O aumento crescente da complexidade dos sistemas computacionais criou a necessidade do uso de técnicas de descrição formal (TDFs) na definição, implementação e manutenção dos sistemas. Contudo, apenas a existência de técnicas de descrição formal não garante o eficiente emprego das mesmas na especificação dos sistemas. É necessária a existência de ferramentas que viabilizem o uso das TDFs de forma que estas possam ser efetivamente úteis no desenvolvimento de projetos. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos da construção de um ambiente de especificação gráfico, onde a TDF E-LOTOS (Enhancements to LOTOS) fornece os mecanismos que uma técnica de descrição deve possuir para viabilizar a consistência, verificação e validação de sistemas. A TDF é suportada através do emprego de uma nova versão gráfica para a sintaxe textual padrão de E-LOTOS. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é disponibilizar aos projetistas e desenvolvedores um ambiente de especificação onde a criação, implementação, teste e manutenção de sistemas sejam feitos de forma fácil, rápida, intuitiva e consistente. Para tal, uma nova sintaxe gráfica de E-LOTOS foi criada: o E-DART (Enhancements to DART). Foi desenvolvida também uma ferramenta que permite o uso de E-DART, o Editor E-DART. A nova sintaxe abstrai, através de diagramas, as complexidades naturais de E-LOTOS, permitindo uma compreensão mais intuitiva dos sistemas. Com o uso de E-DART as especificações construídas são validadas por uma TDF sem que o processo de criação torne-se complexo. No Editor E-DART, a rapidez na criação das especificações é alcançada com mecanismos de reuso de módulos, e com o emprego de recursos avançados de interação com o usuário. O reuso de módulos diminui o tempo total dispensado na criação de especificações porque as mesmas poderão utilizar partes já homologadas de outros sistemas, sem a necessidade de validação e testes, pois estes são procedimentos realizados anteriormente nas outras especificações. Os recursos avançados de interação, por outro lado, permitem que projetistas não familiarizados com E-LOTOS sejam ainda assim capazes de construir sistemas complexos. Além disso, profissionais que tenham experiência com a TDF têm acesso direto ao código textual E-LOTOS, o que lhes garante uma maior compreensão das especificações. / The increasing complexity of the computational systems has created the necessity of the use of formal description techniques (FDTs) in the systems definition, implementation and maintenance. However, only the existence of formal description techniques does not guarantee their efficient use in the systems specification. The existence of tools is necessary to make the use of the TDFFs possible in a way in which these techniques can be effectively useful in projects development. This work presents the results of the construction of a specification graphical environment, where E-LOTOS FDT (Enhancements to LOTOS) supplies the mechanisms that a description technique must possess to make possible the consistency, verification and validation of systems. The FDT is supported through the use of a new graphical version for the standard textual E-LOTOS syntax. The main goal of this work is to provide to designers and developers a specification environment where the creation, implementation, test and maintenance of systems are made in a easy form, fast, intuitive and consistent way. For such, a new graphical syntax of E-LOTOS was created: the E-DART (Enhancements to DART). A tool that allows the E-DART use was also developed, the E-DART Editor. The new syntax represents, through diagrams, the natural complexities of E-LOTOS, allowing a intuitive understanding of the systems. With the use of E-DART the specifications are still validated by a FDT, without turning their creation into a complex process. In the E-DART Editor, fast creation of the specifications is achieved with mechanisms of module reuse, and with the use of advanced user interaction resources. The reuse of module diminishes the total time used in the specifications creation because it will be possible to use parts already validated of other systems. The advanced interaction resources, on the other hand, allow that designers not familiarized with E-LOTOS to be able to construct complex systems. Moreover, professionals who have experience with the FDT have direct access to textual ELOTOS code, which guarantees an easier understanding of the specifications.

