El presente estudio de investigación basado en la metodología científica busca determinar los factores relevantes en la importación de grasa anhidra durante el periodo 2010- 2018. Para ello, a lo largo del proceso, se reconoce como indispensable trazar como objetivo principal el de identificar los factores que influyeron en las importaciones de grasa anhidra láctea (GAL) con partida arancelaria 0405902000 desde Nueva Zelanda durante el periodo 2010-2018. La elaboración del estudio, se basó en una metodología de tipo descriptiva, con diseño no experimental, y un corte transversal descriptivo que cuenta con un enfoque mixto. Por un lado, los pasos para el manejo de la información secundaria fueron papers, revistas indexadas, tesis de grado, bases de datos especializadas como Euromonitor y Trademap; así mismo, la búsqueda de bases teóricas que respalden el tema de investigación; Del mismo modo, el descubrimiento de una realidad problemática que demuestre el problema principal y problemas específicos; además, el planteamiento de argumentos válidos que justifiquen la tesis en cuestión; y finalmente, el análisis de documentos que contengan información numérica y datos estadísticos del sector objeto de estudio. Por otro lado, para la obtención de información primaria se estableció una población de estudio de 10 especialistas conformada por 6 Gerentes y Jefes de las empresas Gloria, Laive y Nestlé, un especialista de aduanas, un experto en ingeniería de industria alimentaria, el gerente de ventas de Fonterra y por ultimo un representante del gremio de ganaderos; a quienes aplicamos entrevistas semi estructuradas. Para el procesamiento de dicha información, se utilizó el software Atlas.ti® que permitió realizar un análisis detallado de los objetivos. Finalmente, las principales variables que intervinieron en la importación de la grasa anhidra láctea durante el periodo 2010 – 2018, fueron: la tecnología, la calidad, el PBI y el bajo volumen de producción de leche fresca. Con los resultados del estudio, explicaremos los factores que impactan en el comportamiento de la importación de la GAL y contribuir a futuras investigaciones que pretendan abordar el tema de investigación. / The present research work, based on scientific methodology seeks to determine the relevant factors in the import of AMF during the period 2010 - 2018. For this, throughout the process, it essential to recognized and establish as the main objective to identify the relevant factors in the importation of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) from New Zealand with tariff heading 405902000, during the period 2010 - 2018. The methodology used for the development of this work is descriptive, with a non-experimental design, with a descriptive cross-section and a mixed approach. On the one hand, the steps for managing secondary information were papers, indexed journals, graduate theses, specialized databases such as Euromonitor and Trademap. Likewise, the search for theoretical bases that support the research topic; Similarly, the discovery of a problematic reality that demonstrates the main problem and specific problems; in addition, the proposal of valid arguments that justify the thesis in question; and finally, the analysis of documents that contain numerical information and statistical data of the sector under study. On the other hand, to obtain primary information, we stablished a study population of 10 specialists, made up of six Managers and Heads of the principal companies of the industry: Gloria, Laive and Nestlé, a customs specialist, an expert in food industry engineering, the sales manager of Fonterra and a member of the cattle ranchers guild. We apply semi-structured interviews. For the processing of this information, we used the Atlas.ti® software, which allowed us to carry out a detailed analysis of the objectives. Finally, the main variables that intervened in the importation of anhydrous milk fat during the period 2010 - 2018 were technology, quality, GDP and the low volume of fresh milk production. With the results of the study, we will explain the factors that affect in the import behavior of the anhydrous milk fat and hope to contribute to future research that seeks to address the research topic. / Tesis

Implementation av ett CSR-engagemang innebär stora ekonomiska påfrestelser på ett företag vilket kan visa sig vara problematiskt för företag då konsumenterna uppger att de är villiga att överväga CSR men när det gäller verklig konsumtion är det få konsumenter som tar hänsyn till CSR. Syftet med denna uppsats är därför att kartlägga åsikterna om företags CSR inom mejeribranschen och klädbranschen hos konsumenter i Stockholm län. Frågeställningarna för denna uppsats är “anser svenska konsumenter att det är viktigt med CSR inom mejeribranschen respektive klädbranschen??” samt “vilka CSR-faktorer anser svenska konsumenter påverkar deras köp mest inom mejeribranschen respektive klädbranschen?”