Many older youth in foster care lack adequate resources and ongoing support in their social networks as they transition into young adulthood, while other youth in these circumstances experience stable social networks providing comprehensive support. Systematically measuring the supportive personal and service-oriented relationships in youth networks expands the scope of inquiry in this area by identifying patterns of social network structure, member composition, and relational qualities that are associated with more or less support provision through formal and informal relationships. These can also be measured over time to observe changes in network form and content and assess network stability. This exploratory study (1) describes the support networks for a small sample of youth with foster care experience who are enrolled in post-secondary education and training programs, (2) assesses changes in these networks over time, and (3) demonstrates the reliability and validity of this methodology for broader use with populations of transition-age foster youth. Findings show that family (biological and foster) and friends are the most prevalent informal supports, relationship ties to parent figures are strongest and provide the most stable and multi-dimensional support, and ties with formal service providers are not as strong, but provide more informational support. The stability of a network ties over time is associated with the breadth of support provided, and network-based social support is associated with post-secondary enrollment at follow-up. Support network profiles are described and interpreted in terms of bonding and bridging social capital. Discussion includes implications for future support network research and guidelines for pre-transition assessment of youth networks in practice.

Sociologists of punishment generally agree that the American prison exacerbates social inequality, but the mechanisms by which it does so remain somewhat fuzzy. This thesis pulls from the tradition of Pierre Bourdieu (1930-2002), a canonical theorist of power and inequality, and specifically his three "thinking tools" of field, capital, and habitus, to unveil these mechanisms. Empirically, I turn to ethnographic data I collected in a minimum-security men's prison that is generally reserved for convicts who will be released to one of the three most populated counties in Oregon. I explore how soon-to-be-released prisoners (i.e., prisoners who will be released within six months) understand and prepare for their exit. Data suggest most prisoners approaching release want to adopt an honest working class style of living, and that many take proactive steps they perceive as likely to increase their chances of accessing this lifestyle (sometimes called the "straight life"). However, I argue that any (re)integrative potential emerging from these conscious and interest-oriented strategies are at risk of being trumped by two processes I title "capital erosion" and "habitus adjustment." I frame these as unintended, but nevertheless strong, consequences of imprisonment. Ultimately, I suggest imprisonment worsens existing patterns of inequality by means of draining power from the nearly powerless and disintegrating the poorly integrated.

Nearly 23,000 youth age out of the foster care system between the ages of 18 and 21 each year in a transition fraught with challenges and barriers. These young people often lack developmentally appropriate experiences and exposure to necessary knowledge, role modeling, skill building, and long-term social support to promote positive transitions to adulthood while in foster care. As a result, young people who exit care face an array of poor adult outcomes. Nearly 60% of transition-aged foster youth experience a disability, and as such, face compounded challenges exiting foster care. While the examination of young adult outcomes for youth with disabilities has been largely missing from the literature, available research documents that young adults with disabilities who had exited foster care were significantly behind their peers without disabilities in several key areas. Literature examining the experiences of transition-aged youth with disabilities in the general population also highlights gaps in young adult outcomes for young people with disabilities compared to their peers. Compounding the issue for youth in foster care, those who experience disabilities often reside in restrictive placement settings such as developmental disability (DD) certified homes, group homes, or residential treatment centers. Though limited, there is some evidence to suggest that these types of placements negatively impact young adult outcomes for those aging out of foster care. The rules and regulations in place to promote safety in these types of placements could