O aumento crescente da complexidade dos sistemas computacionais criou a necessidade do uso de técnicas de descrição formal (TDFs) na definição, implementação e manutenção dos sistemas. Contudo, apenas a existência de técnicas de descrição formal não garante o eficiente emprego das mesmas na especificação dos sistemas. É necessária a existência de ferramentas que viabilizem o uso das TDFs de forma que estas possam ser efetivamente úteis no desenvolvimento de projetos. Este trabalho apresenta os resultados obtidos da construção de um ambiente de especificação gráfico, onde a TDF E-LOTOS (Enhancements to LOTOS) fornece os mecanismos que uma técnica de descrição deve possuir para viabilizar a consistência, verificação e validação de sistemas. A TDF é suportada através do emprego de uma nova versão gráfica para a sintaxe textual padrão de E-LOTOS. O principal objetivo deste trabalho é disponibilizar aos projetistas e desenvolvedores um ambiente de especificação onde a criação, implementação, teste e manutenção de sistemas sejam feitos de forma fácil, rápida, intuitiva e consistente. Para tal, uma nova sintaxe gráfica de E-LOTOS foi criada: o E-DART (Enhancements to DART). Foi desenvolvida também uma ferramenta que permite o uso de E-DART, o Editor E-DART. A nova sintaxe abstrai, através de diagramas, as complexidades naturais de E-LOTOS, permitindo uma compreensão mais intuitiva dos sistemas. Com o uso de E-DART as especificações construídas são validadas por uma TDF sem que o processo de criação torne-se complexo. No Editor E-DART, a rapidez na criação das especificações é alcançada com mecanismos de reuso de módulos, e com o emprego de recursos avançados de interação com o usuário. O reuso de módulos diminui o tempo total dispensado na criação de especificações porque as mesmas poderão utilizar partes já homologadas de outros sistemas, sem a necessidade de validação e testes, pois estes são procedimentos realizados anteriormente nas outras especificações. Os recursos avançados de interação, por outro lado, permitem que projetistas não familiarizados com E-LOTOS sejam ainda assim capazes de construir sistemas complexos. Além disso, profissionais que tenham experiência com a TDF têm acesso direto ao código textual E-LOTOS, o que lhes garante uma maior compreensão das especificações. / The increasing complexity of the computational systems has created the necessity of the use of formal description techniques (FDTs) in the systems definition, implementation and maintenance. However, only the existence of formal description techniques does not guarantee their efficient use in the systems specification. The existence of tools is necessary to make the use of the TDFFs possible in a way in which these techniques can be effectively useful in projects development. This work presents the results of the construction of a specification graphical environment, where E-LOTOS FDT (Enhancements to LOTOS) supplies the mechanisms that a description technique must possess to make possible the consistency, verification and validation of systems. The FDT is supported through the use of a new graphical version for the standard textual E-LOTOS syntax. The main goal of this work is to provide to designers and developers a specification environment where the creation, implementation, test and maintenance of systems are made in a easy form, fast, intuitive and consistent way. For such, a new graphical syntax of E-LOTOS was created: the E-DART (Enhancements to DART). A tool that allows the E-DART use was also developed, the E-DART Editor. The new syntax represents, through diagrams, the natural complexities of E-LOTOS, allowing a intuitive understanding of the systems. With the use of E-DART the specifications are still validated by a FDT, without turning their creation into a complex process. In the E-DART Editor, fast creation of the specifications is achieved with mechanisms of module reuse, and with the use of advanced user interaction resources. The reuse of module diminishes the total time used in the specifications creation because it will be possible to use parts already validated of other systems. The advanced interaction resources, on the other hand, allow that designers not familiarized with E-LOTOS to be able to construct complex systems. Moreover, professionals who have experience with the FDT have direct access to textual ELOTOS code, which guarantees an easier understanding of the specifications.

Denna uppsats undersöker hur ett regelverk som MiFID II kan påverka förutsättningarna för samskapande i bankbranschen. Teorin i studien baseras på tjänstedominant logik och fokuserar på aspekten samskapande. För att analysera regelverkets påverkan på samskapande har studien utgått från DART-modellen, dess fyra parametrar har använts för att analysera påverkan av utvalda artiklar ur regelverket. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Företrädare för fem olika svenska banker har intervjuats om MiFID II och hur de ser dess påverkan på kundrelationerna. Resultatet visar att regelverk påverkar förutsättningarna för samskapande, framförallt avseende parametrarna Dialog och Risk/Fördelar vilka representerar förutsättning för samskapande, respektive tillgång till information för att kunna besluta om samskapande ska etableras eller inte. Uppsatsen omfattar företrädare för bankerna och deras perspektiv på samskapande relaterat till MiFID II. Författarna rekommenderar ytterligare forskning med fokus på kundperspektivet.

