The aim of this work was to analyze breeding and economical indicators of cattle breed in Selekta Pacov ltd. and on a private farm of Mr. Lubomir Straka in years 2014-2015. The results show, that in both cases, these plants are very modern and continuously innovated with high standard of milk performance, good health state of all milk cows, high-quality nutrition and appropriate farm management. Reproduction indicators are acceptable in both cases and correspond with the high milk performance. Economic result corresponds with the excellent level of milk cows breeding; both companies show profit during whole period of observation. Calf breeding is at high level on both farms as well. The farm of Mr. Straka shows the only problem; due to shortage of workforce, the farm has relatively high calf loss. In the heifer category, the results in breeding economy and breeding indicators are at high level. These animals are fully grown and developed with great body proportions and optimal body condition; this is the precondition of high milk performance. Bull fattening is realized in Selekta ltd. only; Mr. Lubomir Straka doesn´t fatten the bulls, but he sells them as calves already. For Selekta ltd., this commodity is an unprofitable branch. The reasons are low growth during fattening and high feed costs. If these problems are not removed, it will be better to cancel this category.

Chez les ruminants, l’Acidose Ruminale SubAiguë (ARSA) est une maladie d’origine nutritionnelle qui fait suite à une perturbation des fermentations microbiennes et à une acidité anormale du compartiment ruminal. L’installation chronique de ce dysfonctionnement digestif peut avoir une incidence néfaste sur l’efficacité de production et la santé des animaux. À l’échelle de l’individu ou du troupeau, elle aura pour conséquences des retombées économiques négatives pour l’éleveur. Un des problèmes majeurs de cette maladie est qu’elle ne se manifeste pas par des signes cliniques spécifiques. A l’heure actuelle, seul le pH ruminal permet d’objectiver la maladie même si aucun indicateur de pH ne fait l’unanimité, notamment du fait des variabilités importantes liées à la technique de mesure du pH d’une part et à la susceptibilité des animaux d’autre part. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a eu pour objectif d’améliorer le diagnostic individuel de l’ARSA chez la vache laitière en développant une approche multiparamétrique applicable sur le terrain. Nous proposons de nouveaux indicateurs issus de cinétiques de pH mesuré de façon non-invasive avec des bolus intra-ruminaux. Ces nouveaux indicateurs relatifs, calculés quotidiennement sur les cinétiques normalisées sur 0 (NpH), sont le temps passé sous NpH <-0,3, l’écart type et l’amplitude. Ils permettent de pallier les fortes sources de variabilité et présentent l’intérêt d’être transposables entre études et sont plus précis pour caractériser l’ARSA. Parallèlement, nous avons développé des modèles multiparamétriques composés de plusieurs paramètres mesurés simultanément dans différents compartiments biologiques (lait, fèces, salive, sang, urine) ou sur l’animal (comportement). Leur capacité de prédiction de l’ARSA a ensuite été évaluée en élevage. Certains modèles incluant des paramètres périphériques au rumen et simples à mesurer sur le terrain présentent une bonne sensibilité (concentration en urée dans le lait, en bicarbonate dans le sang, pH salivaire), et d’autres ont une bonne spécificité (nombre de buvées de l’animal, pH fécal, concentration en urée dans le lait). Néanmoins, aucun modèle ne renferme un couple sensibilité et spécificité satisfaisant. A l’issue de ce travail nous proposons une stratégie diagnostique fondée sur 4 étapes : 1) l’analyse du contexte de diagnostic de l’ARSA, 2) l’évaluation des facteurs de risques, 3) l’évaluation des modèles multiparamétriques et 4) le calcul d’indicateurs NpH ruminaux des individus à risque. / In ruminants, subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is a nutritional disease that induces an abnormal acidity of the rumen compartment as well as disturbance in microbial fermentation. When the disease becomes chronic, it can lead to negative effects on production efficiency and animal health at the individual or the herd scales, with negative economic consequences for the farmer. One of the major problems of SARA is that there are no obvious clinical signs. Presently, the only benchmark to define SARA is rumen pH. However, no pH indicator is unanimous due to the important variability related both to the measurement technique itself and to the animal susceptibility. In this context, this thesis aimed to improve the individual diagnosis of SARA in dairy cows by developing a multiparametric approach that could be used on field. We propose new indicators of pH kinetics measured noninvasively with intra-ruminal boluses. These new relative indicators, calculated daily (kinetic normalised on 0, NpH), consist of the time spent under NpH < - 0.3, the NpH standard deviation and the NpH range. These indicators make it possible to overcome the strong sources of variability and have the advantage of being transposable while being more accurate to characterize SARA. At the same time, we have developed multiparametric models including a number of parameters measured simultaneously in various biological compartments (milk, faeces, saliva, blood, urine) or on animal behaviour. The models ability to predict SARA has been evaluated on field. Some models including rumen peripheral parameters (concentration of urea in milk, of bicarbonate in blood, salivary pH) have a proficient sensitivity while others have a proficient specificity (number of drinking acts, faecal pH, and urea concentration in milk). However, no model developed is both sensitive and specific enough. The diagnostic strategy we propose is based on 4 steps: 1) analysis of the SARA diagnostic context, 2) assessment of risk factors, 3) evaluation of multiparametric models and (4) determination of ruminal NpH indicators for individuals presenting a high risk of SARA.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate in selected levels of nutrition and feeding of dairy cows in relation to the economy of milk production and suggest possible options for improving the profitability of milk production. They have been selected four firms, two keeping Holstein cattle and two with red coloured cattle. One company was with highest production and the second company was with average production. The aim was to assess the profitability of milk production at peak and average enterprises, especially given the quality of forage and the cost of ration. The selected companies we evaluated the composition of feed rations, especially forage quality indicators. For assessment of milk production of dairy cows were selected for the second group, or third lactation calved in the same period, and after ten pieces from each company. We also evaluated the cost of feeding dairy cows in milk and in particular the cost to produce one liter of milk a day and feed at the cost of production for the entire lactation. Selected breeds we all observed points compared with each other.