further restrict youth from engaging in meaningful transition preparation engagement while in foster care. Therefore, youth with disabilities, whose needs necessitate a higher level of support towards transition preparation engagement, may actually receive fewer opportunities than their peers in non-relative foster care and kinship care as they prepare to exit care into adulthood. The work in this dissertation provides knowledge to address gaps in the literature around transition preparation engagement during foster care for youth with disabilities, youth residing in restrictive foster care placements, and youth who report high levels of perceived restrictiveness as they prepare to enter into adulthood. This dissertation is a secondary analysis of transition preparation engagement data collected at baseline for 294 transition-aged youth in foster care who participated in an evaluation of an intervention to promote self-determination and enhance young adult outcomes, called My Life. Transition preparation engagement in this study was represented by eight domains: youth perceptions of preparedness for adult life, post-secondary education preparation engagement, career preparation engagement, employment, daily life preparation engagement, Independent Living Program (ILP) participation, transition planning engagement, and self-determination. Transition preparation engagement domains were examined using hierarchical multiple regression analysis to explore differences by disability status, placement setting, and youth self-report of perceptions of restrictiveness. In alignment with the literature, 58.8% of youth in this sample experienced a disability. Additional key demographics, including age, gender, and race, and foster care experiences, including length of time in care and placement instability, were entered into the regression models as covariates. Results indicated significantly less transition preparation engagement for 1) youth with disabilities compared to youth without disabilities, 2) youth residing in restrictive placements compared to youth in non-relative foster care and kinship care, and 3) youth who reported higher levels of perceived restrictiveness compared to youth who reported lower levels of perceived restrictiveness. Program, policy, and research recommendations are discussed that highlight the need to promote transition preparation engagement for this particularly vulnerable group of young people in foster care who experience disabilities, are residing in restrictive placement settings and who report high levels of perceived restrictiveness.

The subject of mental illness and the various disorders associated with it, is frequently sensationalized and capitalized upon in visual art forms. In cinema, many narratives have addressed or challenged public conceptions of mental illnesses, raising concerns about socially relatable consequences such as stigma. The main body of this thesis is structured around mental health educational films produced for didactic use within the United States during the 1950s. Following the end of the Second World War, the formation of the United Nations and the proclamation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in the late 1940s, the 1950s is argued to constitute a shift in approach on how mental health treatment was to be presented to the public. Topics such as illness, post-war, stigma and institutionalization are explored in three case studies – Man to Man (Irving Jacoby, 1953), Mental Hospital (Leyton Mabrey, 1953), and Back Into the Sun (Fergus McDonell, 1958).

The thesis named "The Institution Is My Home" aims to describe the right of people with learning disabilities choose their form home and closer forms of implementation of this right, explore the context of the emergence and selection process constitution home. An authoress theoretically specifies the right choice home sites in the plane of Human Rights and in the context of the status of a person with intellectual disabilities in society as a citizen with all human rights and duties. The text reflects in particular Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of Person with Disabilities setting the right of people to live in the community, with a choice place your home on an equal basis with others. Implementation of this law in the Czech Republic affects the continuing provision of a dual model of residential social services - community and institutional. The authoress also discusses the conflict between the decision of a person to live in an institution and a sense of social services, which must not hinder social inclusion and deepen social situation. Qualitative research presents a connection creation and the process of choosing the constitution as the home of four persons a place chosen by their home institution.