Ingeniero Civil en Computación / La protección de la confidencialidad de la información manipulada por los programas computacionales es abordada a nivel del código fuente con distintas técnicas. Una de ellas es tipado de seguridad para el control de flujo, que controla el nivel de seguridad donde fluye la información agregando anotaciones a las variables tipadas. La propiedad de seguridad fundamental de control de flujo es conocida como no-interferencia (noninterference), que establece que un observador público no puede obtener conocimiento desde datos confidenciales. A pesar de ser una propiedad muy atractiva, los sistemas reales la vulneran fácilmente, y necesitan mecanismos para desclasificar selectivamente alguna información. En esta dirección, Cruz et al. proponen una forma de desclasificación basada en tipos (type-based declassification), en donde se utilizan las relaciones de subtipos del lenguaje para expresar las políticas de desclasificación de los datos que maneja el programa, en una forma simple y expresiva. A pesar de que el fundamento teórico de la desclasificación basada en tipos está bien descrito, carece de una implementación que permita comprobar la utilidad práctica de la propuesta. En este trabajo, se implementa el análisis de la desclasificación basada en tipos para un subconjunto del lenguaje Dart, un lenguaje de programación de propósito general orientado a objetos desarrollado por Google. Además, se implementó un sistema de inferencia de políticas de desclasificación y una extensión para ambientes de desarrollo, con el objetivo de facilitar el trabajo al programador y mejorar su experiencia.

Target of this thesis is creation of mobile application enabling easy sharing of user's location in a group. Thesis includes analysis of needs of users, GUI and options of including new members of a group. Application is available for both major mobile platforms, iOS and Android. For that reason it was developed with tool Flutter providing multiplatform applications development. Necessary part of the application is web server written in language PHP and framework Yii2.

Improvised explosive devices (IEDs) are charged devices often used by terrorists and criminals to create public panic. When the general public is targeted by an act of terrorism, people who are not injured or killed in the explosion remain in fear until the perpetrator(s) has been apprehended. Methods that can provide investigators and first responders with prompt investigative information are required in such cases. However, information is generally not provided quickly, in part because of time-consuming techniques employed in many forensic laboratories. As a result, case report turnaround time is longer. Direct analysis in real time - mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is a promising analytical technique that can address this challenge in the Forensic Science community by permitting rapid trace analysis of energetic materials. The builder of an IED will often charge the device with materials that are readily available. The most common materials employed in the construction of IEDs are black and smokeless powder. However, other materials may include ammonia- or peroxide-based materials such as common household detergents. Smokeless powder is a propellant that is readily available to civilians. They are typically used for reloading ammunition and are sold in large quantities each year in the United States. Some states have stricter regulations than others but typically a firearms license is all that’s required to possess smokeless powder. Smokeless powder is considered a low explosive which is capable of causing an explosion if a sufficient quantity is deflagrated inside a confined container. The most commonly employed confirmatory techniques for the analysis of smokeless powder are gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). These methods often require extensive and time-consuming sample preparation procedures to prepare the powders for analysis. In addition to lengthy sample preparation procedures, GC-MS and LC-MS often require chromatographic separations that can range anywhere from 5 to 30 minutes or longer per sample. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is widely used for the field analysis of smokeless powder and can provide faster results in comparison to GC-MS or LC-MS. However, identification is limited to drift time and no structural information is provided unless coupled to a mass spectrometer. In an effort to accelerate the speed of collection and characterization of smokeless powder, an analytical approach that utilizes novel wire mesh coated with CarbopackTM X, dynamic headspace concentration and DART-MS was evaluated to determine if the approach could generate information rich chemical attribute signatures (CAS) for smokeless powder. CarbopackTM X is a graphitized carbon material that has been employed for the collection of various volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds. The goal of using CarbopackTM X coated wire mesh was to increase the collection efficiency of smokeless powder in comparison to traditional swabbing and swiping methods. DART is an ambient ionization technique that permits analysis of a variety of samples in seconds with minimal to no sample preparation and offers several advantages over conventional methods. Heating time, heating temperature and flow rate for dynamic headspace concentration were optimized using Hodgdon Lil’ Gun smokeless powder. DART-MS was compared to GC-MS and validated using the National Institute of Standards and Technology reference material 8107 (NIST RM 8107) smokeless powder standard. Additives and energetic materials from unburnt and burnt smokeless powders were rapidly and efficiently captured by the CarbopackTM X coated wire mesh and successfully detected and identified using DART-MS. The DART source temperature was evaluated with the goal of providing the most efficient desorption of the analytes adsorbed onto the wire mesh. For this to be a robust approach in forensic analysis, chemometric analysis employing predictive models was used to simplify the data and increase the confidence of assigning a mass spectrum to a particular powder. Predictive models were constructed using the machine learning techniques available in Analyze IQ Lab and evaluated for their performance in classifying three smokeless powders: Alliant Reloder 19, Hodgdon LEVERevolution and Winchester Ball 296. The models were able to accurately predict the presence or absence of these three powders from burnt residues with error rates that were less than 4%. This approach has demonstrated the capability of generating comparable data and sensitivity in a significantly shorter amount of time in comparison to GC-MS. In addition, DART-MS also permits the detection of targeted analytes that are not amenable to GC-MS. The speed and efficiency associated with both the sample preparation technique and DART-MS, and the ability to employ chemometric analysis to the generated data demonstrate an attractive and viable alternative to conventional techniques for smokeless powder analysis.

