Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T14:10:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-03-14T14:42:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685750.pdf: 67781 bytes, checksum: 3c54d1cb16730767c0361aa0d3ec3549 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-07-28T12:36:26Z: 000685750_20161231.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-07-28T12:37:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685750.pdf: 55765135 bytes, checksum: 4bf6c4444b278ebc053c3f7c0ff2844b (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2017-08-07T14:09:17Z: 000685750.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2017-08-07T14:10:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685750.pdf: 55765135 bytes, checksum: 4bf6c4444b278ebc053c3f7c0ff2844b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mariano_mco_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf: 61686 bytes, checksum: 85be7b5b66db2f567cf2e052286f85d3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-02-09T14:35:41Z: mariano_mco_me_sjrp_parcial.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-02-09T14:36:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685750_20161231.pdf: 1506390 bytes, checksum: 5a7c60850c69475431d99fde8a4b98d6 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-02-09T17:15:04Z: 000685750_20161231.pdf,Bitstream added on 2015-02-09T17:15:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000685750_20161231.pdf: 1506390 bytes, checksum: 5a7c60850c69475431d99fde8a4b98d6 (MD5) / Item merged in doublecheck by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-07-26T12:49:03Z Item was identical to item(s): 149682, 98273 at handle(s): http://hdl.handle.net/11449/149233, http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99137 / Os atentados de 11 de setembro originaram diversas manifestações artísticas buscando não apenas explicações para a tragédia, mas também tentando repensar os acontecimentos. Neste sentido, esta pesquisa apresenta uma investigação a respeito da maneira como um romance e um documentário se apropriaram desse episódio para reavaliá-lo. Com os ataques, os Estados Unidos experimentaram uma forte sensação de vulnerabilidade, desencadeando reações do governo americano, que formulou com bastante rapidez uma nova doutrina de segurança nacional, baseada no combate ao terrorismo. Esta dissertação analisa as estratégias narrativas utilizadas pelo autor americano Don DeLillo no romance Falling Man (2007), e pelo cineasta Michael Moore, no documentário Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004), e como eles abordam fatores históricos, socioeconômicos e políticos que desencadearam a tragédia, a fim de reexaminá-la. Textos teóricos e críticos sobre a relação entre Literatura e História, ficção Pós-Moderna, aspectos do documentário e questões sobre terrorismo fundamentam as discussões apresentadas no trabalho. Este estudo objetiva ampliar os questionamentos acerca dos fatos que levaram à catástrofe e suas consequências, examinando personagens e grupos ligados ao 11 de setembro, revelando múltiplas verdades, condicionadas social, ideológica e historicamente / September 11 has originated a wide range of artistic manifestations which have not only searched for plausible explanations for the tragedy, but also tried to review the events. In this sense, this thesis aims at showing how a novel and a documentary reevaluate this episode. The attacks made the United States experience a strong sense of vulnerability, triggering reactions from the American government, who quickly established a new national security strategy, associated with the war on terror. This thesis analyzes the narrative strategies employed by the American author Don DeLillo in his novel Falling Man (2007) and by the filmmaker Michael Moore in the documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004), as well as the way they approach socioeconomic and political factors that caused the tragedy in order to reevaluate it. The debate of the topics is based on texts concerning the relationship between literature and history, postmodern fiction, documentary aspects and issues on terrorism. This study contributes to enrich the discussion related to the events that led to the catastrophe and its aftermath, examining characters and groups linked to the September 11 terrorist attacks, revealing multiple truths subjected to social, ideological and historical conditions

