The diploma thesis analyzes the changes in transport policy during the time of Thatcher and Major conservative governments. It tries to answer why the traffic situation resulted in a permanent break with the concept raised in the 1940s by labour government. The changes are associated with principles of Thatcherism which also influenced the transport industry. The contribution of the work consists of creating a compact view of the privatization of bus and rail transport, including consideration and evaluation of options and results. Both the same and different elements of the privatization of two transport sectors are mentioned. Author uses information from contemporary sources obtained in the National Archives, London-Kew as well as modern literature and scientific studies.

nÃo hà / A tese de doutorado ReabilitaÃÃo Profissional no contexto de precarizaÃÃo do mundo do trabalho: um estudo de caso da formaÃÃo profissional no programa REABILITA do INSS insere-se na temÃtica das relaÃÃes entre PÃs-Modernidade e educaÃÃo profissional, compreendendo as mudanÃas estruturais no sistema capitalista e no mundo do trabalho, que levaram a uma fragilidade das relaÃÃes trabalhistas e da produÃÃo em geral. Esse direcionamento definido pelo atual sistema produtivo levaria tambÃm a baixos nÃveis de compromisso social representados em cortes nos investimentos sociais e na desregulamentaÃÃo das legislaÃÃes protetivas do trabalhador, dentre as quais se destaca a previdenciÃria. O estudo toma como aporte de reflexÃo as contribuiÃÃes teÃricas nas Ãreas da Filosofia da EducaÃÃo, da SeguranÃa do Trabalho e do Direito. Neste contexto, a ReabilitaÃÃo Profissional, objeto do estudo, à compreendida como um serviÃo da PrevidÃncia Social hoje prestado por meio do Programa REABILITA, desenvolvido pelo Instituto Nacional de Seguro Social (INSS), em parceria com instituiÃÃes e empresas do mercado. O Programa, em sua dimensÃo social, pretende constituir-se numa aÃÃo que visa a possibilitar aos segurados meios de reingressar no mercado de trabalho e no contexto social. Na dimensÃo econÃmica, mostra-se como alternativa legal para a reduÃÃo de custos previdenciÃrios com benefÃcios. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar o Programa de reabilitaÃÃo proposto pelo INSS e a sua relaÃÃo com a desregulamentaÃÃo previdenciÃria no contexto da sociedade brasileira atual. A metodologia deu-se com uma pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental, bem como um estudo de caso, composto por entrevista e questionÃrios, realizados com representantes do INSS, empresa e segurados. O estudo conclui que a reabilitaÃÃo à expressa como uma formaÃÃo incipiente, a qual reproduz o sistema produtivo vigente com base na condiÃÃo efÃmera, na flexibilizaÃÃo e na informalidade do trabalho. A reabilitaÃÃo, assim, configura-se como causa e efeito para as mudanÃas na legislaÃÃo brasileira, resultando na desregulamentaÃÃo previdenciÃria, que responsabiliza o trabalhador que sofreu acidente ou adquiriu uma doenÃa por sua empregabilidade, sob pena de nÃo continuar com os benefÃcios previdenciÃrios. Tal reabilitaÃÃo, oferece em contrapartida, no contexto da PrevidÃncia, um modelo de formaÃÃo sem equipe multidisciplinar, com carÃncia de base pedagÃgica e ausÃncia de carga horÃria mÃnima, portanto, incompatÃvel com a proposta de formaÃÃo profissional no contexto da educaÃÃo.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-04T11:55:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrício Silva de Sousa Machado.pdf: 1470089 bytes, checksum: dbe41bf9d295f422d6c1d5b836338992 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-04T11:55:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabrício Silva de Sousa Machado.pdf: 1470089 bytes, checksum: dbe41bf9d295f422d6c1d5b836338992 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-11-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The 2008 crisis allowed Hyman Minsky's theories to be reinserted into the debate on the directions of modern macroeconomics. In a post-Keynesian perspective, this study aims to prove the hypothesis that complex financial innovations, post-Bretton Woods financial market leverage, and deregulation have magnified the fragility and instability of the capitalist economy. Thus, we will treat the causes of the crisis as a problem of theoretical foundation of the capitalist system, because its functioning is based on the deregulation of the financial markets and the dominance of efficient markets hypothesis. Looking at the evidence of the 2008 crisis, it is possible to question the thesis of the new classics that financial liberalization would promote greater efficiency and stability in the system, because with the collapse of US mortgage loans, caused by the proliferation of securitized products, the problem