. Arbetet i studien är grundat i en kvantitativ undersökning där 307 respondenter deltog i en enkätundersökning. För att studera resultatet av enkätundersökningen har arbetet utgått ifrån teorier inom CSR och konsumentbeteende. Utifrån resultatet kan man konstatera att respondenterna anser att det är viktigare med CSR inom mejeribranschen än inom klädbranschen samt att de faktorer som respondenterna anser påverkar deras köp mest är smak eller utseende, beroende på branschen. En slutsats som kan dras utifrån resultatet är att CSR är viktigare för kvinnor än för män inom respektive bransch, samt att konsumenterna inte anser att CSR faktorer är det som har störst påverkan på deras köp inom respektive bransch. Slutligen kan slutsatsen om att respondenterna anser att CSR faktorer har större påverkan på deras köp inom mejeribranschen än i klädbranschen, bortsett från arbetsförhållanden som anses påverka mer inom klädbranschen. / Implementation of a CSR engagement involves major financial strain on a company, which may prove problematic for companies, as consumers state that they are willing to consider CSR, but when it comes to real consumption, few consumers take CSR into consideration. The purpose of this paper is therefore to map out the opinions about the corporate social responsibility regarding the industries of both clothing and dairy products for the consumers in the Stockholm area. The research questions that were examined was “do Swedish consumers consider CSR to be important in the dairy industry and the clothing industry?” and "which CSR factors do Swedish consumers consider to affect their purchases most in the dairy industry and the clothing industry?". The research has a quantitative base with a survey with 307 respondents. In order to study the result of the survey the use of different theories has been implemented for example CSR, Green Marketing and Consumer Behaviour. The result shows that the respondents think that CSR is more important in the dairy industry than the clothing industry, as well as the most important factor in their purchase is the taste or looks of the product, depending on the industry. Another conclusion is that CSR is more important for women than for men in both industries. Furthermore, consumers don't think that CSR factors is what has the greatest impact on their purchases within each industry. Lastly is that the respondents consider CSR factors to have a greater impact on their purchases in the dairy industry than in the clothing industry, apart from working conditions which are considered to affect more in the clothing industry.

Milk and dairy products are groceries of high nutritive value, and therefore, of easy contamination. A great part of the toxic infections that occur, according to the World Health Organization, is caused by the consume of contaminated food, and the main factors that determine these contaminations are related with the poor raw-material obtaining conditions, storage, transportation, processing, manipulation, conservation and commercialization. The present moment requires news models of management, in the milk farms and in the dairy industry. This study had as its objective to point out actions for continuous improvement, to increase the quality and productivity in the milk chain, from diagnosis made in a milk farm and in a Dairy Factory in Santa Maria/RS. The methodology used was the explanatory-descriptive-exploratory type. For the concretization of this project, in the rural property, visual observation and environmental pictures were used, which included the physical-functional structure, operational, human resources and of the flux of milk obtaining in the milking rooms, and milk. In the factory, was from analysis of the physical-functional, operational and human resources structure, which was made through the observation of the plant, visual observation of the environment e pictures of the production fluxes, as well as through data collecting in files in the management sector and verifying list of the GMP. The detailed analysis of the processes identified opportunities for improvement, and evaluation of non conformities in the rural property and factory, based in the current legislations. The evaluation instrument, applied to the locals of study, demonstrated itself to be a effective tool in the identification of factors of non conformities, made possible the elaboration of the Plan of Action 5S s, to the rural property, Manual of GMP to the Factory, and adaptation suggestions to eliminate identified flaws. / O leite e seus derivados são alimentos de alto valor nutritivo, e, portanto, de fácil contaminação. Grande parte das toxinfecções ocorridas, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, é causada pelo consumo de alimentos contaminados, e os principais fatores que determinam essas contaminações estão relacionadas com as condições precárias de obtenção da matéria-prima, armazenamento, transporte, processamento, manipulação, conservação e comercialização. O momento atual exige novos modelos de gestão, nas propriedades leiteiras e na indústria de laticínios. Este estudo teve como objetivo propor ações de melhoria contínua, para incrementar a qualidade e produtividade, na cadeia do leite, a partir de diagnósticos realizados em uma propriedade leiteira e em uma Usina de laticínios de Santa Maria/RS. A metodologia utilizada foi do tipo exploratório-descritiva-explicativo. Para a realização do trabalho, na propriedade rural, utilizou-se a observação visual e fotos do ambiente, que incluiu a estrutura físico-funcional, operacional, recursos humanos e do fluxo de obtenção do leite nas salas de ordenha e leite. Na Usina, constou de análise da estrutura físico-funcional, operacional e dos recursos humanos, a qual foi realizada pela observação da planta baixa, observação visual dos ambientes e fotos dos fluxos de produção, assim como através da coleta de dados em arquivos no setor administrativo e lista de verificação das BPF. A análise detalhada dos processos identificou oportunidades de melhoria, e avaliação das não conformidades na propriedade rural e Usina, baseado nas legislações vigentes.O instrumento de avaliação, aplicado aos locais em estudo, demonstrou ser uma ferramenta eficaz na identificação de fatores de não conformidades, possibilitou a elaboração do Plano de Ação 5S s, para a propriedade rural, Manual de BPF para a Usina, e sugestões de adequações para eliminar falhas identificadas.

