The societal shift towards the circular economy is gaining momentum due to the push from the legislation side and the increasing social awareness towards the ecological imbalance caused by the linear model of resource extraction and consumption. The topic of design for the circular economy is gaining increasing interest in both academia and industry. The circular economy requires products to be designed based on a lifecycle approach and extended lifetime.This thesis aimed to investigate the potential application of modular design strategy as a supportive approach to aid Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in their bid to adapt their product features to fit within a circular economic model. Furthermore, the study has investigated the potential challenges encountered during the adoption of such a design strategy and concludes with recommendations to overcome the identified challenges.To address this aim, a case study was carried out within a global OEM, based on their interest in exploring the circular economy's design domain. A literature review and interviews have been conducted to assess how product circularity factors can be addressed using a modular design strategy and identifying the potential challenges that can hinder its realization.The study initially identified seven design factors that need to be addressed along the different phases of a product lifecycle to ensure a fit within a circular economic model. The seven circularity factors are design: based on a lifecycle approach, for durability, for adaptability, for upgradability, for ease of maintenance and repair, for ease of disassembly and reassembly, and standardization and compatibility.The study also revealed that a standardized and simplified interface between different modules within the product plays a vital role in enhancing its ability to address the different circularity factors. The standardized interface in the modular product qualifies the product to become useable for multiple usage cycles. Furthermore, such a modular product can be considered an open-source product since it can continuously be updated with the latest available technology. Such continuous updates allow the open-source product to adapt to the changes in the working environment effectively.Despite the capability of a modular design strategy to address the different circularity factors, several challenges can hinder its implementation in the industry. The primary challenge industries face when adopting such a strategy is identifying the main objectives of such an approach. Further, this strategy might negatively impact product profitability, which is a significant challenge for the industries. Moreover, the prospect of adopting modular strategies also faces design challenges, such as the potential of losing customer interest in a modular product.The thesis concludes with a few recommendations to overcome these challenges associated with adopting a modular design strategy for a circular economy. To overcome such challenges, industries need clear identification of the circular economy and the planned outcome of such a manufacturing shift based on clear systems thinking and transparency in product development. In the end, the study proposes a design framework, which may provide industries with a transparent methodology for designing a modular product for a circular economy.

The outdated and oversized nuclear manufacturing complex within the United States requires its transformation into a smaller, safe, and secure enterprise. Health and safety risks, environmental concerns, and the end of the Cold War have all contributed to this necessity. The events of September 11, 2001, emphasized the protection requirements for nuclear materials within the U.S. as well as abroad. Current Nuclear Safeguards regulations contain minimal prescriptive requirements relating to the design of new production facilities. Project management and engineering design guides require that design documents contain specific and measureable statements relating to systems requirements. The systems engineering process evaluates alternatives for an effective and integrated solution during project design. A Safeguards Design Strategy for domestic nuclear materials processing facilities based upon a core "framework" of safeguards regulatory programmatic elements that also use the prescriptive requirements and similar goals of safety, health, and physical security regulations is proposed and justifiable.

Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a aplicação da estratégia de design zero waste como instrumento de ensino, objetivando desenvolver noções de design sustentável em estudantes de curso técnico de moda. O zero waste (zero resíduos) possui um método de criação cujo principal objetivo é não gerar resíduos sólidos têxteis durante o processo de confecção da roupa, que possam impactar o meio ambiente. É uma técnica ainda pouco conhecida no Brasil e pouco utilizada, tanto no ensino técnico de moda quanto nas empresas. Este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa-ação sobre a técnica de design zero waste, com a finalidade de evoluir com as experiências e pesquisas já realizadas sobre o assunto e identificar referências que possam incrementar atividades aplicáveis ao ensino técnico de moda. Diante disso, propõe-se um conjunto de exercícios de design sustentável utilizando a técnica zero waste. Os exercícios são aplicados em forma de workshop para gerar informações que possam contribuir com a discussão de resultados sobre a sua aplicabilidade e aceitação / This research presents a study on the application of the zero waste design technique as a teaching tool, aiming to develop notions of sustainable design in fashion technical course students. Zero waste has a method of creation whose main objective is not to generate solid textile waste during the garment making process, which can impact the environment. It is a technique still little known in Brazil and little used, both in fashion teaching and in companies. This study presents a bibliographical research and action research on the technique of zero waste design, in order to learn from the experiences and research already done on the subject and to identify references that may increase activities applicable to fashion technical teaching. Therefore, a set of exercises of sustainable design using the zero waste technique is proposed. The exercises are applied in the form of a workshop to generate information that can contribute to the discussion of results on its applicability and acceptance

