Thesis (Ph. D.)--Duquesne University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-206).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Delaware, 2009. / Principal faculty advisor: Danilo Yanich, School of Urban Affairs & Public Policy. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A. in National Security Affairs)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2005. / Thesis Advisor(s): Anne Clunan, Mikhail Tsypkin. Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-91). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-146).

No description available.

This thesis investigates the representation of Nigeria in the British news media. Using a multi-disciplinary approach, it examines the interplay of culture, race, ideology and geo-political power relations in the production of news. It interrogates the influence of sources, the impact of sources-media relations and their direct consequences on the construction as news of Nigeria’s socio-economic and human development indices, which further signpost the direction of representation of the world’s most populous black nation. By considering the coverage of Nigeria in the UK news media between 1997 and 2007, a period which marked a watershed in the democratic evolution of Nigeria, this thesis contributes to the on-going debates regarding cultural understanding in a globalized community. First, the research is based on a content analysis of the coverage of Nigeria in five UK quality newspapers at a period marking the end of the political logjam that engulfed the country following the annulment of the June 12, 1993 elections; the return to democratic rule and the early years of democracy, which witnessed the successful transfer of power from one civilian administration to another for the first time in Nigeria’s history. Second, a critical discourse analysis of a sample of the coverage of the most mentioned issues in the reportage, and third, on a small set of interviews with some of the journalists involved in the coverage. As a framework for its analysis, this thesis focuses on the theories of cultural politics, representation and news discourse. It finds that the coverage of Nigeria does not just follow the pattern of a distant and differentiated ‘Other,’ but is also significantly influenced by pre-colonial cum colonial history and geo-political power relations. Though news media outlets and individual journalists do try, within their own powers, to make a difference but the fact that the myths supporting these assumptions have been institutionalised over time presents a huge challenge. The issues in the coverage are discursively constructed from western point of view with greater access to shape the news clearly domiciled in the pouch of European or western sources rather than the Nigerians who should have a better appreciation of their local circumstance. This kind of coverage informs the idea of applying western solution to Africa’s problem, which further compounds the crisis. The fact that this manifest pattern of representation obfuscates the real issue behind Africa’s situation and presents imminent dangers to our common humanity are the core concerns contextualized within the thesis. It is negotiated with references to relevant dimensions of culture, politics, news discourse and interpreted in the light of geo-political power relations.

This work reviews the process of updating of citizenship education in the Czech Republic, France and Germany. The introductory part of the text outlines the current situation of citizenship and political education in the European context. The following part presents differences in citizenship education in the above mentioned European countries, with reference to the particular historical, political and philosophical development. The third part reviews the context of the actual challenges related to the concept of citizenship education, and the significance of its updated reformulation. The three selected aspects are: democratic values in society, lifelong learning, and the role of media (as informers and influencers). The fourth part of the text is devoted to the problem of hater on the network, as a topic which binds the political, multicultural and media education topics. The summary outlines differences and similarities within particular national systems of citizenship education. Keywords Citizenship Education, Political Education, Adult Education, Lifelong Learning, Democracy, Media, Europe, the Czech Republic, France, Germany