Orientador: Carlos Eduardo Ornelas Berriel / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T22:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WitezeJunior_Geraldo_M.pdf: 905275 bytes, checksum: b3695ea6baf8a1fc1789c9c7a4e9cf06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as relações entre a utopia e o romance "Dom Quixote". Mais especificamente a hipótese testada é a de que o governo de Sancho Pança na ínsula Baratária poderia ser entendido como uma utopia. Para tanto busca-se primeiramente delimitar o significado da utopia, discutindo as suas transformações ao longo da história desde sua origem no Renascimento. Além disso examina-se a sua percepção como gênero literário e como corrente de pensamento, recorrendo à diferenciação entre utopia e utopismo. Como o significado da utopia mudou após as críticas de Marx e Engels, procura-se esclarecê-las através de uma análise direta da obra dos dois pensadores, estabelecendo uma diferença entre os escritos de Marx, os de Engels e as interpretações marxistas posteriores. Após o percurso teórico sobre a utopia é feita uma breve discussão bibliográfica perpassando pelos principais nomes da crítica literária cervantina para, na sequência, analisar o texto de "Dom Quixote", em especial as partes da obra diretamente relacionadas ao governo de Sancho. / Abstract: The objective of this work is to study the relationship between utopia and the novel "Don Quixote". More specifically, the hypothesis tested is that the government of Sancho Panza in the insula Barataria could be understood as an utopia. To this end we first seek to delimit the meaning of utopia, discussing its transformations throughout history since its origins in the Renaissance. Furthermore we examine it perception as a literary genre and as a current of thought, using the distinction between utopia and utopianism. Because the eaning of utopia has changed after the criticism of Marx and Engels we sought to clarify the through a direct analysis of two thinkers' work making a difference between the writings of Marx, Engels and later marxist interpretations. After the theoretical course on utopia, we do a brief bibliographical discussion perpassing the top names in Cervantes literary criticism in order to thereupon analyze the text of "Don Quixote", specially the parts of the work directly related to the government of Sancho. / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestre em Teoria e História Literária

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-30T12:36:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dagmar Olmo Talga - 2017.pdf: 7039710 bytes, checksum: 56244963cf19c50b576c241d6009d1cd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-30T12:37:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dagmar Olmo Talga - 2017.pdf: 7039710 bytes, checksum: 56244963cf19c50b576c241d6009d1cd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-30T12:37:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Dagmar Olmo Talga - 2017.pdf: 7039710 bytes, checksum: 56244963cf19c50b576c241d6009d1cd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Las bases iniciales para la formación territorial brasilera, considerando el periodo posterior a la invasión europea, fueron ciertamente el latifundio, la mono cultura y el trabajo esclavo. Esa triada fue responsable de la violencia que caracterizó el avance colonizador sobre las tierras y poblaciones tradicionales, así como de las demás matrices formadoras del pueblo brasilero y sus diferentes hibridaciones. En la lucha por el territorio, sin embargo, también la resistencia de esos pueblos por su tierra y forma de vida fue central para los nuevos ajustes territoriales y humanos. Por otro lado, en algunos momentos este proceso ganó diversas características. Podemos citar por ejemplo los conflictos por la tierra y territorio ocurridos en las diversas regiones brasileras: Cabanagem en la región Amazónica, Canudos en la Región Nordeste, Contestado y Porecatu en la Región Sur, Ligas Camponesas en la Región Nordeste, Trombas y Formoso en la Región Centro-Oeste. Las dos últimas ocurrieron en el umbral – y fueron motivos para - de la instalación de la Dictadura Militar de 1964, que enterró varios proyectos políticos y sociales que incluían la democratización del acceso a la tierra y el derecho al territorio. La lucha reciente por la tierra puede ser contada a partir de mediados de la década de 1980, en el ámbito de la redemocratización brasileira, con el surgimiento del Movimiento de los Trabajadores Rurales Sin Tierra –MST, entre otros que proporcionaron, desde entonces, un nuevo sentido a la lucha por la tierra. La ocupación del latifundio improductivo y los acampamentos colectivos con el propósito de presionar por la expropiación pasan a ser parte de las tácticas de lucha de los movimientos sociales y populares