Title: Strategy of marketing communication for Skechers on the Czech market Goals: The main objective of my thesis is to create a marketing strategy of communication for the Skechcers brand on the Czech market. This goal is based on identifying the biggest weaknesses of the brand. An important aspect of my thesis is also the comparison and inspiration of selected competitors, which are Nike and Under Armour. The target group of the communication strategy will be Generation Y in the Czech Republic. Methods: The practical part of my thesis, thus qualitative marketing research, was done in the form of an interview with two representatives from Skechers and Under Armour. The interview was centered around a previously prepared questionnaire, which was almost the same for both respondents - the only change was the name of the firm which the respondent represented. During the interview we focused on seven sections, which I discribe more in my thesis. A second method was used for the analysis of electronical documents and materials about existing marketing communications of Skechers and selected competitors. Results: The analytical part of the thesis is consisted of undertaken interviews with the representatives of Skechers and Under Armour. The results showed that Generation Y exclusively uses Under...

Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo sobre a aplicação da estratégia de design zero waste como instrumento de ensino, objetivando desenvolver noções de design sustentável em estudantes de curso técnico de moda. O zero waste (zero resíduos) possui um método de criação cujo principal objetivo é não gerar resíduos sólidos têxteis durante o processo de confecção da roupa, que possam impactar o meio ambiente. É uma técnica ainda pouco conhecida no Brasil e pouco utilizada, tanto no ensino técnico de moda quanto nas empresas. Este estudo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa-ação sobre a técnica de design zero waste, com a finalidade de evoluir com as experiências e pesquisas já realizadas sobre o assunto e identificar referências que possam incrementar atividades aplicáveis ao ensino técnico de moda. Diante disso, propõe-se um conjunto de exercícios de design sustentável utilizando a técnica zero waste. Os exercícios são aplicados em forma de workshop para gerar informações que possam contribuir com a discussão de resultados sobre a sua aplicabilidade e aceitação / This research presents a study on the application of the zero waste design technique as a teaching tool, aiming to develop notions of sustainable design in fashion technical course students. Zero waste has a method of creation whose main objective is not to generate solid textile waste during the garment making process, which can impact the environment. It is a technique still little known in Brazil and little used, both in fashion teaching and in companies. This study presents a bibliographical research and action research on the technique of zero waste design, in order to learn from the experiences and research already done on the subject and to identify references that may increase activities applicable to fashion technical teaching. Therefore, a set of exercises of sustainable design using the zero waste technique is proposed. The exercises are applied in the form of a workshop to generate information that can contribute to the discussion of results on its applicability and acceptance