Denna kandidatrapport behandlar främst arbetsmetodiken gruppen förhöll sig till samt hur dessa metoder och arbetssätt sedan användes i projektet. Rapporten tar även upp aspekter om själva produkten som förverkligades under projektets gång, även om det inte är i fokus. Applikationsområdet för projektet är på kort sikt att hjälpa äldre personer som genomgått ett hälsosamtal att hålla uppsikt över sin hälsa på ett vetenskapligt sätt. På lång sikt är applikationsområdet att människor ska kunna replikera sina kroppar genom medicinska digitala tvillingar för att testa exempelvis effekter av läkemedel, koster och träningsmetoder. Detta är kort sagt ett koncept som har potentialen att revolutionera sjukvården och människors hälsa i en positiv riktning. I slutet av kandidatrapporten återfinns gruppmedlemmarnas individuella undersökningar.

Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats i informatik är att undersöka på vilket sätt ramverket Flutter underlättar för dagens apputvecklare i cross-plattformmiljöer. Uppsatsen belyser för- och nackdelar med Flutter utifrån apputvecklare-perspektiv. Det största problemområde från tidigare studier och forskningar inom cross-plattformutveckling är främst den undermåttliga dokumentation samt långa utvecklingstider. Denna kvalitativa studie är fokuserad på dessa problemområden och resultatet presenteras under kapitel 4 ”Resultat”. En analysmodell har utformats och använts i syfte att, för respondenter, svara på relevanta frågor där ramverket Flutter hanterar dessa viktiga problemområden. Slutsatsen av denna studie visar att det finns ett tydligt mönster där ramverktyget Flutter har satsat på att hantera dessa problemområden genom följande styrkor: Verktyget ”Hot Reload” (hjälpmedel som uppdaterar koden för att snabbt se ändringar direkt i simulatorn) Dart (ett programmeringsspråk) Dokumentation (tydlig, alltid i tid och flera olika kommunikationskanaler) Parallellt med kandidatuppsatsen har författaren utvecklat en egen app via Flutter. Syftet med denna app är att underlätta semesterplaneringen åt en avdelning på företaget AFRY. I denna kandidatuppstats används ej författarens egna upplevelser med Flutter som empiri men avslutar uppsatsen med egna reflektioner.