became systemic. This occurs by the amplification of using of off-balance structures such as the shadow bankings, which began in the 1970s, widening the base of the financial capital base outside the control area of the national central bank systems. This situation reinforces the importance of understanding the fundamental dilemma between market deregulation and financial instability, the central object of this work / A crise de 2008 permitiu que as teorias de Hyman Minsky fossem reinseridas no debate sobre os rumos da moderna macroeconomia. Sob a perspectiva pós-keynesiana, esse trabalho visa a comprovar a hipótese de que as complexas inovações financeiras, a alavancagem dos mercados financeiros ocorridos no pós-Bretton Woods e a desregulamentação ampliaram a fragilidade e a instabilidade da economia capitalista. Assim, trataremos das causas da crise como um problema de fundamentação teórica do sistema capitalista, pois seu funcionamento está baseado na desregulamentação dos mercados financeiros e na dominância da hipótese dos mercados eficientes. Ao se observar as evidências da crise de 2008, é possível questionar a tese defendida pelos novos clássicos de que a liberalização financeira promoveria uma maior eficiência e estabilidade no sistema, pois, com o colapso dos empréstimos hipotecários do EUA, originado pela proliferação dos produtos securitizados, o problema tornou-se sistêmico. Isso ocorreu em razão da amplificação de estruturas “off-balance” como os shadow bankings, cuja disseminação iniciou-se nos anos 70, ampliando a base de capitais financeiros fora da área de controle dos sistemas de bancos centrais nacionais. Essa situação reforça a importância de compreender o dilema fundamental entre a desregulamentação dos mercados e a instabilidade financeira, objeto central desse trabalho

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SSO - Terezinha de Fatima Rodrigues.pdf: 709530 bytes, checksum: 25e563f5e463e5b7011d0d1ee00d30ea (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This thesis has as objective analyzes the impacts of deregulation s processes in the job s market in the profession Social Service. Although the profession is regulated as liberal profession, for the most part of social worker carries on as salaried worker. The research was accomplished in São Paulo State with the social workers that finished the year 2004 with their enrollment canceled in CRESS 9th Region /SP and it was used two levels of approaches: the quantitative and the qualitative combining strategies that made possible to enrich the analyses. The cancellation of the enrollment is a right of the social worker since it is not in the exercise of any activity or exclusive function of social worker. We accomplished the study in the social workers' files and later, in the sense to know the social experience of these professionals and to qualify the quantitative information, we contacted them through a questionnaire. We still accomplished interviews with the professionals that, through its introduction in the organs of the professional category, they build this profession in its normative and formative dimensions (CRESS and national ABEPSS). This thesis made possible to verify that, the profession in its formal perspective and regulated faces several challenges related to the deregulations field and that the movement of cancellations of the social workers' professional enrollment in CRESS - 9th Region/SP represents a reality marked by difficulties in the introduction and/or permanence in the job s market with intense mobility. A significant part of social workers live with the fight for an introduction in the job's market with uncertainties and fragilities; tendencies to a precarious introduction, the coexistence with the unemployment and a big competition; however, in the group of the worked elements, we verified that it is not treated of a retraction of this market. On the contrary, it is a market in expansion that demonstrates the legitimacy reached by the profession in its 70 years of effective professional exercise in Brazil / Esta tese tem como objetivo analisar os impactos dos processos de desregulamentação no mercado de trabalho na profissão Serviço Social. Embora a profissão seja regulamentada como profissão liberal, majoritariamente o assistente social exerce seu trabalho de forma assalariada. A pesquisa foi realizada no Estado de São Paulo com os assistentes sociais que finalizaram o ano de 2004 com seus registros cancelados no CRESS 9ª Região/SP e utilizou dois níveis de abordagens: a quantitativa e a qualitativa combina ndo estratégias que possibilitaram enriquecer as análises. O cancelamento do registro é um direito do assistente social desde que não esteja no exercício de qualquer atividade ou função privativa. Realizamos o estudo