Submitted by Caroline Periotto (carol@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-19T18:29:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBL.pdf: 2233937 bytes, checksum: 7a73fb1e4ba8f340cb8d4bdf4e8153d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T18:01:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBL.pdf: 2233937 bytes, checksum: 7a73fb1e4ba8f340cb8d4bdf4e8153d4 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-09-20T18:05:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBL.pdf: 2233937 bytes, checksum: 7a73fb1e4ba8f340cb8d4bdf4e8153d4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T18:05:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissRBL.pdf: 2233937 bytes, checksum: 7a73fb1e4ba8f340cb8d4bdf4e8153d4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / The Brazilian market for dairy products is highly competitive and is still dominated by multinationals. Thus, it's essential that the national companies to invest in operational efficiency in order to compete successfully. Therefore, this research focuses in a small dairy company of the state of Pará, whose distribution system requires periodic stops for battery recharging. Moreover, the system is characterized by multiple periods and multiple time windows. To our knowledge, so far the literature hasn't presented a directly applicable methodology for the treatmeant of the application with similar characteristics. Therefore, aiming to provide more effective solutions than the ones in practice, a mixed integer linear model was developed to describe (and solve) the problem as a vehicle routing problem with time window constraints, multi-period and periodic stops for recharging. The results showed that the model adequately describes the distribution of the company, and the obtained solutions are better than those currently practiced. Furthermore, the model shows good performance within 3600 seconds of computational time for instances of 40 customers, 1 vehicle and 1 and 2 recharging stations. Aiming to tackle with larger examples, we developed a mathematical programming heuristic Relax-and-Fix to solve the model. It was also tested adapting a similar model present in the literature in order to analyze if the relaxation of some restrictions have a positive impact on the quality of the solutions. Finally, we propose a location-distribution model for recharging stations in order to examine whether the addition of new stations produce significant improvements in the solutions. / O mercado brasileiro de laticínios é altamente competitivo, sendo ainda dominado por multinacionais. Desta forma, é indispensável que as empresas nacionais invistam na eficiência operacional de forma a concorrer satisfatoriamente neste mercado. À vista disso, o foco desta pesquisa é uma pequena empresa de laticínios do Estado do Pará, cujo o sistema de distribuição a pontos de venda possui a particularidade de necessitar de paradas periódicas para recarga da bateria. Ainda, esse sistema tem como característica múltiplos períodos e múltiplas janelas de tempo. Nota-se que o levantamento bibliográfico realizado não apontou nenhuma metodologia diretamente aplicável para solução da aplicação real tratada. Portanto, objetivando provar soluções mais efetivas que as correntemente aplicadas na prática, foi desenvolvido um modelo linear inteiro misto para descrever (e resolver) o problema como um problema de roteamento de veículos com restrições janela de tempo, multi-períodos e paradas periódicas para recarga. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo proposto descreve adequadamente o processo distribuição da empresa, e as soluções obtidas são melhores que as praticadas atualmente. Além disso, verificou-se que o modelo tem um desempenho satisfatório em até 3600 segundos de processamento para instâncias de até 40 clientes, 1 veículo e até 2 postos de recarga. Com vistas ao tratamento de problemas de maior porte, foi desenvolvida uma heurística de programação matemática do tipo Relax-and-Fix para resolução do modelo. Também foi testada a adaptação de um modelo similar presente na literatura, visando analisar se a relaxação de algumas restrições impacta positivamente na qualidade das soluções. Finalmente, é proposto um modelo de localização-distribuição de postos de recarga, de forma a se examinar se a inclusão de novos postos produz melhorias significativas nas soluções atuais. / FAPESP: 14/10330-0

Le terme veaux laitiers se réfère aux veaux mâles et femelles non retenus pour le remplacement et vendus en jeune âge. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer l’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le prix final de veaux laitiers lors de leurs mises en marche dans deux encans québécois. Les éleveurs des fermes d’origine des veaux ont été contactés pour répondre à un questionnaire sur les caractéristiques et les pratiques de leur ferme. L’association entre les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme et le percentile de la médiane du prix des veaux a été évaluée via un modèle multivariable de régression linéaire. Un total de 509 éleveurs a été contacté, 433 ont accepté de participer et 409 questionnaires ont été retenus pour les analyses statistiques. Les fermes ont vendu en médiane deux veaux (entre 1 et 19) et la majorité (82%) était de race Holstein. Leur prix était positivement associé à une production moyenne par vache/an supérieure à 11 000 litres et à la présence sur la ferme de trois travailleurs et plus s’occupant des veaux. Leur prix était négativement associé à la vaccination