Shanghai est une ville unique qui a joué un rôle très important dans le mouvement d’urbanisation et d’industrialisation en Chine. Shanghai a toujours été à une intersection multiculturelle. Ses conditions géographiques, financières et de transport a favorisé une dynamique d’investissement et la modernisation industrielle. Dans le même temps, le développement de l'industrie a accéléré l’urbanisation de Shanghai. Dans ce processus, le patrimoine industriel de la ville a contribué à structuré les espaces en livrant des surfaces de revitalisation notamment le long d’une ligne qui longe la rivière Huangpu. Ces différents héritages (surfaces, usines, bâtiments…) ont joué un rôle clé dans l’activité industrielle de Shanghai et son urbanisation contemporaine. La protection et la réutilisation du patrimoine ont toujours été des sujets importants dans le développement urbain et font pleinement partie du renouveau de la ville. A ce titre Shanghai est certainement une ville archétype pour étudier certaines formes de patrimonialisation en Chine.Avec un déclin de certaines industries traditionnelles, les anciens bâtiments et les zones de friches industrielles deviennent une partie inévitable de l'ensemble du processus de re-planification urbaine. Le succès ou l'échec de ces réhabilitations dépend de l'environnement direct lié à l’urbanisme et des orientations du développement économique. Il ne fait aucun doute que le patrimoine « moderne » de Shanghai joue un rôle crucial dans le positionnement urbain de Shanghai. Le potentiel de conversion du patrimoine industriel s’avère d’une exceptionnelle qualité et son étude reste fondamentale quant à la compréhension d’une ville créative.Cette thèse part d’un cadre théorique combiné avec les tendances et le statut de la protection du patrimoine industriel en Chine. Les lois et règlements en vigueur à Shanghai concernant la protection du patrimoine industriel et des bâtiments industriels sont présentés. Les notions de « patrimoine industriel », de « patrimoine bâti industriel » et de « régénération urbaine » sont clairement définies. Le travail analyse six cas concrets de réhabilitation pour appréhender une stratégie d’extraction des valeurs patrimoniales. La protection du patrimoine industriel à Shanghai est évaluée du point de vue de la continuité, de l'intégrité et de l'authenticité. Enfin la thèse aborde les composantes et les modes de protection de la valeur technologique du patrimoine industriel. Il met en évidence la motivation pour combiner le patrimoine industriel et les industries culturelles et créatives au regard de la politique de la ville, du marché et des espaces. Tout cela agit sur le mécanisme de transformation de la valeur patrimoniale.Cette thèse a aussi pour objectif de présenter l'histoire du développement de ces entreprises créatives bien connues à Shanghai, d'analyser les facteurs contribuant à leur transformation. Bien qu'au sens strict du terme, ils n'appartiennent plus vraiment à la catégorie du « patrimoine industriel », ces nouveaux lieux feront-ils l’objet d’une seconde patrimonialisation ? Leur transformation et leur rénovation font également partie de l'histoire et devront être entièrement documentés. Si l'histoire humaine de la civilisation industrielle est un livre épais, la signification de cette étude est d'ajouter plus de contenu à ce livre pour les générations futures. / Shanghai is a unique city that has played an important and surprising role in the development of modern Chinese cities and industries. Shanghai has always stood at a multicultural intersection. Its geographical, financial and transportation conditions provide a favorable environment for modern industrial development. At the same time, the development of modern industry accelerated the modernization of Shanghai's urban development. In this process, Shanghai's modern industrial heritage has formed a mix of lines and surfaces. Surfaces refer to the modern concession area dominated by the old public concession area. Lines refer to the industrial heritage belt running along Huangpu River and Suzhou Creek. This modern heritage played a key role in Shanghai’s transformation and its establishment as a modern industrial center. Shanghai is thus the most typical city for studying modern Chinese industrial sites.Heritage protection and reuse have always been important subjects in urban development and renewal. With the decline of past industrial zones, old industrial sites become an inevitable part of global urban re-planning. Success or failure depends on the urban environment and future economic development. This paper begins with theoretical research combined with industrial heritage protection trends in China and internationally, defines the research scope, and develops the overall research framework. Cases are selected based on historical research and Shanghai's industrial heritage protection and regeneration is examined through case studies. Heritage value and regeneration design strategy are then developed. Specific content includes:Firstly, theoretical research definitions of "industrial heritage", "industrial building heritage" and "urban regeneration" are presented. Shanghai’s historical industrial development is then reviewed and summarized.Secondly, Shanghai's representative industry is presented with its heritage protection and reuse cases. Based on historical research, six typical cases were selected from the different periods of Shanghai industrial development, the distribution characteristics of these industrial sites, and the reuse status.Thirdly, based on case analysis, Shanghai’s existing laws and regulations related industrial heritage and building protection are presented. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai is evaluated from the perspectives of continuity, integrity, and authenticity. Three aspects of Shanghai's industrial heritage are introduced: distribution, quantity, and style. The status quo of industrial heritage protection in Shanghai and the mode and existing problems of regeneration are then summarized.Fourthly, the components and protection modes of industrial heritage are discussed. This highlights the motivation for combining industrial heritage and cultural and creative industries in terms of policy, markets, space, and culture. Then, from the "creative city" perspective, this thesis interprets the legal system and transformation mechanism of heritage value.Finally, the three main aspects of industrial regeneration design are discussed: global re-planning, building regeneration, and landscape reconstruction.This thesis presents the development of these well-known Shanghai industries to analyze the factors contributing to their transformation and to see if the transformation strategy is appropriate. Although, in the strict sense, they do not yet belong to the "industrial heritage" category, only becoming part of this heritage as time passes. Their transformation and renovation is also historic and should be fully documented. Which policies and measures are correct and which should be revised? This may well be repeatedly reviewed and judged in the future. Some theories in this paper may also need more time to assess and perfect. If the history of industrial civilization is a thick book, the significance of this study is to add more content for future generations.