nos prontuários dos assistentes sociais e posteriormente, no sentido de conhecer a experiência social destes sujeitos e qualificar as informações quantitativas, os contatamos através de um questionário. Realizamos ainda, entrevistas com os sujeitos que, através de suas inserções nos órgãos da categoria profissional, constroem esta profissão em suas dimensões normativa e formativa (CRESS e ABEPSS nacional). Esta tese possibilitou verificar que a profissão, em sua perspectiva formal e regulamentada, enfrenta desafios diversos relacionados ao campo das desregulamentações e que o movimento dos cancelamentos dos registros profissionais dos assistentes sociais no CRESS - 9ª Região/SP representa uma realidade marcada por dificuldades na inserção e/ou permanência no mercado de trabalho, com intensa mobilidade. Uma parcela significativa de assistentes sociais vivencia a luta pela inserção ao mercado de trabalho com incertezas e fragilidades, tendências a uma inserção precarizada, a convivência com o desemprego e maior competição, porém, no conjunto dos elementos trabalhados verificamos que não se trata de uma retração deste mercado. Pelo contrário, é um mercado em expansão o que demonstra a legitimidade alcançada pela profissão em seus 70 anos de efetivo exercício profissional no Brasil

O Estudo Prévio de Impacto Ambiental e o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental no Estado de São Paulo são exigências legais para a implantação de qualquer empreendimento ou atividade potencialmente poluidora ou degradadora do meio ambiente. Ambos objetivam prevenir danos ambientais quando da análise sistemática das consequências da implantação de um projeto com significativo potencial de degradação ambiental. Para a viabilidade dos projetos, há que se fazer um acurado Estudo Prévio de Impacto Ambiental , por conta do empreendedor, e apresentá-lo à Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo - CETESB, agência vinculada à Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo, para análise, emissão dos pareceres técnicos e das licenças ambientais. Nos últimos trinta anos, acompanhamos a construção, evolução e desenvolvimento normativo desse instrumento. Esta dissertação, além de constituir um exercício de análise desse instrumento da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, contribui para demonstrar como ele vem sendo tratado pelo governo do Estado de São Paulo e propõe uma análise histórica da importância do Estudo de Impactos Ambientais (EIA) e de seu respectivo relatório (RIMA) no controle e evitação de danos ambientais no Estado de São Paulo. Estamos diante de um cenário cada vez mais degradante em relação à conservação ambiental. Diante desse contexto, propusemos questionamentos acerca da influência do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental no processo de tomada de decisão no Licenciamento Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo e como a aplicação desse instrumento vem sendo flexibilizada e, atualmente, até mesmo correndo sérios riscos de extinção. O levantamento bibliográfico alicerçou o entendimento de que, quando falamos em Estudos de Impactos Ambientais, estamos diretamente nos remetendo à constitucionalização do direito fundamental a um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado. Trata-se de regras impositivas a serem observadas, o que quer dizer que, em um Estado Democrático de Direito, há que se seguir um padrão de justiça ambiental, orientado pela sua estrutura principiológica subjacente. O meio ambiente não admite o agir tardio e é por esse motivo que o Estudo de Impactos Ambientais se apresenta como um instrumento de importância imensurável, já que é através dele que os princípios da precaução e da prevenção se materializam. A pesquisa documental levantou os Estudos de Impactos Ambientais desenvolvidos no Estado de São Paulo entre os anos 1987 e 2015, abarcando um total de 29 anos desde a implantação do processo pelo governo estadual, assim como os pareceres técnicos de indeferimento do pedido de licença de seis processos escolhidos aleatoriamente. / The Environmental Impact Assessment and the Environmental Impact Report in the State of São Paulo are legal requirements for the implementation of any undertaking or activity potentially polluting or degrading the environment. Both aim at preventing environmental damage when systematically analyzing the consequences of implementing a project with significant potential for environmental degradation. For the feasibility of the projects, it is necessary to make an accurate Environmental Impact Assessment, on behalf of the entrepreneur, and present it to the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo - CETESB, an agency linked to the Secretariat of the Environment of the State of São Paulo, for analysis, issuance