del campo. Todo ese proceso histórico a su vez, fue acompañado por los discursos hegemónicos que sustentan y dan soporte a la concentración agraria brasilera y específicamente goiana. Los Medios de Comunicación en su magnitud son un actor político de este proceso, de la mano con los nuevos medios digitales Facebook, WhatsApp, Google, etc., y principalmente la televisión que posee gran alcance. La reciente campaña “O AGRO É POP” ejemplifica la fuerza de estos instrumentos en la lucha ideológica por la mente, lo cual influencia directamente en el resultado de la lucha por la tierra. De esa forma, el latifundio de los Medios ha asumido relevancia equivalente al latifundio concreto de la posesión de la tierra así como sus múltiples relaciones con trasnacionales alrededor del mundo y el mercado financiero. En contrapartida, nos cuestionamos sobre la utilización de tales procesos de comunicación por los campesinos en la lucha por la tierra. ¿Cómo la comunicación de forma general y, específicamente los nuevos medios digitales influencian en la lucha por la tierra en Brasil, y puntualmente en Goiás? ¿En qué amplitud tales instrumentos mediáticos son utilizados por los acampados o por sus lideranzas en el proceso de lucha? ¿Cuál es la fuerza de los procesos de comunicación en el desarrollo y desenlace de los conflictos por la tierra? Con intención de reflexionar y buscar respuestas para estas y otras cuestiones, tenemos como objetivo principal en esta disertación, entender cómo los procesos de comunicación influencian la lucha por la tierra en el Estado de Goiás. Teniendo como población de análisis los sujetos del Acampamento Don Tomás Balduino, consolidado inicialmente en la ocupación de la Hacienda Santa Mónica en Corumbá de Goiás, en el año 2014, más que continúa en movimiento en otros espacios como el municipio de Formosa, también en el Estado de Goiás. El proceso investigativo que resultó de esta disertación está basado en una perspectiva de investigación participante, entendiendo que, solamente es posible comprender de hecho el contexto investigando con una inmersión participativa en el cotidiano social, político y cultural de los sujetos con los cuales compartimos la investigación. Destacadamente usamos la observación participante como instrumento de campo, utilizado en diferentes momentos y lugares, durante la inmersión en el territorio de la vida de las familias acampada en el Acampamento Don Tomás Balduino. En estos momentos también fueron realizadas 36 entrevistas con hombres y mujeres acampados. Para el análisis de tales entrevistas utilizamos el Análisis de Contenido (AC), que nos proporciona elementos sólidos para las reflexiones, discusiones y análisis aquí presentados. Con los resultados alcanzados esperamos contribuir de alguna forma con el desvelamiento de la influencia de los procesos de comunicación en la lucha por la tierra en el Estado de Goiás. Y, concomitantemente contribuir con la lucha por la tierra y por el territorio de sujetos acampados en el Estado de Goiás / As bases iniciais para a formação territorial brasileira, considerando o período posterior à invasão europeia, foram certamente o latifúndio, a monocultura e o trabalho escravo. Essa tríade foi responsável pela violência que caracterizou o avanço colonizador sobre as terras e populações tradicionais, assim como, sobre as demais matrizes formadoras do povo brasileiro e suas diferentes miscigenações. Na luta pelo território, contudo, também a resistência desses povos por sua terra e forma de vida foi central para os novos arranjos territoriais e humanos. Por outro lado, em alguns momentos, este processo ganhou nuances características. Podemos citar, como exemplo, os conflitos pela terra e território ocorridos nas diversas regiões brasileiras: Cabanagem na Região Amazônica, Canudos na Região Nordeste, Contestado e Porecatu na Região Sul, Ligas Camponesas na Região Nordeste, Trombas e Formoso na Região Centro-Oeste. As duas últimas, ocorreram no limiar - e foram motivos para - da instalação da Ditadura Militar de 1964, que enterrou vários projetos políticos e sociais que incluíam a democratização do acesso à terra e o direito ao território. A luta recente pela terra pode ser contada a partir de meados da década de 1980, no âmbito da redemocratização brasileira, com o surgimento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, entre outros que forneceram, a partir de então, um novo sentido à luta pela terra. A ocupação do latifúndio improdutivo e os acampamentos coletivos com intuito de pressionar pela desapropriação passam a fazer parte das táticas de luta dos movimentos sociais populares no campo. Todo esse processo