Poliser arbetar under tuffa arbetsförhållanden som utgör hög arbetsbelastning och höga krav, dessa kan resultera i diverse stressförhållanden. Syftet med denna uppsats var att ta reda på polisers upplevelse av stressrelaterade faktorer som är kopplade till kraven i arbetet, samt hur de hanterar dessa. För att få en mer djupgående inblick i polisers arbetssituation användes kvalitativ ansats där nio poliser intervjuades, från två olika kommuner i Sverige. Resultatet visade att polisernas upplevelse av stress är kopplade till de krav de har i arbetet, hög arbetsbelastning som tillkommer utav personalbrist, treskiftsarbete, långa uttryckningsvägar och vetskapen om att de kan tvingas använda vapen. Treskift visar ha en inverkan på individernas hälsa genom de oregelbundna tider de ställs inför. Det ställs höga krav från chefer på att utföra alla de arbetsuppgifter de blir tilldelade, vilket försvåras genom bristen på personal. Samtliga innehar kontrollmöjligheter genom att kunna fatta beslut, medan arbetsuppgifterna inte går att påverka. Långa uttryckningsvägar utgör en stress där avståndet till förstärkning är långt bort. Hur samtliga informanter hanterar dessa faktorer är i första hand med hjälp av stöd av kollegor. Kamratstödet är något alla betonar av stor vikt samtidigt som de många gånger önskat ett större stöd av chefer vid jobbiga händelser. En slutsats som kan dras är att Polismyndigheten uppvisat brister i att förebygga dessa orsaksfaktorer som informanterna lyft upp. / Polices working in tough working conditions with high workload and high demands, that can result in various stressconditions. The purpose of this essay were to investtigate polices experiences of stress related factors wich is connected to the demands in work and how this is handled. To get a more deep insight in polices working situation, used a qualitative approach were nine polices was interviewed, from two different municipalities in Sweden. The questions of the essay were how the police’s demands, control and support is. The other was how the demands and stress are handled. The result showed that the polices feel a stress in their work due to the high demands and the shortfall of polices, high workload and the knowledge of maybe need to use weapon. Three-shift shows have an impact on the health at the individuals, because of the irregular times they have during the work. The leaderships have high demands that all the tasks are completed, wich is difficult because of the shortfall of police’s. All have control opportunities by being able to make decisions, while the tasks in work cannot be controlled. Long emergency routes made a stress, were the distance to strengthening is far away. How all handle this factors is firstly with help of colleagues. The peer support is something everyone emphasizes like a big importance, at the same time they wished a bigger support from the leadership in more difficult events. One conclusion of this is that the police authority has shown deficiencies in preventing these cause factors wich the informants highlighted.