of technical opinions and environmental licenses. In the last thirty years, we have followed the construction and normative development of this instrument. This dissertation, besides constituting an exercise in the analysis of this instrument of the National Environmental Policy, contributes to demonstrate how it has been treated by the government of the State of São Paulo and proposes a historical analysis of the importance of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and of its respective report (RIMA) in the control and avoidance of environmental damages in the State of São Paulo. We are facing an increasingly degrading scenario in relation to environmental conservation. In view of this context, we have proposed questions about the influence of the Environmental Impact Assessment on the decision-making process in the Environmental Licensing of the State of São Paulo and how the application of this instrument has been relaxed and is currently even running serious extinction risks. The bibliographic survey supported the understanding that, when we speak of Environmental Impact Assessment, we are directly referring to the constitutionalization of the fundamental right to an ecologically balanced environment. These are rules to be observed, which means that, in a democratic state under de rules of law, it is necessary to follow a pattern of environmental justice, guided by its underlying principiological structure. The environment does not admit of late action and it is for this reason that the Environmental Impact Assessment presents itself as an instrument of immeasurable importance, since it is through this that the principles of precaution and prevention materialize. The documentary research surveyed the Environmental Impact Assessment developed in the State of São Paulo between 1987 and 2015, comprehending a total of 29 years since the implementation of the process by the state government, as well as the technical opinions rejecting the license application of six randomly chosen processes.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los diferentes efectos que impactaron en el comercio de Espárragos frescos o refrigerados de Perú con el Reino Unido durante los años 2012 al 2017, siendo estos efectos tanto públicos como del sector privado agroexportador. Por tal motivo, se precisó investigar y analizar el histórico de la desgravación arancelaria que se va dando a lo largo de los años gracias a los acuerdos comerciales que existen entre Perú y diferentes mercados con relación a los productos agroindustriales. Pero, haciendo énfasis y más dirigido al caso de los Espárragos frescos o refrigerados hacia el Reino Unido durante los años. Asimismo, se analizó el impacto de ciertos factores medio ambientales sobre las cosechas de espárragos en el territorio peruano y su consecuencia con las exportaciones a al mercado de Reino Unido. De igual manera cómo influye la mano de obra con respecto a efectos sociales al momento de analizar su relevancia en los tiempos cruciales de cultivo y cosecha. Además, al tratar temas políticos y económicos, se llevó a investigar y analizar sucesos políticos trascendentales que logran tener un impacto en las relaciones internacionales entre mercados, así como análisis económico de un mercado en específico. Bajo este fin, se recopiló y relacionó información proveniente de ciertas herramientas metodológicas como datos estadísticos de SUNAT, Veritrade y MINCETUR, información pública y entrevistas a personas con conocimientos en temas relacionados al comercio del sector agroexportador, relaciones internacionales, comercio exterior y derecho público internacional. / The main object of this research is to analyze the different effects that impacted the trade of fresh or chilled asparagus from Peru to the United Kingdom during the years 2012 - 2017, with both public and private agro-exporter effects. For this reason, it was necessary to investigate and analyze the history of tariff reduction that is taking place over the last years thanks to trade agreements that exist between Peru and different markets in relation to the agro-industrial products. But, making emphasis in the case of fresh or chilled asparagus towards the United Kingdom over the years. Likewise, the impact of certain environmental factors on the asparagus crops in the peruvian territory and its impact in the exports to the United Kingdom market was analyzed. In the same way, how handmade labor influences social effects, analyzing their relevance in the crucial times of cultivation and harvest. In addition, when dealing with political and economic issues, it was carried out to investigate and analyze transcendental political events that manage to have an impact on international relations between markets, as well as economic analysis of a specific market. To this end, information was collected and related from certain methodological tools such as statistical data from SUNAT, Veritrade and MINCETUR, public information and interviews with people with knowledge of issues related to trade in the agro-export sector, international relations, foreign trade and international public law. / Tesis

