No Brasil, à semelhança do mercado americano, muitos investidores têm migrado das compras de escritórios e flats, para a aplicação em Fundos de Investimentos Imobiliários (FII) e outros produtos de investimentos resultado da securitização de portfólios. Apesar de ter a grande vantagem da agilidade de investimento e desinvestimento em contrapartida à imobilização decorrente do investimento direto no imóvel, a falta de conhecimento com relação ao comportamento de mercado, aliada ao desconhecimento dos critérios de avaliação e indicadores de qualidade desse tipo de investimento, acaba por contribuir para a geração de expectativas descoladas do desempenho potencial do portfólio, podendo inibir a aplicação de capital pelos pequenos e médios investidores, os quais constituem a maior parcela no contexto dos FII. O trabalho pretendeu através da análise crítica de dez relatórios de FII existentes, identificar as lacunas de informações e as disparidades de formatação e divulgação de alguns indicadores consolidados no mercado. A partir desta análise, foi possível alcançar o objetivo do trabalho: elencar um conjunto mínimo de informações, organizando-as de forma clara e objetiva, de modo a permitir uma leitura adequada da qualidade e dos riscos do investimento em EEL abrigado em FII. O resultado deste trabalho é destinado aos potenciais investidores e atuais cotistas de FII, pois ajuda na hierarquização das oportunidades de investimento com relação à capacidade de geração de renda homogênea e estável, reserva de valor e liquidez, além de evidenciar os riscos envolvidos relacionados ao desempenho operacional do portfólio de EEL. / In Brazil, as in the American market, many investors have migrated from offices and flats shopping for the application in Real Estate Investment Funds (FII) and other investment products result of the securitization portfolios. Despite the great advantage of investment agility and disinvestment in contrast to immobilization resulting from direct investment in the property, the lack of knowledge regarding the market behavior, coupled with the lack of evaluation criteria and quality indicators such investment, ultimately contributes to the generation of expectations \"unstuck\" the potential performance of the portfolio and may inhibit capital investment by small and medium investors, which make up the largest share in the context of FIIs. The work sought through the critical analysis of ten existing FII reports, identify information gaps and the disparities in formatting and disclosure of some consolidated indicators in the market. From this analysis, it was possible to achieve the objective of the work: to establish a minimum set of information, organizing them in a clear and objective way, in order to allow an adequate reading of the quality and risks of the investment in EII housed in FII. The result of this work is intended for potential investors and current quota holders of FII, as it helps in the hierarchization of investment opportunities with respect to the capacity to generate homogeneous and stable income, reserve value and liquidity, as well as to highlight the risks involved related to performance The EEL portfolio.

Nas décadas de 50 e 60, muitas empresas norte-americanas iniciaram um processo intensivo de diversificação de negócios, principalmente não relacionada, devido à disponibilidade de capital e forte regulação antitruste, atingindo seu ápice no final da década de 60 e gerando o surgimento de conglomerados corporativos gigantes. Nos anos 70, após muitas diversificações mal sucedidas e desinvestimentos, Rumelt (1974) creditou à diversificação relacionada melhores resultados que a não relacionada. Iniciou-se a tendência de retorno à especialização, no entanto se carecia de um modelo que descrevesse como otimizar as diversificações não relacionadas, muitas vezes importantes do ponto de vista estratégico, o que foi contemplado no modelo de Roberts e Berry (1985). Estes autores desenvolveram a caracterização das diferentes alternativas de crescimento bem como em que situações cada qual é recomendada, propondo a seleção de modalidades estratégicas ótimas de crescimento e entrada em novos negócios segundo o grau de novidade e familiaridade com tecnologias e mercados, contemplando assim as escolhas mais indicadas para as diversificações com diferentes graus de relacionamento, incluindo Desenvolvimentos Internos de Produtos e Mercados, Aquisições, Licenciamentos, Internal Ventures, Joint-Ventures, Venture Capital e Educational acquisitions, cada qual mais indicada em função dos fatores críticos da seleção, ou seja, o nível de recursos disponíveis, competências e conhecimento disponíveis nas dimensões de tecnologia e