A crise financeira que assolou a Ásia no ano de 1997 demonstrou que a China possuía, igualmente seus vizinhos asiáticos, problemas em sua estrutura econômica e financeira. Os chineses reagiram a esta crise implementando uma política que contemplasse a expansão de sua demanda doméstica e a formação nas próximas décadas de uma economia continental que consolidasse o poder estatal sob o território e a sociedade do país. As condições objetivas para esse enfrentamento foram criadas ao longo de 20 anos de política de Reforma e Abertura: capacidade produtiva, sistema de intermediação financeira e o efetivo controle do Estado Nacional em todos os terrenos da governança chinesa. O verificado alavancamento dos investimentos nas infra-estruturas em energia e transportes constitui, assim, meio para abrir um novo ciclo de desenvolvimento econômico com expansão considerável de sua demanda doméstica e ao mesmo tempo viabilizar a formação de uma economia continental com impactos no mundo semelhantes aos verificados no momento em que os Estados Unidos da América consolidaram seu atual território na segunda metade do século XIX. / The financial crises that desolated Asia in 1997 has demonstrated that China, by the same way of the Asiatic neighbors, had economical and financial structures problems. The Chinese government reacted to this crisis with a policy that can lead with the extension of it domestic demand and the formation on the next decades of a continental economy to consolidate the power of the State beneath the country territory and society. The objective conditions of this confrontation were created along by 20 years of policies of Reform and Opening: productive capacity, intermediary financial system and the effective control of the National State on every branch of activities of the Chinese governance. The verified uptake of investments on infrastructure of energy and transports constitutes a mean to open a new cycle of economical development and simultaneously a considerable expansion of China's domestic demands and to make possible the formation of a continental economy with similar impacts to the world as can be verified at moment in which the United States of America has consolidated it's actual territory, in the second half of 19th Century.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Christine Santos de Campos.pdf: 2273388 bytes, checksum: 4f4de2f70f4f70ca5e16aa18e80f5108 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-02 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis has as research object the management and its expressions on daily basis of work processes from social workers that act in different Brazilian municipalities, aiming to analyze how the emerging professional demands, particularly within the performance in public agencies with the management of social policies, configure the exercise and training of a Social Worker today. In this sense, I start with the presumption that the recognition of the inability of current professional demands, as to the prosecution of the social policy management in the several government levels, which is linked to the professionals lack of clarity about their duties and responsibilities in these places, as well as the complexity of the actions derived from them involving a deep domain and articulation of technical and political dimensions of professional work. Therefore, the theoretical path passed through the discussion contents on the management and their expression in the work processes, in the organization of the Brazilian state, considering the particularities of management reform occurred in the 1990s and administrative political decentralization, transferring the responsibilities to sub-national instances. Starting from this new configuration, I try to show the centrality that the management is replaced in the practice and training of social workers from professional demands placed when it is asked to work with the management of social policies operationalized by different municipalities. The methodology was based on the qualitative approach and on the documentary research. As data collection sources, were utilized public procurement notices, made in the last five years in different municipalities, available via internet and resumes, also available via Internet, from schools of social work affiliated with the Brazilian Association of Education and Research Social Services, in 2012. It was found that the demands are mainly from the social welfare and health policies, and that they concentrate activities related to labor management, financial management and information management. The complexity of the activities included in the demands is essential for the (re) organization of work processes and to (re) think the (re) organization of content needed for the training of social workers / A presente tese tem como objeto de pesquisa a gestão e suas expressões no cotidiano dos processos de trabalho dos assistentes sociais que trabalham nos diferentes municípios brasileiros, objetivando analisar como as demandas profissionais emergentes, particularmente no âmbito da atuação em órgãos públicos com a gestão de políticas sociais, configuram o exercício e a formação profissional do assistente social na atualidade. Nesse sentido, parto do pressuposto de que a incapacidade de reconhecimento das demandas profissionais presentes atualmente, quanto ao exercício da gestão de políticas sociais nos vários níveis governamentais, está vinculada à falta de clareza, por parte dos profissionais, quanto a suas atribuições e competências nesses espaços, bem como da complexidade das ações daí derivadas que envolvem um profundo domínio e articulação das dimensões técnicas e políticas do trabalho profissional. Para tanto, o caminho teórico percorrido passou pela discussão de conteúdos sobre a gestão e suas expressões nos processos de trabalho, na organização do Estado brasileiro, considerando as particularidades da reforma gerencial ocorrida na década de 1990 e da descentralização político-administrativa, transferindo reponsabilidades para as instâncias subnacionais. Partindo desta nova configuração, procuro demonstrar a centralidade que a gestão passa a ter no exercício profissional e para a formação do assistente social a partir de demandas profissionais colocadas quando este é requisitado para trabalhar com a gestão de políticas sociais operacionalizadas por diferentes municípios brasileiros. A metodologia baseou-se na abordagem qualitativa e na pesquisa documental. Como fonte de coleta de dados, foram utilizados os editais de concursos públicos, realizados nos últimos cinco anos em diferentes municípios brasileiros, disponibilizados via internet e os currículos, também disponibilizados via internet, das escolas de Serviço Social filiadas à Associação Brasileira de Ensino e Pesquisa em Serviço Social, no ano de 2012. Verificou-se que majoritariamente as demandas são provenientes das políticas de assistência social e saúde e que se concentram atividades relacionadas à gestão do trabalho, gestão financeira e gestão de informações. A complexidade das atividades inclusas nas demandas é determinante para a (re)organização dos processos de trabalho e para (re)pensar a (re)organização dos conteúdos necessários para a formação dos assistentes sociais