Os serviços substitutivos de assistência à saúde mental de base territorial e comunitária Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) delineiam novas práticas objetivando a inclusão social das pessoas com transtornos mentais, entre outros, por meio da construção de rede social. Para tanto, uma das proposições desses serviços é a intervenção no contexto dos usuários, buscando explorar os recursos existentes para a viabilização dos projetos de vida, os quais devem possibilitar transformações concretas no cotidiano. O objeto de estudo desta pesquisa são as intervenções no território como uma prática cotidiana do serviço e justifica-se pela necessidade do desenvolvimento de investigações que possam vir a colaborar na ruptura com procedimentos psiquiátricos tradicionais. O referencial teórico-metodológico é a teoria da vida cotidiana proposta por Agnes Heller e as categorias analíticas responsáveis por nortear este estudo são: Território e Reabilitação Psicossocial. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com a finalidade de identificar e discutir as possibilidades das práticas territoriais na produção de mudanças no cotidiano dos usuários. Para tanto, elegemos como objetivos: compreender a representação que a equipe multiprofissional tem sobre território e serviço de saúde mental de base territorial; identificar as ações territoriais realizadas pelo serviço de saúde mental de base comunitária, bem como analisar os objetivos que as orientam; compreender, a partir da perspectiva de usuários e não usuários, se essas ações expressam potencialidades para transformações no cotidiano. O campo do estudo constituiu-se em um dos CAPS III da cidade de Campinas/SP e os colaboradores desta pesquisa foram os trabalhadores de saúde mental, os usuários e não usuários do serviço. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, sessões de grupo focal e observações. A análise dos dados foi realizada sob o enfoque da Análise do Discurso e como resultado houve o reconhecimento das seguintes categorias empíricas: Território, Processo de Trabalho e Cotidiano. Ainda que sejam destinados a isso e criados como serviços comunitários e territoriais, os CAPS não o são de imediato e é por isso que constatamos a existência de intervenções voltadas a um cuidado em liberdade, coexistindo com concepções que se pretende desconstruir. Ao serem explicitadas as contradições e os significados revelados nos discursos, tomando-os como veículo das ideologias presentes nos demais serviços, torna-se factível o esclarecimento de condutas atreladas ao modo asilar e, a partir disso, é possível trilhar caminhos singulares em cada território onde se encontram os serviços, para a produção de práticas no território que venham a superar lógicas impertinentes ao campo psicossocial. / The substitutive services in mental health assistance of territorial and communitarian base - the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS ), delineate new practices which intend for the social inclusion of people with mental illnesses among others, by means of constructing a social network. One of the propositions of these services is the intervention in the users´ context, attempting to explore the existent resources for the feasibility of life projects, which in turn should enable concrete transformations in everyday life. The object of study in this research are the interventions in the territory as a daily practice of the service, justified by the necessity of developing investigations which could come to collaborate in the rupture of traditional psychiatric procedures. The theoretical and methodological reference is the theory of everyday life proposed by Agnes Heller and the analytical categories responsible for directing this study are: Territory and Psychosocial Rehabilitation. The study case aims to identify and discuss the possibilities of territorial practices producing changes in the users´ everyday life. For this we selected the following objectives: to comprehend the representation that the multi professional team has over territory and mental health service of territorial base; to identify territorial actions carried out by the mental health service of communitarian base as well as analyse the objectives which guide them; to understand, from the users´ and nonusers´ perspective, if these actions express potentialities for transformations in everyday life. The study took place in one of the CAPS III of the city of Campinas/SP, and the collaborators of this research were the mental health professionals and the users and nonusers of the service. The data was collected by means of semi structured interviews, focal group sessions and observations. The analysis of the data was undertaken under the scope of Speech Analysis and as a result there was recognition of the following empirical categories: Territory, Work Process and Everyday Life. Although they are meant for this and created as communitarian and territorial services, the CAPS aren´t this way immediately and it is because if this, that we verify the existence of interventions directed towards care in liberty, coexisting with conceptions which are intended to be deconstructed. As contradictions are expressed and their meanings revealed in the speeches, grasping them as a vehicle of the present ideologies in other services, makes it possible to clarify conducts linked to the shelter mode; and from this, it is possible to trail singular paths in each territory where these services are found, for the production of practices in the territory which can overcome impertinent argumentations to the psychosocial field.