histórico, por sua vez, foi acompanhado pelos discursos hegemônicos que sustentam e dão suporte à concentração fundiária brasileira e goiana, em específico. A mídia em sua magnitude é um ator político desse processo, juntamente com as novas mídias digitais, facebook, whatzapp, Google etc. e, principalmente, a mídia televisiva que possui grande abrangência. A recente campanha “O AGRO É POP” exemplifica a força destes instrumentos na luta ideológica pelas mentes, o que influencia diretamente no resultado da luta pela terra. O latifúndio da mídia, desta forma, tem assumido relevância equiparada ao latifúndio concreto da posse da terra, bem como suas relações múltiplas com transnacionais ao redor do mundo e o mercado financeiro. Em contrapartida, nos questionamos sobre a utilização de tais processos de comunicação pelos camponeses em luta pela terra. Como a comunicação de forma geral, e as novas mídias digitais, em específico, influenciam na luta pela terra no Brasil e destacadamente em Goiás? Em que amplitude tais instrumentos midiáticos são utilizados pelos acampados ou por suas lideranças no processo de luta? Qual a força dos processos de comunicação no desenvolvimento e desfecho dos conflitos pela terra? No sentido de refletir e buscar resposta para estas e outras questões, temos como objetivo principal nesta dissertação entender como os processos de comunicação influenciam a luta pela terra no Estado de Goiás. Temos como foco de análise os sujeitos do Acampamento Dom Tomás Balduino, consolidado inicialmente na ocupação da Fazenda Santa Mônica em Corumbá de Goiás, em 2014, mas que continua em movimento em outros espaços como o município de Formosa, também em Goiás. O processo investigativo que resultou nesta dissertação tem suas bases na perspectiva participante de pesquisa, entendendo que somente é possível compreender de fato o contexto pesquisado com uma imersão participativa no cotidiano social, político e cultural dos sujeitos com os quais compartilhamos a pesquisa. Destacadamente, utilizamos a observação participante como instrumento de campo, utilizado, em diferentes momentos e locais, durante imersão no território de vida das famílias acampadas no Acampamento Dom Tomás Balduino. Nestes momentos também foram realizadas 36 entrevistas com homens e mulheres acampados. Para a análise de tais entrevistas utilizamos a Análise de Conteúdo (AC), que nos forneceu elementos sólidos para as reflexões, discussões e análises aqui apresentadas. Esperamos de alguma forma, com os resultados alcançados, contribuir com o desvelamento da influência dos processos de comunicação na luta pela terra no Estado de Goiás. E concomitantemente contribuir com a luta pela terra e pelo território de sujeitos acampados no Estado de Goiás.

A base do estudo empreendido nesta tese é a abordagem da Historia de la conquista de México de Dom Antonio de Solís a partir das preceptivas retóricas seiscentistas. Em nossa leitura, o discurso histórico seiscentista é fabricado pela arte. Narrar os feitos construídos como memoráveis é descrevê-los, portanto, retratá-los, ou seja, fazer com que o leitor possa vê-los. Nas edições da Historia de Solís enriquecidas com gravuras, as matérias lidas e vistas se desdobram em uma competição entre as artes, ou seja, entre a História e a Gravura. Nosso propósito é estudar a rivalidade imposta pela imagem como forma de superar a narração e as descrições empenhadas pelo cronista. Assim, as imagens imitam seu texto como forma de alcançar a emulação. Além da edição princeps da História, compõem o corpus da tese três edições enriquecidas com gravuras: a toscana, publicada em Florença em 1699; a castelhana, publicada em Bruxelas em 1704; e a inglesa, publicada em Londres em 1724. A obra de Solís, bem como suas reedições, é compreendida aqui como espaço de competição tanto das artes como dos discursos. A disputa discursiva é analisada na leitura dos textos oficiais que compõem a parte introdutória da edição princeps, os quais ajuízam o estilo, o decoro e a prudência dos preceitos empenhados pelo cronista, ou seja, aprovam e legitimam sua Historia. A concorrência entre os discursos e as artes busca alcançar os efeitos de docere (ensinar), delectare (agradar) e movere (persuadir). Assim, a competição provoca o prazer da maravilha, ensina e agrada aquele que lê as imagens podendo vê-las, logo, persuade de forma mais intensa e eficaz. / The basis of study undertaken in this thesis is the approach to The History of the Conquest of Mexico by Don Antonio de Solís under the 16th-century perceptive rhetoric. In our interpretation, the 16th-century historical discourse is produced through art. Narrating