (2001; 2004; 2005; 2011); Luck (2006; 2009); Morin (2015); Nóvoa (1992); Paro (2002; 2015); Penin (2001); Pimenta (2005; 2011); Saviani (2008); Veiga (2007) e Zabala (2001). Realizamos, também, análise documental do período 1989 a 2015, da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo, e um estudo de campo que envolveu, como sujeitos, Diretores de Escolas, Coordenadores e Professores para a aplicação de um questionário (para delineamento do perfil) e realização de entrevistas de aprofundamento sobre a atuação do Diretor, suas facilidades e/ou dificuldades em relação ao atendimento das demandas pedagógicas. Para a organização, aplicação dos instrumentos de coleta de dados e para as análises utilizamos como referências Franco (2003); Minayo (2001) e Szymanski (2010). Os resultados apontam, como aspectos dificultadores da ação do Diretor de Escola, as inúmeras demandas atribuídas a este sujeito, bem como a fragilidade em termos de aporte teórico, para que o mesmo possa desenvolver ações de cunho formativo nas escolas, além de percebermos que o próprio sistema o caracteriza como preposto. Consideramos importante a possibilidade da abertura de uma agenda pelos órgãos centrais e intermediários, emergindo o debate em torno das funções do Diretor de Escola, redimensionando seu fazer pedagógico.

Diploma thesis deals with the management of pre-primary education in 2007-2017 by the eyes of nursery school directors. The thesis describes the management, the role of the headmaster of the kindergarten, basic school legislation of the Czech Republic, key words - management, nursery school director, MEYS legislation, competences of the nursery school director, educational policy. The practical part focused on research into changes in legislation from 2007-2017 by the eyes of nursery school directors and on management in pre-primary education for 10 years from the perspective of nursery school directors. KEYWORDS Career order, Competencies of the Director kindergartens, Director of kindergarten, MŠMT Education Act, management