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa cujo objeto de estudo é a Copa da Inclusão, mais precisamente a ação dos trabalhadores na Copa da Inclusão (seus processos de trabalho), o sentido do seu saber e do seu fazer, buscando compreender se tal ação leva em consideração a complexidade do objeto de intervenção, ou seja, a vida real do usuário de serviços de saúde mental. Tem a finalidade de contribuir para a efetivação e consolidação da Reforma Psiquiátrica brasileira e do campo psicossocial, por isso se propôs os seguintes objetivos: a) Caracterizar o perfil profissional do trabalhador responsável pela organização da Copa da Inclusão; b) Compreender seus processos de trabalho na Copa da Inclusão; c) Analisar se estes processos de trabalho produzem transformações no cotidiano do serviço. O cenário de estudo é a Copa da Inclusão. Participam deste estudo seis sujeitos, trabalhadores responsáveis pela coordenação das atividades relacionadas à Copa da Inclusão em seis serviços da Prefeitura Municipal de São Paulo (um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Álcool e Drogas - CAPS AD -, quatro Centros de Atenção Psicossocial II - CAPS II - e um Centro de Convivência e Cooperativa - CECCO). Os dados empíricos foram coletados por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada e analisados segundo a técnica de análise de enunciação. Os resultados apontam importantes transformações na vida dos usuários coerentes com as finalidades dos processos de trabalho definidas a priori pelos trabalhadores, ou seja, ampliação da rede social, desenvolvimento da autonomia, melhoria na qualidade de vida e resgate da cidadania dos usuários. Também é possível verificar que os instrumentos utilizados (pessoais, institucionais e intersetoriais), estão adequados para atingir tais finalidades. Além disso, existe coerência na eleição do objeto de trabalho, considerado uma pessoa ativa na construção de sua cidadania. As transformações na vida dos serviços confirmam que na relação dialética entre os meios de trabalho (instrumentos) e os objetos de trabalho ambos são transformados, ou seja, de um lado o objeto passa a apresentar demandas mais complexas, por outro lado o serviço é convocado a desenvolver instrumentos de intervenção mais sofisticados. Tais transformações dizem respeito à ampliação das ações do serviço no território, maior entrosamento entre os trabalhadores dos serviços possibilitando o trabalho em equipe com características interdisciplinares, organização e planejamento das ações de saúde relacionadas à Copa, mudança no papel (poder) do trabalhador na relação com os outros trabalhadores e com os usuários e a incorporação de novos atores com seus saberes no campo psicossocial. As transformações na vida da sociedade, relacionadas à cultura e imaginário coletivo sobre a loucura, apontam para uma maior participação de pessoas da comunidade nas atividades relacionadas à Copa e a diminuição do estigma social da loucura, fruto das atividades preparatórias da Copa da Inclusão. A Copa da Inclusão prova que as atividades intersetoriais com a participação da comunidade são um trabalho vivo em ato, utiliza instrumentos de intervenção potentíssimos no resgate e construção da cidadania das pessoas portadoras de transtornos mentais. As transformações (finalidades dos processos de trabalho), neste caso, podem estar ocorrendo porque o projeto de intervenção não é mais centrado na doença, ou seja, o objeto de trabalho destes serviços foi ampliado e complexificado. Por fim, conclui-se que à medida que os trabalhadores (força de trabalho), frente às dificuldades para a realização de seus processos de trabalho, mobilizam-se para superá-las, criam meios para a consolidação do modelo de atenção psicossocial e superação do modelo asilar. O trabalhador necessário ao campo psicossocial é aquele que tem consciência práxica do seu fazer, é aquele que produz e reproduz conhecimentos com a finalidade clara de transformar as realidades / This is a qualitative research in which the object of study is the Inclusion Cup, more precisely the action of the workers in the Inclusion Cup (their praxis), the meaning of their knowledge and their practice, looking for the understanding if such action takes into consideration the complexity of the object of intervention, in short, the real life of the users of mental health services. It has the purpose of contributing for the effectiveness and consolidation of the Brazilian Psychiatric Reform and the psychosocial field, so it has been proposed the following objectives: a) Defining the professional profile of the worker responsible for the organization of the Inclusion Cup; b) Understanding their praxis in the Inclusion Cup; c) Analyzing whether these working praxis produce transformation in the daily job. The scenery of study is the Inclusion Cup. Six people participate on this program, workers responsible for the coordination of the activities related to the Inclusion Cup in six services of Sao Paulo City Hall (a Psychosocial Attention Center of Alcohol and Drugs – CAPS AD -, four Psychosocial Attention