Med globaliseringen har världen snabbt förändrats och designerns roll är inte längre lika självklar. Vi har tittat på hur man kan expandera begreppet design och utnyttja designerns kvalitéer inom nya områden. Magisterexamensarbetet "Design Thinking in Business Innovation" syftar till att undersöka hur man kan utnyttja designyrkets kreativa och innovativa processer inom affärsutveckling. I vårt exjobb har vi jobbat med ett av Storbritanniens ledande vitvaruföretag, GDHA, och har tillsammans med marknadsföringsstudenter från Stockholms Universitet tagit fram affärsstrategier för hur de kan agera på en framtida marknad. Kombinationen av kreativt tänkande och traditionell affärsutveckling genererade nya innovativa koncept med syfte att utifrån företagets förutsättningar stärka dess konkurrenskraft och skapa nya affärsmöjligheter. "Design Thinking in Business Innovation" resulterade i en ny arbetsmetod samt tre koncept som visualiserar resultatet av en kreativ affärsutvecklingsprocess. Dessa koncept sträckte sig från konventionell produktutveckling för differentiering till utveckling av nya försäljningskanaler samt en helt ny affärsidé som bygger vidare på GDHAs kärnverksamhet. Koncepten konkretiserades i form av en modell av ett kylskåpskoncept, samt tre stycken animerade kortfilmer.Som ett resultat av vårt exjobb har vi startat Remotel, ett design kontor som fokuserar på affärsutveckling genom användarorienterad research, kreativa processer och visuell kommunikation (mer info på www.remotel.se). / The world is undergoing change and the disintegration of the old economy is becoming evident. Production is moving to low cost countries and competition is growing fierce. In order to stay competitive, companies around the world recognises the need to become more innovative. In order to achieve this it is imperative to balance and compliment the linear business thinking that still rule the managerial body. Leading research in this area suggest that the key to innovation in business development lies within the creative thinking of the design field. This paper describes a joint master degree project that seeks to test these theories and develop methods and protocols to put them into practice. So the question is, what happens when one use industrial  design as a tool to innovate business in the Creative Economy? The research group consists of four industrial designers from Konstfack, University of Arts, Crafts and Design in Stockholm and four marketing students from School of Business, Stockholm University. During the project we applied action research and introspection in a case study where new business strategies where formulated for a live company as our empirical base. The process proved more difficult but also more rewarding than initially anticipated and resulted in several new potential strategies for the company while providing valuable insight and experience in interdisciplinary team work in this field. This paper presents suggestions to how design thinking and business thinking can be combined in the process of developing business strategies and accentuates some of the skills and qualities that inherently drive this process. The collaboration investigates the synergy between designers and business managers and illustrates the potential in combining these competences to find new ways to create, re-define and develop businesses in the creative economy.