Tout au long de notre recherche, nous avons prouvé que le griot est celui qui parvient à remonter le cours du temps par la parole. Ce qui permet aux historiens de refaire l’histoire du continent africain restée longtemps dans l’oralité. Cette communication orale portée par le griot requiert un manque d’objectivité mais a tout de même une importance capitale dans la société africaine. Tout comme les médias rapportent des faits, le griot, grâce à sa maîtrise de la parole et par le truchement des éléments expressifs et les instruments de musique publie lui aussi les faits marquants sa cité et parvient ainsi à participer au processus démocratique de la Guinée. Prenant de plus en plus en charge le commentaire politique, le griot marie l’histoire pour produire de l’idéologie, en établissant une continuité historique conforme au présent. Le griot n’hésite pas à s’inclure dans la peau des personnages, à louanger les promesses du chef pour lequel il travaille. Exactement comme le font les médias africains qui ont eux aussi tendance à louanger les acteurs politiques. L’humour du griot dans les critiques faites contre les politiques, contribue au processus démocratique. Mais la conception de la liberté des médias, est un objectif à atteindre en Afrique, pour aider son développement durable. Force est de reconnaître que le concept de la liberté des médias est constitutionnalisé en Guinée et au Bénin, dans le but d’une perspective de volonté de changement de la culture des médias mais n’est pas totalement garantie. Au Bénin comme en Guinée, la crainte est toujours palpable chez les citoyens qui veulent faire valoir leurs droits. Surtout le Bénin qui se veut un modèle et qui avait suscité l’admiration des grandes démocraties entre 1990 et 2006 et fait des émules partout en Afrique est tombé de son piédestal. Malgré une relative longue pratique de la démocratie libérale et pluraliste, des inquiétudes pèsent sur l’évolution de la vie politique et des médias dans ces pays. Les manifestations pacifiques organisées pour dénoncer les dérives du pouvoir et exiger le respect des libertés démocratiques, sont violemment dispersées par les forces de l’ordre. Sur des dossiers sensibles, les citoyens ont peur de s’exprimer. Même rassurés, ils craignent des représailles des forces de l’ordre / Throughout our research, we proved that the griot is the one who manages to travel back in time through speech. This allows historians to rewrite the history of the African continent remained long in orality. This oral communication carried by the griot requires a lack of objectivity but still has major importance in African society. Just as the media report the facts, the griot, thanks to his mastery of speech and through expressive elements and musical instruments published also highlights his city and thus able to participate in the democratic process in Guinea. Taking more care of political commentary, the griot marries history to produce ideology, establishing a historical continuity in conformity with this. The griot does not hesitate to include in the skin of the characters, to praise the chef's promises for which he works. Exactly as do African media also tend to praise the political actors. The humor of the griot in criticism against the policies, contributes to the democratic process. But the concept of media freedom is a goal in Africa, to help its sustainable development. We must recognize that the concept of media freedom is constitutionalized in Guinea and Benin, to a change of perspective of the culture of media will but is not completely guaranteed. In Benin, as in Guinea, the fear is still palpable among citizens who want to exercise their rights. Especially the Benin which wants a model and had the admiration of the great democracies between 1990 and 2006 is emulated across Africa has fallen from its pedestal. Despite relative long practice of liberal and pluralist democracy, concerns weigh on the evolution of politics and media in those countries. The peaceful demonstrations to denounce the abuses of power and demand respect for democratic freedoms were violently dispersed by security forces. On sensitive issues, citizens are afraid to express themselves. Even reassured, they fear reprisals from security forces.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-17T17:34:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 juliocesarcoelho.pdf: 2714643 bytes, checksum: 9bdaf694f058128655dd58d0cf5e718e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-18T11:36:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 juliocesarcoelho.pdf: 2714643 bytes, checksum: 9bdaf694f058128655dd58d0cf5e718e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-18T11:36:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 juliocesarcoelho.pdf: 2714643 bytes, checksum: 9bdaf694f058128655dd58d0cf5e718e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / A tese discorre sobre a regulação democrática da radiodifusão, abordando sua dimensão normativa e trajetória histórica. No primeiro caso, são cotejadas diversas formulações da teoria democrática, que assinalam as exigências de consentimento expresso no pacto que institui a ordem política, de garantia de expressão das diferentes alternativas e de definição de mecanismos que assegurem a correção de desigualdades em benefício de setores menos favorecidos, avaliando suas implicações para a regulação do sistema de radiodifusão. Em seguida, são consideradas as trajetórias do Reino Unido e dos Estados Unidos, tomados como paradigmas de duas abordagens regulatórias, respectivamente a que trata a radiodifusão como serviço público e a que a toma como utilidade pública. Por fim, são analisadas as trajetórias da Argentina e do Brasil, países nos quais se erigiu um sistema de comunicação social oligopolizado, não obstante mudanças recentes. A análise de tais trajetórias é efetuada considerando a existência de quatro grandes períodos à escala global no desenvolvimento da radiodifusão no decorrer do século XX e no início do século em curso: a) Formação e definição (1910-1945); b) Expansão, consolidação e acentuação da regulação pública (1946-1973); c) Advento e afirmação do neoliberalismo e impulso para desregulação (até o fim da década de 1990); d) Desafios regulatórios das novas mídias: um novo período em gestação? (2000...). São tomadas como variáveis analíticas, o contexto internacional, o desenvolvimento das tecnologias de comunicação, a participação da iniciativa privada no setor comunicacional e as características do sistema político, de modo a explicar os processos de definição das configurações institucionais de regulações existentes nos países focalizados. Sustenta-se que a regulação democrática dos meios de comunicação, especialmente da radiodifusão, é requisito fundamental para o direito à comunicação e condição para que se fortaleçam interações entre os cidadãos capazes de acentuar sua confiança recíproca e nas instituições, sustentando e conferindo eficácia à ordem democrática. / The thesis discusses broadcasting democratic regulations, addressing their normative dimension and historical trajectory. In the first case, it collates various formulations of democratic theory, highlighting the express consent required to define the political order, the importance of the expression of different alternatives in the political process and the need to define mechanisms to ensure the correction of inequalities for the benefit of disadvantaged sectors, assessing their implications in the broadcasting system regulations. Then, it analyzes the trajectories of the United Kingdom and the United States, taken as paradigms of two different regulatory approaches, respectively dealing broadcasting as a public service, and alternatively, as a public utility. Finally, it addresses the trajectories of Argentina and Brazil, countries where was erected oligopoly media systems, despite the recent changes. The analysis of such paths is performed considering four major periods on a global scale in the broadcasting development in the 20th century and at the beginning of the current century: a) Formation and definition (1910-1945); b) Expansion, consolidation and accentuation of public regulation (1946-1973); c) Advent and strengthening of neoliberalism and the push for deregulation (until the end of the 1990s); d) Regulatory challenges of news media: a new period in progress? (2000…). We considered as analytical variables the international context, the development of communication technologies, the participation of private companies in the communication sector and the characteristics of the political system, in order to explain the definition processes of the institutional settings in the existing regulation in the targeted countries. This thesis maintains that the democratic regulation of the media, especially broadcasting, is a fundamental requirement for the communication rights, and condition to strengthen interactions between citizens able to enhance their mutual trust and in institutions, supporting and giving effectiveness to the democratic order.