Centers II – CAPS II – and a Center of Acquaintanceship and Cooperative – CECCO). The empirical data were collected by semi structured interview and analyzed according to the technique of enunciation analysis. The results point out important changing in the users’ lives coherent with the aims of the praxis defined firstly by the workers, in short, the extension of the social network, the development of the autonomy, the improvement in the quality of life and the rescue of the citizenship of the users. It’s also possible to verify that the tools used (personal, institutional and inter-sector) are adequate to achieve such aims. Besides, there is coherence in the selection of the object of work, considering an active person in the construction of their citizenship. The transformation in the lives of the services confirm that in the dialectical relation between the resources of work (tools) and the objects of work both are transformed, in short, on the one hand the object starts to present more complex demand, on the other hand the service is called to develop instruments of intervention more sophisticated. Such changes concern to the extension of the actions of the service in the territory, more connection among the workers of the services making possible the team work with interdisciplinary characteristics, organization and planning of the actions in health related to the Cup, changes in the worker’s role (power) in the relationships with the other workers and the users and the incorporation of new actors with their knowledge in psychosocial field. The transformations in life in society, related to culture and collective unconscious about madness, indicate a bigger participation of the people from the community in the activities related to the Cup and the reduction of the social stigma of madness, result from the preparatory activities for the Inclusion Cup. The Inclusion Cup proves that the inter-sector activities with the participation of the community are a live work in attitude, it uses mental tools. The transformations (the purpose of the praxis), in this case, can be happening because the project of intervention is not centralized on the disease, in short, the object of praxis of these services has been extended and made developed more complex. Finally, it could have been concluded that as the workers (labor force), facing difficulties to accomplish their praxis, they mobilize to surmount them, create ways for the consolidation of the psychosocial attention model and surmount the asylum model. The needed worker to the psychosocial field is the one who has clear definition of the praxis, the one who produces and reproduces knowledge with the clear purpose of changing realities

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:31:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carolina Galvao de Oliveira.pdf: 783951 bytes, checksum: 107dbb575f2926af3cba4ef4394af5db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-11 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this study we intended to follow user embracement practices in the everyday life of an Alcohol and Drugs Psychosocial Attention Center (CAPS ad) located in the city of Campinas (SP), and analyze the care assistance produced in relations between workers and users of the service. To achieve these intentions in nine months of empirical research, we used observations, everyday conversations, interviews and one workshop with the CAPS workers. We used the French Institutional Analysis references and field diaries as a tool for the production of research data and to analyze the implications of the researcher, in a denaturalized perspective. To help our analysis, we searched for the polysemy notions of care and user embracement in the health field and its links to the drugs public politics. We also used ideas of the Collective Health field, which refer user embracement as a work methodology and a reorganization strategy for health services as well, operating soft technologies of relations. Through everyday conversations we were able to describe different practices of user embracement and distinguish situations that interrogates the workers potencial to create new responses to the problems faced, just as traditional psychiatric vestiges as well. We were able to identify that when user embracement practices are dedicated to the users most distinctive expressions, they show potential to increase the access to health care in a Risk and Harm Reduction perspective, stimulating deinstitutionalization processes at mental health, alcohol and drugs field / Nesta pesquisa buscamos acompanhar as práticas de acolhimento realizadas no cotidiano de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial álcool e outras drogas (CAPS ad) no município de Campinas (SP), e analisar a produção do cuidado nos encontros entre trabalhadores e usuários. Para isso foram realizadas observações, conversas, entrevistas e uma oficina com os trabalhadores, ao longo de nove meses de pesquisa empírica. Nos valemos dos referenciais da Análise Institucional Francesa ao utilizarmos os diários