The purpose of this study was to examine the physical demands of a high school American football scrimmage. Male high school football players (N = 25) participated in a spring scrimmage. Global positioning system data and game film were recorded throughout the entirety of the scrimmage to determine the total distance covered, the distance covered in different velocity bands, the number of accelerations and decelerations performed, and the work-to-rest ratio of the scrimmage. The athletes were divided into 2 groups: linemen (L) (N = 7) vs. nonlinemen (NL) (N = 8) for statistical analysis, and independent T-tests with Holm's sequential Bonferroni adjustment were used to determine differences in movement characteristics between the L and NL groups. Average play duration was 5.7 ± 2.1 seconds, whereas the rest interval was 33.4 ± 13.6 seconds between plays, for an overall exercise-to-rest ratio of 1:5.9. Total distance, standing and walking distance, running distance, striding distance, sprinting distance, and total high-speed running distance covered by NL was greater than L (statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05). Distances traveled in each velocity band by position and by play are also included to provide context of our findings. Data from the present study add to the pool of support for the use of position-specific training in preparing high school football players for competition.

Frontline service personnel (FSP) play an invaluable role in the marketing mix by directly influencing the customers perception of both the service organization as well as the service quality during the face-to-face delivery service encounter (Ashforth and Humphrey 1993). The purpose of this dissertation is to examine how sources of job stress for FSP such as perceived customer demands, role ambiguity, role conflict, role overload, and emotional labor and various mediators such as job autonomy, emotional intelligence, and emotion-focused coping directly and indirectly influence job stress and outcome variables such as attitudes, behaviors, physical consequences, emotional exhaustion, job performance, and intentions. Research from frontline social service personnels (FSSP) perspective was collected in three phases: 1) eight personal in-depth interviews to determine the fit of the constructs in the model in a social service environment, 2) a cognitive response survey gathered from 86 FSSP to identify appropriate line items, and 3) a survey questionnaire gathered from 533 members of the National Association of Social Workers-Florida. Psychometrically sound scales developed and purified in the study demonstrated reliability and validity. These scales were then used to examine the structural model. Structural equation modeling, correlations, and regression analyses were used to examine relationships in the model. Results of the study indicated that self-management of emotionally-based behavior was significant in the creation and reduction of job stress. Findings suggest that the influence of emotional-based behavior plays a significant role in job performance at the social service encounter and indirectly influences intention to switch and intention to leave.

As the baby boomer generation move inexorably towards retirement and the requirement for health care services increases, the supply of nurses available to provide care at the patient bedside is forecast to fall significantly short of demand. This thesis has explored the perspectives of midlife nurses, asking what it would take to keep them in bedside practice until retirement. These nurses have provided insights which offer employers of valuable senior nurses, suggestions for maximising their potential. Through the use of questionnaires and focus groups nurses aged 45 years and over were asked what the employer can do to ensure that they are able to continue to work at the patient bedside until they reach the age of retirement. The results of this research demonstrate a workforce of nurses who are passionate and committed to their profession, but feeling disillusioned and disempowered. The nursing environment has changed over the span of their career and they find the increased workload, together with increasing professional demands, too hard to cope with. They feel they have no control over their workload, their shift patterns, or the expectations of their patients and colleagues. They want their experience to be recognized but they do not want to have to prove competency; they want to have a voice but they are unwilling to pursue postgraduate education to learn how to become visible and emancipated.

Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists. Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road) completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT), semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and criterium (CRIT) road races. Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf. These results indicate that success in international MTB racing requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.

<p>The objectives of this study was to test the Transition Monitoring Survey (TMS) and to</p><p>examine similarities and differences in the transition experiences between athletes in the</p><p>beginning of the transition and in the middle of the transition from junior to senior sport. A</p><p>pilot study (n = 10) was conducted with a combination of survey and debriefing. The main</p><p>study (n =135) was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Participants were divided</p><p>into two groups; athletes in the beginning and athletes in the middle of the transition. The</p><p>results showed thirteen significant differences in demands, coping strategies, resources and</p><p>perceived stress. Athletes in the middle of the transition showed more adaptation to the</p><p>transition process then athletes in the beginning. The study also shows that the TMS works</p><p>well. The results are discussed based on frameworks and previous research.</p>