The diploma thesis deals with the analysis of selected effects on reproduction of Holstein dairy cows. Breeding of cattle faces up to so impaired indicators of reproduction that it could cause the decrease of economic efficiency in production of milk and meat. The aim of the thesis is the evaluation of selected effects that influence the reproduction of dairy cows in the farm in Trhový Štěpánov. Information about reproduction were gained from records of efficiency controls and animal husbandry records of the year 2012. The observation included total 515 Holstein dairy cows (H100) and 1 784 inseminations were carried out. From this amount 350 dairy cows were gravid. Gained data were selected by sequence of lactation, level of dairy efficiency, inseminating bulls and synchronizing programmes. Established results showed that the only reliable indicator was the interval of insemination. Average length of interval of insemination amounted to 79,9 days. The other figures of reproduction indicators were found out below-average comparing the avarage figures of Holstein cattle. Average service period of studied dairy cows was 197,1 days and the length of between-period was 477,1 days. It was found out very low average percentage of gravidity after the first insemination (12,6 %). Average number of doses of insemination for one gravid cow was 3,5. The biggest effect on reproduction indicators had the level of dairy efficiency (P < 0,05). The shortest service period and between-period had dairy cows with efficiency of 7 000 to 10 000 kg of milk. It was not proved the influence of RPH of breeding bulls for gravidity of breeding-cows. The highest percentage of gravidity after all inseminations was after application of EOSTROPHAN (30,5 %). The worst synchronizing programme was DOUBLE OVSYNCH (12 %). The percentage of gravidity after all inseminations and synchronizing programmes was 20,4 % and after spontaneous rut only 15 %.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to obtain basic information about the milking process and than formulate findings about the behavior of dairy cows during milking and after 30 minutes after milking. There were compared data obtained during the milking in the milking parlor with a robot and in conventional milking parlor. Ethological observation was conducted for 24 hours and was focused on all milked cows during three different seasons at two different farms. During the monitoring there were conducted observations on 862 pieces 478 pieces on the farm with a milking robot and 384 pieces on the farm with a herringbone milking parlor. The data collection took place during the observation of the Holstein cattle and was focused in three areas of animal behavior. There was compared the need for feed intake, drinking and lying down of cows 30 minutes after they leaved the milking equipment. Obtained results were evaluated by means of two programs Microsoft Excel and Statistics 9.

One of the basic conditions for achieving a positive production and meeting economic objectives in cattle breeding is their high and regular reproductive performance. Amongst the most significant factors influencing cattle fertility is the health state of heifers. To breed cattle successfully, it is essential to ensure that their feet are in a good condition, in particular hoofs. Diseased feet lead to the reduction of cattle performance and affect their welfare which results in a negative impact on cattle fertility. This thesis is concerned with the influence of cattle lameness on reproductive indicators of cows. For the purpose of the research, a group of cows from ZD Pluhuv Zdar including 843 dairy cows of the Holstein breed and Czech Simmental breed was studied. Equally, all cows originated from two different types of stabling. The following information were checked about each cow: the identification number, stabling number, breed, age, date of calving, order of lactation, performance, interim period, service period, insemination interval, insemination index and any relevant hoof problems. The impact of hoof problems on reproductive indicators that depended on the order of lactation and breed were analysed in the program Statistica using two-factor anova. It was observed that there existed a significant influence of hoof disease on each reproduction indicator. Dairy cows on the 3rd and higher level of lactation showed an evident difference in the length of the interim period. It was found that healthy dairy cows without any hoof disease had on average 385 day long interim period, whereas dairy cows with hoof problems had 398 day long interim period. It is apparent that the interim period was lengthened by 13 days in dairy cows with lameness. In addition, the values for service period and insemination index increased in the group with cattle lameness (by 17 days and the value of 3.17). In the case of insemination interval values, the difference between healthy and diseased cows was the least apparent. Furthermore, it was proven that the combination of infectious and non-infectious diseases have the greatest impact on reproduction indicators that seem to increase their value as a result. This causes a great deal of stress to an organism of an animal. When comparing reproduction indicators between breeds, it was noticeable that there was an influence on the cross breeding and how strained the Holstein breed was. The average length of interim period was 8 days longer in the Holstein breed group than Czech Simmental cattle. Furthermore, the length of the service period was 5 days longer in the Holstein cattle group. From the data, it can be concluded that any hoof disease in herds should not be neglected and stock breeders should pay increased attention to hoof problems since it could pose a risk on the whole stock breeding economics. A stock breeder should focus on the regular and careful trimming, washing and treatment of hoofs. In addition, attention should be paid to stabling and how comfortable it is for dairy cows, as well as the quality and complexity of feeding portions that are served.