de campo para a produção dos dados da pesquisa e para analisar as implicações do pesquisador, numa perspectiva desnaturalizadora. Nosso campo de análise percorreu a polissemia das noções de cuidado e de acolhimento em saúde e seus desdobramentos na articulação com as políticas públicas voltadas para usuários de álcool e outras drogas. Também nos apoiamos em referenciais do campo da Saúde Coletiva, que entendem o acolhimento como metodologia de trabalho e como arranjo organizacional dos serviços, operando as tecnologias leves de relação. Através das conversas que se dão no cotidiano, pudemos caracterizar diferentes modos de se acolher os usuários, destacando situações que põem em análise o potencial dos trabalhadores para criar novas respostas aos problemas enfrentados no dia a dia do serviço, bem como resquícios do modelo psiquiátrico tradicional que insistem em se reproduzir. Pudemos identificar que as práticas de acolhimento, quando acionadas com o foco nas expressões de vida mais singulares dos usuários, têm o potencial de ampliar o acesso ao cuidado em saúde na perspectiva da redução de danos, produzindo mais substâncias para o cuidado e impulsionando processos de desinstitucionalização no campo da saúde mental, álcool e outras drogas

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Arisson Jose de Lima Caminotto.pdf: 2781740 bytes, checksum: 05a37fa1805d315962b4eead79de10bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-17 / Elderly aged 60 and over are gradually gaining greater representation within the Brazilian population as a whole, is the growing increase in its proportion, as the economic and social implications that this fact implies. With an ageing population, is the remarkable increase in the number of elderly people seeking care because of problems of physical and mental health, and essential knowledge of the fact that population for the implementation of appropriate measures that result in aging and quality. According to epidemiological evidence on Geriatrics, as specialty, acquires key role in the public health system, both in relation to direct medical care to patients and the training of human resources in other areas involved in the process. This study proposes a project for the deployment of community service, open, regional reference of multidisciplinary and specialized care to the elderly. Because of ageing also occur in psychiatric institutions where there are long-stay patients and the lack of studies in the literature search, it was aimed to seek a new focus of analysis for deinstitutionalisation unit of study, the CRCB, then become a Centre Reference through a project of assistance to full health of the elderly in DRS - XIV / Idosos com 60 anos e mais vêm ganhando gradualmente maior representatividade dentro da população brasileira como um todo, seja pelo crescente aumento de sua proporção, como pelas implicações econômicas e sociais que esse fato acarreta. Com o envelhecimento da população, é notório o aumento do número de idosos que procuram atendimento devido a problemas de saúde física e mental, sendo imperativo o conhecimento da realidade dessa população para a implementação de medidas adequadas que resultem num envelhecimento com qualidade. De acordo com as evidências epidemiológicas a Geriatria, como especialidade, adquire papel fundamental no sistema de saúde pública, tanto em relação ao cuidado médico direto ao paciente como na capacitação dos recursos humanos em outras áreas envolvidas no processo. O presente estudo propõe um projeto para a implantação de serviço comunitário, aberto, referência regional de atendimento especializado e multidisciplinar ao idoso. Pelo fato do envelhecimento ocorrer também em instituições psiquiátricas onde existam pacientes de longa permanência e pela carência de estudos na literatura pesquisada, objetivou-se buscar um novo foco de análise para a desinstitucionalização da unidade estudada, o CRCB, para então tornar-se num Centro de Referência através de um projeto de assistência integral à saúde do idoso na DRS XIV

In 1963, President John F. Kennedy signed the Mental Retardation and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act, establishing the beginnings of deinstitutionalization in the United States. By some counts, this Act was a stupendous policy success—by others, a dismal failure. 50 years later, no cohesive national mental health care policy has emerged to deal with increased rates of mental illness among the homeless and the incarcerated. However, California has made enormous strides to create a state policy which provides adequate services to the mildly, moderately, and severely mentally ill as well as adequate funding for those services through Proposition 63, the Mental Health Services Act, passed in 2004. This paper reviews mental health policy history from Colonial America to the present, paying special attention to JFK's deinstitutionalization in 1963 and the discontents that followed. It takes a special look at California's mental health care policy history and the strides the state has made to better serve the mentally ill.