mercado, retorno e prazo de retorno, risco envolvido, aderência estratégica, grau de diversificação almejado e envolvimento gerencial da empresa mãe. No entanto, embora desde então venha sendo recomendado na literatura, os próprios autores recomendaram que o modelo fosse validado em pesquisas de maior abrangência de episódios e em diferentes contextos industriais, já que realizaram o estudo acessando 14 episódios em uma empresa americana com diversificação de negócios. Assim, o objetivo principal do estudo é analisar a validade do modelo proposto por Roberts&Berry, em um universo mais abrangente de pesquisa, para isso realiza-se uma pesquisa utilizando o estudo de casos da Odebrecht Química, com histórico de grande crescimento e diversificação e pertencente à indústria petroquímica brasileira, que representa 8,0 % do PIB industrial do Brasil. São analisados 30 episódios de crescimento e diversificação em profundidade. Identificam-se e caracterizam-se as modalidades de crescimento e entrada em novos negócios da empresa-caso nos últimos vinte anos; verifica-se a adequação destas ao modelo; identificam-se os fatores determinantes da seleção, e identificam-se os fatores críticos determinantes do desempenho destas escolhas. Foram utilizadas entrevistas em profundidade e questionários semiestruturados para a coleta de dados primários e análise documental para a obtenção de dados secundários. Como resultados da pesquisa, verifica-se que os episódios analisados apresentaram forte aderência à matriz de familiaridade de Roberts & Berry, sendo que 87 % dos bem sucedidos se encontravam na modalidade sugerida pela matriz e 100 % dos mal sucedidos se constituíam em modalidades não recomendáveis em face da familiaridade apresentada no momento da seleção. De forma a validar o modelo, acessaram-se os constructos teóricos implícitos na matriz - fatores motivadores da seleção e fatores determinantes do desempenho - com os dados empíricos dos episódios, com o que se conclui pela validade do modelo no setor industrial. Adicionalmente, como refinamento do modelo, propôs-se o enquadramento de novas modalidades não contempladas no modelo original, como fusões e aquisições com integração vertical para trás. Finalmente, analisa-se o caso de parcerias tecnológicas, sugerindo-se o provável enquadramento no modelo, a ser verificado em pesquisas subsequentes. Contribui-se tanto do ponto de vista teórico, trazendo novas evidências sobre a decisão estratégica em empresas de enfoque tecnológico, como do ponto de vista prático, através da avaliação de um modelo de grande interesse empresarial. / In the fifties and the sixties, several American companies started an intensive business diversification process, mainly of the unrelated diversification, in order to face the new environment characterized by capital abundance and strengthen of antitrust regulation issues. This has generated the emerging of giant corporate conglomerates. In the seventies, after a lot of non-profitable diversifications and consequents divestitures episodes, Rumelt (1974) noticed that the companies which had adopted related diversification showed better profit results than those which had adopted the unrelated diversification, and these facts generated a new trend towards the specialization. However, there was a lack of a prescriptive model dealing with the unrelated diversification very important many times for reaching the strategic and long term goals- the one that could describe the best conditions necessary to adopt and optimize the results of these kinds of growth strategies. It was contemplated in the Roberts and Berry (1985) model. These authors presented the characterization of the alternative growth strategies including Internal Product Developments, Internal Market Developments, Acquisitions, Licensings, Internal Ventures, Joint Ventures, Venture Capital and Educational Acquisitions. as well as the optimum situations for selecting each one, according to the relative degree of existing newness and familiarity with technologies and markets, and also depending on the critical selection factors, such as the level of available resources, the abilities and knowledge available in the technology and market dimensions, financial returns over invested capital and break-even time, involved risks, strategic fit, degree of diversification and corporate involvement of the parent company. Although this model has been recommended in the literature since then, its own authors had suggested that it was validated in different industrial contexts and by assessing a wider array of episodes they studied 14 episodes in a diversified American company. Thus, the main aim of the study is to analyze the validity of the