memorable feats is the same as describing them, therefore, depicting them, so that the reader can see them. In the editions of de Solis The History enriched by illustrations, the topics read and seen engage in a competition between arts, that is to say, History and Engraving. Our aim is to study the contest imposed by image as a means of outshining the narrative and the descriptions made by the chronicler. Thus, the images mimic his text as a way of achieving emulation. In addition to the princeps edition of the History, the corpus of the thesis consists of three richly engraved editions: the Tuscan edition, published in Florence in 1699; the Castilian edition, published in Brussels in 1704; and the British edition, published in London in 1724. Solís literary composition, as well as its reeditions, is understood here as a competition field for both arts and discourses. The discursive dispute is analyzed through the reading of official texts which form the introductory section of the princeps edition and assess the chroniclers style, decency and prudence applied to precepts, approving and legitimizing his History. The rivalry between discourses and arts aims to achieve effects of docere (teaching), delectare (delighting) and movere (persuading). Thus, the competition incites the delight of wonder, teaches and pleases whoever reads the images through sight, therefore, it persuades in a more intense and effective manner.

Comment développer l’agriculture de petits paysans au Guatemala ? C’est la question que l’État guatémaltèque se pose depuis 1944, lorsque le Printemps démocratique tenta, sans y parvenir, d’organiser la transition du régime des grandes plantations latifundiaires à une agriculture de petites et moyennes exploitations modernisées. Nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse au cas des villages mayas-q’eqchi’ de la vallée de Cahabón au Guatemala. Face aux différentes politiques de développement qui leur ont été « proposées » avec plus ou moins de contraintes, par les élites locales, nationales ou relevant des ONG, les paysans q’eqchi’ se sont efforcés de construire leur relative autonomie actuelle grâce à une longue lutte juridique contre le dispositif du colonat dans l’Hacienda, puis en essayant de s’adapter non sans douleurs aux politiques de « transformation agraire » de l’État militarisé, et enfin à la privatisation et la parcellisation des terres imposée par la démocratie libérale. La comparaison de la version q’eqchi’ de cette histoire avec la version « occidentale » et la version de l’élite ladina locale, permet de comprendre les enjeux et la complexité des conflits, ainsi que la façon dont les Q’eqchi’ organisent leur résistance et leurs luttes, au travers d’une cosmovision et de paroles propres. En même temps, on tentera de décrire les institutions originales (travail mutuel, abstinence, confrérie) qui régulent la production de denrées commerciales (café, cardamome, cacao, piment) et vivrières (maïs, haricot, courges, etc.) et la relation à l’argent qui en découle. Cela permettra de comprendre les réussites et les échecs des différents programmes de développement actuels. / How to develop peasant agriculture in Guatemala? Such is the challenge the Guatemalan State faces since 1944, that is, since the “Democratic Spring” tried, without success, to organize the transition from the large latifundios plantations to an agriculture based upon small and medium sized modernized exploitations. The thesis takes the case of Maya-q' eqchi' villages of the valley of Cahabón in Guatemala. Considering the different development policies which “were proposed to them” with their constraints, by national and local elites or by ONG, Q’eqchi’ peasants built their relative autonomy thanks to a long legal fight against the device of the colonato of the Hacienda, then by the painful adaptation to the policies of “agrarian transformation” of the militarized State and to privatization and the parcelization of land imposed by the liberal democracy. The comparison between the Q’eqchi’ version of this history with the “western” and the local ladino elite version provides a detailed ethnographic picture of the complexity of these conflicts and the way Q'eqchi' have organized their resistance and their fight, through their own cosmovision, words and ritual. Through the description of the original institutions (mutual work, abstinence, brotherhood) which control the production of commercial food products (coffee, cardamom, cocoa, hot pepper) and food (corn, bean, marrows, etc) and the relation with money, it relates the successes and the failures of various current programs of development.