Cette thèse, consacrée à la représentation des problèmes et contradictions architecturaux dans la phase amont de la conception, s’inscrit dans la problématique de l’agentivité potentielle de cette phase pour concevoir des concepts et des solutions innovantes. En tant qu’une recherche interdisciplinaire, cette thèse a pour ambition de contribuer aux recherches visant l’appropriation de parts de connaissances élaborées par la TRIZ dans le savoir architectural. Elle se développe donc en transversalité en examinant la possibilité d’appliquer IDM-TRIZ, son ontologie et son formalisme de représentation de contradiction dans les phases amont de la conception architecturale. L’objectif principal est d’évaluer les apports du concept de contradiction de la théorie TRIZ à l’énoncé des problèmes et des contradictions du projet architectural. Si l’accent est mis sur cet objectif, l’évaluation des apports des techniques et outils de la résolution de contradiction de TRIZ en préconception architecturale constitue l’objectif secondaire de cette étude. Ainsi, la contribution scientifique espérée de notre recherche consiste à examiner des apports éventuels de la notion de contradiction au sens TRIZ à la fois comme stratégie conceptuelle en architecture guidant la recherche et la structuration des informations et comme modèle d’interprétation et de représentation des éléments fondamentaux de la conception, à savoir les objectifs, les contraintes et les solutions en phase amont du processus de conception. Un projet réel a été choisi comme l’objet de l’étude empirique effectuée dans le cadre de la thèse. Deux résultats principaux de cette étude sont a) un ensemble des objectifs, des contraintes et des scénarios sous forme de contradiction à travers le Graphe Problèmes – Solution Partielles ; b) un ensemble de dix concepts de solution pour une contradiction du projet liée au problème identifié comme le problème clé. Ces résultats ont été évalués à travers une série d’entretiens semi-directifs avec treize architectes. Ces résultats ainsi que deux questionnaires L’évaluation des résultats montre I) la possibilité d’énoncer les objectifs, les contraintes et les propositions du projet sous forme de contradiction à travers le Graphe Problèmes – Solution Partielles (avec 92.3 % de réponse positive pour ceux qui concernent la fonction et la forme ; et 85 % pour ceux concernant l’économie et le temps); II) la contribution significative du Graphe de Problèmes aux qualités de la clarté des énoncés de problèmes; à la traçabilité des problèmes et à la l’intégralité de la présentation de l’Espace de problèmes ; III) que l’ensemble de techniques et d’outils de TRIZ pourrait contribuer à la génération des concepts de solution en phase amont de la conception architecturale. Le taux d’affirmation varie selon le concept évalué ; cependant, ils attestent la pertinence (avec une moyenne de 58 % d’affirmation) et l’intérêt (avec une moyenne de 67 % d’affirmation) des concepts.La conclusion de la thèse porte sur l’intérêt et l’inconvénient de l’usage du concept de contradiction de TRIZ comme stratégie conceptuelle de la construction de l’Espace de problèmes architecturaux en phase amont de la conception architecturale. De même, elle présente certaines réflexions sur les limites de TRIZ pour une application architecturale. Une discussion est menée sur les développements requis dans IDM-TRIZ pour mieux s’adapter à la pratique architecturale et mieux s’intégrer aux recherches courantes en programmation architecturale. En mettant la contribution de la thèse dans le champ plus large de l’appropriation de parts de connaissances élaborées par la TRIZ dans le savoir architectural, la conclusion se termine par la proposition de certaines pistes d’exploration qui désignent une perspective pour la recherche ultérieure sur les apports potentiels de la TRIZ en conception architecturale. / This thesis is devoted to the representation of architectural problems and contradictions in the early phase of architectural design process. It also focuses on its potential agency to generate new concepts and innovative solutions. This thesis aims to contribute to the research on knowledge transfer from TRIZ to architectural design methodologies. It is a cross-disciplinary study on the applicability of IDM-TRIZ, its ontology and formalism in the early phases of an architectural design. The main objective of this dissertation is to evaluate the contributions of the concept of contradiction of the TRIZ theory to problem and contradiction statement in architectural projects. The secondary objective of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the TRIZ techniques and their tools to architectural contradiction solving. Thereby, the expected scientific contributions of this research is to examine the concept of contradiction as a conceptual strategy for seeking and structuring the information about a project and as a model for interpretation and representation of the objectives, constraints, and alternative solutions in the early phases of the architectural design process.In our empirical study, the IDM-TRIZ method is applied to an architectural program of a real project and has produced two results: A) a structured set of the objectives, constraints, requirements and the alternative solutions of this program presented as contradiction by using Problem Graph, B) a set of ten concepts of solution to resolve one of the contradictions related to the problem identified as the core problem of the project. These results were evaluated through a series of semi-structured interviews. This evaluation shows that I) it is possible to represent the objectives, constraints, and alternative solutions of an architectural project as contradiction by the Problem Graph (with 92.3% positive response for the elements concerning form and function, and 85% for those concerning economy and time), II) the contribution of the Problem Graph to the program qualities, such as clarity of problem statement; traceability of problems and the entirety of the Problems space, is significant, and, III) the TRIZ techniques and their tools could contribute to concept generation in the early phases of architectural designs. The evaluation is different for each concept, but it attests the relevance of the concepts (with an average of 58%) and their interest (with an average of 67%). The findings of this thesis discusses the advantages and the disadvantages of the use of TRIZ concept of contradiction as a conceptual strategy for building the Problem space in the early phases of architectural designs. The conclusion presents some thoughts on TRIZ limitations for an architectural endeavor as well as some perspectives for further research aiming integrating the TRIZ into current research in architectural design. Also, some further developments in the IDM-TRIZ which allows better adapting to architectural practice are discussed.

<div>The electric power system of a deep space vehicle is mission-critical, and needs to operate autonomously because of high latency in communicating with ground-based mission control. Key tasks to be automated include managing loads under various physical constraints, continuously monitoring the system state to detect and locate faults, and efficiently responding to those faults. </div><div><br></div><div>This work focuses on three aspects for achieving autonomous, fault-tolerant operation in the dc power system of a spacecraft. First, a sequential procedure is proposed to estimate the node voltages and branch currents in the power system from erroneous sensor measurements. An optimal design for the sensor network is also put forth to enable reliable sensor fault detection and identification. Secondly, a machine-learning based approach that utilizes power-spectrum based features of the current signal is suggested to identify component faults in power electronic converters in the system. Finally, an optimization algorithm is set</div><div>forth that decides how to operate the power system under both normal and faulted conditions. Operational decisions include shedding loads, switching lines, and controlling battery charging. Results of case studies considering various faults in the system are presented.</div>

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