des vaches pour la diarrhée néonatale, l’absence de désinfection du cordon ombilical des veaux, l’interdiction aux transporteurs d’entrer dans les bâtiments de la ferme et à l’utilisation de ripe de bois comme litière des veaux. Les résultats démontrent que les caractéristiques et les pratiques de la ferme d’origine sont associées au prix des veaux laitiers / The term surplus calf defines the male calves and heifers culled within two weeks of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations between the characteristics and the practice of the dairy farms and the price of surplus calves. Their selling price (CAD/kg) were recorded in two-auction markets between 2019 and 2020. The farms who sold calves during the study were contacted to answer the survey. The possible association between the characteristics and the practices of the farms and the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm was assessed using a multivariable linear regression model. A total of 509 farmers were contacted, 433 of them have accepted to be enrolled and 409 questionnaires were retained for statistical analysis. The median of the surplus calves sold by the farm was two (between 1 and 19) and the majority were Holstein (82%). The covariates that were positively associated with the median percentile of surplus calves’ selling price per farm were an average milk production per cow/year superior to 11,000 liters and the presence of the farm of three or more workers available to take care of calves. Their selling price was negatively associated with vaccination of cows for neonatal calf diarrhea, no disinfection of the navel of newborn calves, no forbid transporters to entry in the farm’s buildings and use of wood shaving as bedding for surplus calves. The results show the association between the characteristics and practices of farms and the price of surplus calves.

The dairy industry is a complex system that involves many stakeholders and processes, from production to distribution. To measure and improve the performance of this system, a comprehensive and reliable Performance Measurement System (PMS) is needed. A PMS is a tool that helps to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of supply chain operations. One of the components of a PMS is the key performance indicators (KPIs), which reflect the performance of specific aspects of the supply chain. This thesis explores how KPIs can be used to enhance logistics performance in the dairy industry. The research is based on a single case study of a global company that operates in the dairy sector, which faces challenges such as high competition, customer demand variability, and food waste. The research uses a mix of literature review, interviews, and data analysis to identify and evaluate the relevant KPIs for logistics performance, as well as their interrelationships and impacts. The research applies the interpretive structural modeling (ISM) method to develop a hierarchical model of the KPIs and their causal relationships. The interpretive structural model of the indicators shows that the current indicators commonly used in the dairy industry today are not suitable for measuring performance, the indicators do not affect the current performance significantly but rather reflect the. This paper proposes a methodology for qualitatively evaluating performance measures, based on the integration of the ISM approach, the MICMAC analysis, and the seven criteria of a KPI. The ISM approach is a technique for identifying and analyzing the interrelationships among elements of a complex system. By applying this methodology, organizations and researchers can assess the suitability and importance of a set of KPIs. / Mejeriindustrin är ett komplext system som involverar många intressenter och processer, från produktion till distribution. För att mäta och förbättra systemets prestanda behövs ett heltäckande och tillförlitligt system för prestationsmätning (PMS). Ett PMS är ett verktyg som hjälper till att utvärdera effektiviteten i leveranskedjans verksamhet. En av komponenterna i ett PMS är nyckeltal (KPI:er), som är mått som återspeglar prestandan för specifika aspekter av leveranskedjan. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur KPI:er kan användas för att förbättra logistiken inom mejeriindustrin. Forskningen baseras på en fallstudie av ett globalt företag som är verksamt inom mejerisektorn, som står inför utmaningar som hög konkurrens, varierande kundefterfrågan och matsvinn. Forskningen använder en blandning av litteraturstudier, intervjuer och dataanalys för att identifiera och utvärdera relevanta KPI:er för logistikprestanda, samt deras inbördes relationer och påverkan. Forskningen tillämpar metoden ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling) för att utveckla en hierarkisk modell av KPI:erna och deras orsakssamband. Den tolkande strukturella modellen av indikatorerna visar att de nuvarande indikatorerna som vanligtvis används i mejeriindustrin idag inte är lämpliga för att mäta prestanda, indikatorerna påverkar inte den nuvarande prestationen avsevärt utan återspeglar snarare resultaten. I denna rapport föreslås en metod för att utvärdera prestationsmått på ett kvalitativt sätt, baserat på integrationen av ISM-metoden, MICMAC-analysen och de sju kriterierna för en KPI. ISM-metoden är en teknik för att identifiera och analysera de inbördes relationerna mellan olika delar i ett komplext system. Genom att tillämpa denna metod kan organisationer och akademiker utvärdera lämpligheten och vikten av en uppsättning eller en KPI.