The essay is a phenomenological study of Don Berry’s novel Trask (1960), demonstrating that experiential priority is given in the text to what Erwin Straus and Otto Bollnow call presential [präsentisch] space. The investigation analyses the difference between two forms of such space. On the one hand presential space is constituted automatically. This happens for the mountain man through the relentless momentum of long-distance trekking. On the other hand presential space is constituted as a mystical terminus of a tribal quest preceded by years of extreme self- discipline. Although such tribal ‘Searching’ is designed to lead to a sublime space- experience devoid of human agency and control, only agency and control make that happen. The essay proposes that, in the text, this structural contradiction makes traditional-cultural attainment of presential space less subtle than the automatic constitution of presential space that happens effortlessly on long mountain trails, without the consciousness-engineering of shamanistic choreography. By lacking any interest in ‘the Searching,’ and thus not programming himself for mystical enlightenment, the rapturous end of Trask’s half-hearted ‘Searching’ adventure comes across as a miracle rather than as reward for socially approved self-discipline. When mystical clairvoyance in this way finally comes to Trask, without him ever really having sought it, its perfectly gratuitous materialization becomes an extension of presential moments given with equal gratuitousness on the mountain trail. In the last analysis, mystical enlightenment in Trask is not the outcome of any striving but something that emerges effortlessly from sustained walking and from the stillness in which it pauses to renew its momentum.

Le but de ce travail est de reconstruire la structure théorique et l’aspect historique de la notiond’« événement » dans le milieu de la phénoménologie française contemporaine, et en particulierdans les travaux de J. Derrida, J.-L. Marion et C. Romano. Le processus de reformulation de laphénoménologie qui est l’objet de notre étude s’étend des années 80 aux années 2000 et nepouvait adopter une approche diverse de celle qui consiste précisément dans le développementdu thème de l’événement, dont on a tenté de mettre en lumière les différentes traditions dont ilhérite. Il s’agit en général d’une référence mixte à la phénoménologie heideggerienne del’inapparent et au post-structuralisme. La question du statut de l’anthropos et du futur de laphénoménologie demeure en arrière-fond grâce aux questions ouvertes par la notion d’ «événement ». / The purpose of this work is to provide a theoretical and historical reconstruction of the notion of« event » in the field of French contemporary phenomenology and as it is developed in the worksof three main authors, notably J. Derrida, J.-L. Marion et C. Romano. The starting point of thework is in the attempt to reform French phenomenology from 80’s till nowadays through theconcept of event. Accordingly, the heritage of French contemporary phenomenology is identifiedin the tangle of Heidegger’s inapparent phenomenology as well as in post-structuralism. Thequestions cornering the definition of anthropos and the future of phenomenology are thereby inbackground.