<p>Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva i vilka situationer IVA-sjuksköterskor upplever stress och hur de hanterar stressen i det vardagliga arbetet. Studien hade en beskrivande design med kvalitativ ansats. I studien deltog 10 intensivvårdssjuksköterskor. Inklusionskriterierna var att sjuksköterskorna skulle ha en specialistutbildning, och de skulle ha arbetat mer än ett år som intensivvårdsjuksköterska. Data samlades in med en semistrukturerad intervju som varade mellan 7 till 25 minuter. De teman som växte fram under bearbetning av data var ´Låg påverkansmöjlighet, höga arbetskrav och avsaknad av bekräftelse leder till rädsla för att tappa kontrollen´, Obalans mellan krav och bemanning´ samt ´Stödjande faktorer och eget ansvar kan minska stressupplevelsen´. Slutresultatet visade på att IVA-sjuksköterskor upplevde stress i situationer när arbetskraven var för många och ledde till oro för att tappa kontrollen. De höga kraven och otillräcklig bemanning ledde till en obalans där IVA-sjuksköterskorna upplevde otillräcklighet i sitt arbete. Stöd från arbetskollegorna samt individuella sätt att hantera den egna stressen, ansågs vara ett sätt att hantera stress på arbetsplatsen bland intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna. Sammanfattningsvis kan sägas att IVA-sjuksköterskorna upplevde stress på sin arbetsplats av olika orsaker samt att hanteringen av stressen skedde främst via ventilering med arbetskollegor.</p> / <p>The aim of the study was to describe in what situations Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses experiences stress and how they cope with the stress in the ordinary work. The study had a descriptive design with a qualitative approach. Ten intensive care nurses took part in the study. The inclusions criteria were that the nurses had an education in intensive care and had worked more than a year as an intensive care nurse. The data were collected with a semi- structured interview that lasted between 7 to 25 minutes. The themes developed from the data were ‘Low influence possibility, high work demands and lack of confirmation leads to fear of loosing the control’, ‘Imbalance between demands and number of staff’, and ‘Supportive factors and own responsibility can reduce the stress experience’ The final result showed that nurses experience stress in situations when the work demands were to high which led to anxiety of loosing control. High demands and insufficient number of staff led to an imbalance and the nurses felt inadequacy in their work. Support from the colleagues and own individual ways to handle the stress, were considered to be ways to cope with it among the nurses. To sum up, the intensive care nurses experienced stress their workplace from various causes and they coped with their stress principally through ventilation with their colleagues.</p>

<p>The sick building syndrome (SBS) comprises eye, nose, skin, and throat symptoms, headache and fatigue. Gender, personality aspects, and psychosocial factors at work have lately been at focus in health research. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between SBS and personal factors, personality traits, and psychosocial work stress. Two different populations were studied: a cohort of 195 subjects working in suspected “sick buildings” followed 1988-1999, and a random sample of 695 subjects from the Swedish population, 20-65 y. Two personality scales were used; the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and the Sense of Coherence (SOC). Two stress questionnaires were used: the 3-dimensional demands-control-support model (DCS) and the Assessment of Perceived Psychosocial Work Environment (PPWE). SBS and personal factors were assessed by a postal symptoms questionnaire and a symptom score (SC) was calculated. Personality was assessed by means of two verbal personality scales, the KSP and the SOC. Females in problem buildings had more SBS than men, and females had a lower SOC and more anxiety and aggressivity in the KSP. Females and males in the general working population reported differences in psychosocial work environment. Moreover, the associations between personality traits and SBS, and between DCS and SBS, differed between males and females. Over all, the investigated occupants of suspected sick-buildings were within the normal range for both KSP and SOC norms. However, those with symptoms showed prominent personality vulnerability, especially in anxiety, aggressivity, and lower SOC, compared to those that were not reporting symptoms. Female gender, low age, asthma, and a history of atopy were related to SBS in the general working population. A combination of low social support and either passive, strained, or active work situation, as well as a combination of high social support and active work situation, were associated with SBS. In conclusion, measurements of personality and psychosocial work environment could be of value in future studies on environmental syndromes. Moreover, the demans-control-support model can predict SBS, but in a more complex way than indicated by earlier research. </p>