A mastitis is an inflammatory illness of a milk gland, currently the mastitis is one of the most common health problems in cattle breeding. In most cases the mastitis is caused by bacterial infections of an udder, it can be also caused by viruses, protozoa, yeast, algae and molds. There are huge variety of factors reducing defensive immune mechanisms of the udder and predispose a cow for the inflammation. An etiology of mastitis and mainly ways of prevention are very interesting not only for dairy cows breeders, but also for researchers, scientists and veterinarians. Main reason is economy of dairy cattle the inflammation of milk gland reduces actual milk production, it can influenced milk yield in next lactations and lenght of productive life of the dairy cow too. Usually culling rate and death rate grow. The mastitis has negative effect on reproduction and health status of the cow, especially on hooves' health; that also leads to shortening of cow's productive life and necessity of faster replacement of affected cows by heifers. An aim of this work is to found out risk factors which enlarges chance of the mastitis. Rate of mastitis is influenced by an age of a cow and a number of lactation, a number of days in lactation, an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation, cases of mastitis at the 1st and next lactations and health problems on start of a lactation. A number of treated teats is influenced by an age of a cow at the 1st calving, an yield of the previous lactation and days of the dry-period. Negative effect of mastitis on the reproduction wasn't completely demonstrated; there were only found out that higher number of treating cases extends time between calvings.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-01-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_acn_dr_jabo.pdf: 601773 bytes, checksum: def18f1963f8b49473ff4e83d2c5329b (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O trabalho foi conduzido no Instituto de Zootecnia - Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios, em Ribeirão Preto. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro dietas experimentais. Dieta I contendo semente de girassol e cana-de-açúcar “in natura”; Dieta II contendo semente de girassol e cana hidrolisada; Dieta III contendo farelo de girassol e cana hidrolisada e Dieta IV contendo óleo de girassol e cana hidrolisada. O período experimental teve duração de 84 dias, composto de três estágios denominados, inicio, meio e fim, de 28 dias cada, sendo os últimos quatro dias utilizados para coleta de dados. Os animais foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, composto por quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. A análise estatística dos dados foi realizada utilizando-se o Statistical Analisys System (SAS, 2003). A comparação entre as dietas foi realizada por meio de teste de Tukey. O objetivo deste trabalho constituiu-se em analisar os efeitos da utilização de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar “in natura” e hidrolisada com Ca(OH)2, associadas a semente, farelo e óleo de girassol na alimentação de vacas mestiças em lactação, sobre os parâmetros metabólicos e fisiológicos, composição do leite e viabilidade econômica. Os tratamentos contendo cana hidrolisada com semente e óleo de girassol apresentaram maiores produções de leite (16,49L e 16,79L). As dietas contendo cana hidrolisada apresentaram maiores teores de Ca. As vacas alimentadas com cana hidrolisada e óleo de girassol apresentaram perfil de gordura no leite de melhor qualidade para consumo. A dieta contendo cana de açúcar hidrolisada e semente de girassol proporcionou maior produção leiteira e melhor receita bruta / The sugar cane is a good food in energy, presents high productivity, is available in the dry season and after the maturation keeps its practically constant the nutritional value. However limitations how the low digestibility of fiber can decrease the voluntary dry matter intake. The alkaline treatment in the sugar-cane with Ca(OH)2 can increase the fiber digestibility good efficiency improvements on its digestibility, but the use of lime has raised questions about high levels of calcium in the diet of lactating cows, which could lead to metabolic diseases and losses productivity. This work consisted in analyzing the effects of diets containing sugarcane ‘in natura” and hydrolyzed with Ca (OH)2, associated with sunflower meal, sunflower oil, sunflower seed in the diet of lactating cows on the metabolic and physiological parameters, milk composition and economic viability. The present research was carried in Institute de Zootecnia at Ribeirão Preto city to evaluate diets with raw and hydrolyzed sugarcane associated with sunflower (seed, meal and oil).The diets were: I- raw plus seed; II – hydrolyzed plus seed; III – hydrolyzed plus meal and IV – hydrolyzed plus oil. The research was conducted in 84 days, with 3 stages of 28 days included 4 last days to collect data. Twenty four dairy cows were distributed in a randomized design with four treatments and 6 repetitions. Means were compared by Tukey

The observation was performed in brick buildings for dairy cows breeding. The stabling was created as lose boxes with litter (made from separated slurry) and with grid dung-passage. The aim of the work was assessed evaluation the availability of separated slurry used as a plastic litter from the animal cleanness, welfare and microclimatic parameters of stabling. During experiment was ascertained, that not founded negative impact at the animals.

No description available.