Observers of neo-liberal persuasion claim that a financial system free of government regulation can lead to better allocation of resources and if the actual process of deregulation is done properly, the results can benefit society as a whole. Deregulation requires dismantling those state-based banking structures that are perceived as economically inefficient. This approach sets up a dichotomy between financial deregulation, which is portrayed as an intrinsic part of economic progress, and state regulation, which is seen as a force that interferes with entrepreneurial freedom and efficiency. This thesis argues that such a dichotomy can only be possible within the dominant neo-liberal discourses on the economy that have displaced Keynesian style economic management in core and peripheral areas of the world. Following Marxist structural approaches I also argue that financial deregulation is a class-based project that opens up profit sites and reflects the crisis in capitalist accumulation occurring in the latter part of the 20th century. Unlike neo-liberal followers I contend that the role of the state in maintaining and/or transforming capitalist structures in order to achieve certain outcomes (whatever they might be) is crucial in nation-building strategies in peripheral countries such as Costa Rica. As in many other countries, credit allocation was actively used in this country, for some thirty years in order to achieve high levels of investment, economic planning and re-distributive policies. However, the once fully nationalised banking system, as one of the few mechanisms available to the state to regulate savings and offer credit to different socio-economic groups, has gone through dramatic changes in the period from 1980-2000. Using a modified version of Hirschman's exit/voice framework for financial systems and available institutional data, I suggest that Costa Rica has moved from having a financial system that was predominantly owned by the state (public) and whose institutional arrangements were elite-led to one whose ownership is mixed but still led by elites. However if the trend persists I anticipate that it will become a predominantly privately owned system with an equal mixture of elite-voice and exit institutions.

本論文共分七章二十七節。主要內容如下： 第一章為緒論。說明撰寫本論文之動機和目的、研究方法、範圍暨限制以及論文架構。 第二章為金融創新之本質與金融商品開放之理由。介紹金融創新的定義、種類、源起及發展，並探討外匯期貨暨選擇權在金融創新中之歸類、定位，以及金融商品應開放之理由。 第三章為我國現行的外匯管理制度及避險工具。首先說明我國目前外匯管理制度的特色，其次就外匯風險之類型加以分類，並介紹我國現有之主要匯率避險工具－遠期外匯暨其它匯率避險工具，最後則針對我國遠期外匯市場交易清淡之原因進行探討。 第四章為外匯期貨契約。除了介紹外匯期貨契約的起源、經濟功能及法律概念與規範意義外，並對保證金之制度及法律性質加以說明。另外，則對美、日、新加坡之外匯期貨交易制度進行比較，並特別介紹互相結轉沖銷系統(MOS)及全球交易系統 (Globex)。最後，則針對外匯期貨交易中之避險及投機操作，逐一舉例說明分析。 第五章為外匯選擇權契約。本章首先介紹外匯選擇權之起源、定義及種類；接著說明其法律性質、規範意義與實務操作，並綜合比較遠期外匯、外匯期貨暨選擇權；最後則對我國國外期貨交易法加以評釋。 第六章為金融規範分析-Laffer Curve 於政府修法時之應用。本章為法律之經濟分析，筆者嘗試將成本效益分析、博弈理論(Game Theory)及諮商(Negotiation)策略應用到政府之立法上面。探討法令規範之最適規模及其與時間函數之關係，並檢討「立法從嚴、執法從寬」暨「惡法亦法」之不當。 第七章為結論與建議。本章以摘要方式將前述章節內容做一總結，並對正草擬中之國內期貨交易法提出筆者淺見，俾供參考。 / GATT is the most important organization which governedrld trade since it was founded in 1948. since China15th trader in the world,so it certainly cannotutside of GATT.China's special case has given rise to certain legalonomic problems,which have made its participation intill remain unsolved.legal issues come from China's request for "resumptioninal membership".This request will cause difficult whens to some rights and obligations under GATT such asion ticket,grandfather clause and non-application clause.ms GATT will "acknowledge" China's orginal seat,butneeds to negotiate is terms and obligations as a newant.economic problems are caused by China's non-marketic system and its claim for developing country status.hough China has carried out many reforms on economicure,major GATT contracting parties still think China'sy and trade regime are not liberlized enough to fit GATT.ina's great potential export power makes other countriesant to give China special treatment which other developingies enjoy.to China's reform of its trade system,China only has toake tariff concession without undertaking other importments which some East European countries have made. Chinareally like to avoid discriminatory quantity restriction special safeguard clauses,but other contracting partiest likely to permit this.use of changes in international circumstances, theation of China's participation has made no progress during991.After 1992,the negotiation begin to accelerate,butcan' t reach a certain conclusion.