This thesis presents our efforts to build an operational ensemble forecasting system for the Red Sea, based on the Data Research Testbed (DART) package for ensemble data assimilation and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation ocean model (MITgcm) for forecasting. The Red Sea DART-MITgcm system efficiently integrates all the ensemble members in parallel, while accommodating different ensemble assimilation schemes. The promising ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF), designed to avoid manipulating the gigantic covariance matrices involved in the ensemble assimilation process, possesses relevant features required for an operational setting. The need for more efficient filtering schemes to implement a high resolution assimilation system for the Red Sea and to handle large ensembles for proper description of the assimilation statistics prompted the design and implementation of new filtering approaches. Making the most of our world-class supercomputer, Shaheen, we first pushed the system limits by designing a fault-tolerant scheduler extension that allowed us to test for the first time a fully realistic and high resolution 1000 ensemble members ocean ensemble assimilation system. In an operational setting, however, timely forecasts are of essence, and running large ensembles, albeit preferable and desirable, is not sustainable. New schemes aiming at lowering the computational burden while preserving reliable assimilation results, were developed. The ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI) algorithm requires only a single model integration in the forecast step, using a static ensemble of preselected members for assimilation, and is therefore computationally significantly cheaper than the EAKF. To account for the strong seasonal variability of the Red Sea circulation, an EnOI with seasonally-varying ensembles (SEnOI) was first implemented. To better handle intra-seasonal variabilities and enhance the developed seasonal EnOI system, an automatic procedure to adaptively select the ensemble members through the assimilation cycles was then introduced. Finally, an efficient Hybrid scheme combining the dynamical flow-dependent covariance of the EAKF and a static covariance of the EnOI was proposed and successfully tested in the Red Sea. The developed Hybrid ensemble data assimilation system will form the basis of the first operational Red Sea forecasting system that is currently being implemented to support Saudi Aramco operations in this basin.

Studien behandlar hur företag i den digitala kontexten kan stärka sin varumärkesidentitet med hjälp av fenomenet co-creation of value, samt vilka utmaningar och möjligheter som finns med användandet. Syftet är att undersöka hur B2C-företag som använder digital marknadsföring kan stärka sin varumärkesidentitet, med hjälp av co-creation of value och storytelling för värdeskapande. Studien ämnar även till att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur fenomenet co- creation of value kan användas i arbetet och processen i en förändrad digital kontext. Studien är en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv ansats där det empiriska materialet samlats in genom intervjuer från sju respondenter från fem olika företag, samt genom en workshop som hölls med fyra respondenter. Teorin underbyggs av forskning inom varumärkesutveckling, co-creation of value, storytelling och medieutveckling.Det har identifierats ett samband mellan de tre olika fenomenen co-creation of value, storytelling för värdeskapande och varumärkesidentitet. I studiens slutsats framgår det hur det sociala samspelet i ett medietekniskt perspektiv kan jämföras vid relationen mellan de tre olika fenomenen. Det går att konstatera att det skett ett maktskifte mellan företag och konsument då företagen inte längre äger kommunikationen. Studiens resultat påvisar att den samskapande relationen mellan företag och konsument är beroende av relevans. Vidare belyses även utvecklingen av co-creation of value i den digitala kontexten med nya tekniker, som sociala medier, som i dagens samhälle naturligt finns i vardagen. / This study discusses how companies in the digital context can strengthen their brand identity using the phenomenon co-creation of value, as well as the challenges and opportunities that exist with the use. The purpose of this study is to investigate how B2C companies that use digital marketing can strengthen their brand identity, using co-creation of value and storytelling for value creation. The study also aims to contribute to an increased understanding of how the phenomenon co-creation of value can be used in the work and the process in a changed digital context. The study is a qualitative study with an inductive approach where the empirical material was collected through interviews from seven respondents from five different companies, and through a workshop held with four respondents. The theory is supported by research within brand development, co-creation of value, storytelling and media development.The study has also identified a relation between the three different phenomena co-creation of value, storytelling for value creation and brand identity. The conclusion shows that social interaction in a media-technical perspective can be compared to the relationship between the three different phenomena. It can be noted that there has been a change of power between companies and consumers since the companies no longer own their communication. The result shows that the relationship between companies and consumers is dependent on relevance. Furthermore, the development of co-creation of value in the digital context with new technologies, such as social channels, which in today's society is naturally present in everyday life, is also illustrated.