La recherche doctorale étudie le rôle du droit face à la pénurie d’organes. L’objectif central consiste à dégager des pistes de réflexion de lege ferenda quant à la façon dont la science juridique peut tenter de répondre à cette problématique d’actualité et ainsi d’énoncer des propositions pour réduire le manque de greffons.Pour ce faire, il convient d’analyser le phénomène de pénurie dans son existence, ses origines et ses prolongements. En outre, un examen des règles existantes en Belgique, mais aussi dans d’autres pays et sur le plan international, et de l’impact de celles-ci sur l’insuffisance de transplants doit être réalisé, afin de mettre en évidence les options paraissant les plus appropriées. Les pays choisis pour la comparaison l’ont été pour le nombre élevé de dons qu’ils connaissent (l’Espagne et la Croatie) ou pour l’originalité et l’efficacité de leur système face la pénurie (pour l’originalité, l’Iran, qui a mis en place un système organisé par l’Etat de dons vivants rétribués, système ayant fait l’objet de plusieurs études dans les pays occidentaux ;pour l’efficacité, les États-Unis, qui ont notamment développé différents moyens pour favoriser au maximum les dons vivants).Sur cette base, des propositions inédites, destinées à appréhender de façon pertinente l’écart entre l’offre et la demande d’organes, sont formulées. Ces propositions sont valables au niveau belge mais pourraient mutatis mutandis être intéressantes pour d’autres pays, moyennant les adaptations nécessaires à la prise en compte de leurs spécificités. / The PhD research studies the role law could play in the organ shortage. The main purpose consists in finding de lege ferenda proposals so as to the way law could try dealing with this topical issue and offering ways to reduce the lack of organs.In order to do so, the phenomenon of the shortage as a whole – its existence, causes and consequences – has to be analyzed. Besides, a study of the rules applicable in Belgium, but also in other states and on the international level, as well as of their impact on the organ deficiency has to be realized, to highlight the options that seem the most appropriate. The countries were chosen for the comparison because of their high number of donations (that is the case of Spain and Croatia) or of the originality and efficiency of their system concerning the shortage (as for the originality, Iran has put in place a state-organized system of paid living donors, which has been the topic of several studies in Western countries; as for the efficiency, the United States have developed different ways to favor living donations to a maximum).On these grounds, different proposals designed to handle the gap between demand and supply of organs in a relevant way are formulated. These proposals are valid in the Belgian context but could also be interesting for other countries as long as appropriate adaptations are made to take their specificities into account. / Doctorat en Sciences juridiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

M.A. / This dissertation explores On The Contrary by Andre P. Brink against the backdrop of creative reading with emphasis on interpretation of the text as a process rather than as a product. The title On The Contrary is already indicative of the author's intention to unlock a myriad of interpretative possibilities in stead of tangibilitating a conclusion. The title also illuminates the principle that what is written is not necessarily what is said, that none of the content is cast in concrete and that the work concerns itself with the offering of contrasts: truth and untruth, imagination and reality, guilt and innocence. A symbiosis of dualism and parallelism is portrayed in order to enrich the potential for multiple text interpretations. Various texts are incorporated into the text of On The Contrary on an inter-textual basis, for the purpose of facilitating the interpretative process in an explicit and/or implicit manner. This study investigates and discusses the following three specific texts: • Don Quijote by Cervantes. Several explicit references are made to this canonised novel of Western literature, but it is the subtle, implied similarities between the lives of the characters Estienne Barbier and Don Quojote that serve as interpretative keys. • Jeanne d' Arc and her history. • The life history of Estienne Barbier, the historical 18 th century Cape figure. Remarkable documented similarities between the historical characters, Barbier and Jeanne d'Arc invite the analytical reader to try and establish the extent and purpose of incorporating the Jeanne d'Arc text into On The Contrary. Through the process of creative reading, the reader's assessment and understanding of Estienne Barbier, as a character in the novel, is moulded and formed by the life story and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. Barbier is constructed from a compound of historical facts and fictitious incidents. Historical "gaps" in the life of Estienne Barbier are compensated for through the introduction of elements from the life history and philosophy of Jeanne d'Arc. To that extent Barbier is a consequential character whose life and philosophy inextricably reflects examples derived from Jeanne d'Arc. The inter-textual process imbues a linear Estienne Barbier with depth in regard to the events that effect him and allows him to grow in the eyes of the reader, through fruitful application of parallels between the histories of Jeanne d'Arc and Estienne Barbier. The use of Jeanne d'Arc inter-textually and the virtual "retelling" of Jeanne, profoundly tell the story of a rebellious Barbier's "crusade" in pursuit of righteousness. In similar fashion the historical character Estienne Barbier is "told" into the romantic character Barbier in an attempt to transcend from imagination to reality. The reinterpretation of history, with the view of arriving at an alternative historical interpretation, becomes possible through the use of fiction. In primary instance this study investigates the manner in which the abovementioned three texts are incorporated inter-textually in the novel On The Contrary. Secondly an attempt is made to identify the narrative strategies that are used to arrive at a possible interpretation of the text and lastly it indulges in an exploration of the healing effect that the process of (imaginary) storytelling has in the lives of characters such as Don Quijote and Estienne Barbier.