美國於1978年通過航空解除管制法案。此法案甫經宣佈，旋即在全球各地 風起雲湧，引發一股風潮。世界各國航空界皆唯美國馬首是瞻，紛紛採行 解除管制措施。為順應世界航空運輸業走向自由化之趨勢，我國亦於民國 七十六年實施放寬進入管制政策，亦即一般通稱的開放天空政策。然而， 我國的開放天空並未完全解除對民航業的管制，而僅止於放寬新業者的進 入，及允許業者增闢航線等管制措施而已。由於新業者加入競爭，打破國 內航空市場長久以來以中華、遠東為領導者，台灣、永興為跟隨者的寡占 局面，致使台灣地區的航空市場深受前所未有的劇烈衝擊，也使現有航空 業者面臨市場攻防戰之強大壓力。鑑於政府放寬進入管制政策的目的之一 ，乃希望藉由輔導新航空公司之設立，以提高服務品質，促進飛機汰舊換 新，使國人享有安全、快捷的航空運輸服務，故本研究之目的即在以數學 演繹法與統計分析法，深入探討解除管制政策對台灣民航業整體服務品質 之衝擊。經由理論與實證之分析，本研究的結果顯示：台灣民航業於放寬 進入管制後，由於放寬進入所引發之需求與負載效果均為正，故廠商家數 之增加，將導致飛行班次增加，服務品質因而提升。因此，建議政府完全 解除進入管制，促使服務品質大幅提升，以嘉惠消費大眾。

Les réarrangements chromosomiques affectant la région d'hétérochromatine constitutive du chromosome 1 humain (bande cytogénétique 1q12) sont remarquablement fréquents dans les lymphomes, les myélomes, les leucémies aiguës et dans certaines tumeurs solides. Ceci suggère fortement l'existence de mécanismes oncogéniques dépendant de l'hétérochromatine constitutive dans ces maladies. Mes travaux de thèse montrent que ces réarrangements induisent des altérations profondes de l'organisation et de la fonction de la chromatine dans des cellules de lymphome B. Les conséquences majeures sont la formation de foyers hétérochromatiques aberrants résultant d'appariements intra-chromosomiques ‘longue distance' entre le domaine d'hétérochromatine 1q12 réarrangé et le domaine centromérique. Ces foyers sont associés à un enrichissement de l'euchromatine adjacente en marques épigénétiques répressives, et à la répression de l'expression de gènes, parmi lesquels GMCL1 et MXD1 qui codent pour des protéines impliquées dans le contrôle de la signalisation P53 et MYC, respectivement. D'autre part, l'étude pilote de profiling transcriptionnel par puces Affymetrix dans des cas de lymphome avec ou sans anomalie de l'hétérochromatine 1q12 confirme et identifie de nouvelles cibles de dérégulation liées à l'hétérochromatine dans les lymphomes B non-Hodgkiniens. La compréhension du rôle de ces foyers hétérochromatiques aberrants présenterait un intérêt majeur pour les tumeurs hématologiques ou solides, puisque ces anomalies sont observées de manière fréquente et non-aléatoire dans un large spectre de tumeurs humaines, et sont associées à la progression tumorale et à un mauvais pronostic.