Dans ce travail de thèse, nous cherchons à faire dialoguer Sartre et Bataille dont la confrontation dans les années quarante et cinquante a la signification, à notre sens, d’une rencontre entre deux pensées de l’expérience et de l’existence que nous proposons d’appeler respectivement « pensée de la liberté » et « pensée de la souveraineté ». Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, d’esquisser comment ces deux pensées ont pu se rencontrer sous forme de confrontation et, pour ce faire, de restituer l’horizon à partir duquel elles ont pu se formuler : si Sartre a reproché à Bataille d’avoir confondu dans L’expérience intérieure l’attitude scientifique et l’attitude existentialiste et d’avoir décrit ainsi une expérience nullement intérieure, c’est qu’en adoptant une méthode phénoménologique pour décrire la rencontre concrète de l’existence par elle-même en tant qu’existence temporelle, il entend par « expérience » ce que les phénoménologues allemands appellent « Erlebnis » et ce qui est dans son essence une sphère d’immanence radicalement infusionnable avec d’autres sphères du même type, tandis que l’expérience intérieure telle que Bataille la définit culmine précisément dans une fusion de l’intérieur et de l’extérieur que celui-ci considère d’ailleurs comme exigence fondamentale d’une phénoménologie de l’esprit développée et en vue de laquelle il exige une existence immédiate, sans délai, enfoncée dans l’instant. L’enjeu d’une telle divergence sur le sens de l’expérience et, corrélativement, de l’existence est d’autant plus profond que ces deux penseurs ont tous pour dessein d’établir une morale à ceci près qu’il s’agit, pour l’un, d’une morale de la souveraineté dont le sens est paradoxalement hypermoral et, pour l’autre, d’une morale de la liberté qui ne peut être atteinte qu’au terme d’une conversion radicale. En quoi consistent-elles ces deux morales ? Comment sont-elles accrochées à deux pensées différentes voire opposées de l’expérience et de l’existence ? Telles sont les deux questions auxquelles nous tenterons, en dernière instance, de répondre pour mieux mesurer l’enjeu de la confrontation entre Sartre et Bataille et, par là, établir un dialogue qui est de prime abord improbable. / In this dissertation, we seek to construct a dialogue between Sartre and Bataille whose confrontation in the forties and fifties should be considered, in our view, as an encounter between two ways of thinking experience and existence that we would like to call, respectively, « thinking of liberty » and « thinking of sovereignty ». We are going to, firstly, outline how these two thinkings could encounter with each other in a confrontational way and, for this purpose, to restore the horizon from which they were able to formulate themselves : if Sartre criticized Bataille for confusing, in The inner experience, the scientific attitude with the existentialiste one and, therefore, describing an experience which is not inner at all, that’s because in adopting a phenomenological method to describe the concrete encounter of existence – which is temporal – by itself, he understood « experience » as what the German phenomenologists called « Erlebnis », namely a sphere of immanence which is radically infusionnable with other spheres of the same type, while the inner experience as Bataille defined it culminates precisely in a fusion of the inner and the exterior that he considered as the fundamental demanding of a developped phenomenology of mind in responding to which he required an immediate existence, that is to say an existence without daly, immerged in the instant. What’s at stake in such a divergence on the meaning of experience and, correspondingly, of existence has much further implications in that both of these two thinkers had the very intention to establish the morality except that for one, it’s a morality of sovereignty whose meaning is paradoxically hypermoral while for the other, it should be a morality of liberty that can only be reached through a radical conversion. What could we learn from these two moralities ? How are they linked to two different, even opposite ways of thinking experience and existence ? These are the two questions that we will try, finally, to respond in order to better measure the stakes of the confrontation between Sartre and Bataille and thus to establish a dialogue which seems prima facie improbable.