Roberts and Berry model in a wider research extension, assessing the empirical data obtained through a case study of a big and diversified Brazilian company, Odebrecht Química, leader in the petrochemical sector, which represents 8% of Brazilian industrial GDP. It analyzes in depth 30 growth and diversification episodes occured in the last 20 years, carrying out the episodes descriptions and characterizations, verifying the adequacy to the model, describing the critical factors for selecting the entry strategies and finally considering the influence of these factors in the performance levels reached. In-depth interviews and a semi-structured questionnaire were used for collecting primary data and document analysis was used for obtaining secondary data. The findings show that empirical data fitted very well to the familiarity matrix, reaching 87 % adherence to the model in the succesful episodes located in regions recommended by the matrix, and 100 % adherence in the incompatible episodes - located in diverse regions recomended by the matrix. In order to validate the theoretical model, the constructs were accessed, as the determinant factors for selecting the strategy and the critical factors of performance. The results allow the conclusion by the validity of the model in the sector analyzed. Additionally, as possible refinements suggested for the model, the inclusion and positioning in the model of the merger strategies and acquisitions with up-stream vertical integration strategies are provided. Finally, a framework to technological partnership strategies is proposed, to be verified in subsequent researches. This study aims to contribute on one hand, from the theoretical point of view, bringing new evidences in the theory of strategic management of technology, as well as from the practical point of view, through the evaluation of a tool for supporting better strategic decisions.

O objetivo dessa dissertação é apresentar um problema de otimização do uso de recursos críticos no desenvolvimento de poços de petróleo marítimos e a técnica empregada para a abordagem proposta ao problema. A revisão da técnica de Programação por Restrições é feita analisando aspectos relevantes de modelagem, propagação, busca e paradigmas de programação. A especialização da técnica para problemas de escalonamento, o Escalonamento Baseado em Restrições, é descrita com ênfase nos paradigmas descritivos e nos mecanismos de propagação de restrições. Como subsídio ao uso da técnica em outros problemas, a linguagem comercial de modelagem OPL é apresentada no Apêndice. O objetivo da abordagem ao problema é obter um escalonador para maximizar a produção de óleo obtida no curto prazo. O escalonador proposto baseia-se na declaração de um modelo empregando variáveis de intervalo. Um algoritmo e um modelo de Programação Linear Inteira abordando relaxações do problema são apresentados para que se obtenha um limitante superior ao valor de produção ótimo. Para o cenário real no qual a análise experimental foi feita, foram obtidas soluções a menos de 16% do ótimo após uma hora de execução; e os testes em instâncias de tamanhos variados evidenciaram a robustez do escalonador. Direções para trabalhos futuros são apresentadas ponderando os resultados obtidos. / The aim of this work is to present a problem of optimizing the use of critical resources to develop offshore oil wells and the technique used to approach the problem. The review of the Constraint Programming technique is made by analyzing relevant aspects of modeling, propagation, search and programming paradigms. The specialization of the technique to scheduling problems, known as Constraint-Based Scheduling, is described with emphasis on descriptive paradigms and constraint propagation mechanisms. In order to support the use of the technique to tackle other problems, the commercial modeling language OPL is presented in the appendix. The aim of the approach to the problem is to obtain a scheduler that maximizes the short-term production of oil. The scheduler presented relies on the description of a model using interval variables. An algorithm and an Integer Linear Programming model approaching relaxations of the problem are presented in order to obtain an upper bound for the optimal production value. For the real scenario upon which the experimental analysis was done, there were found solutions within 16% of the optimal after one hour of execution; and the tests on instances of varied sizes gave evidence of the robustness of the scheduler. Directions for future work are presented based on the results achieved.

With advancements in AI technology, its application in recruitment has gained prominence due to potential benefits such as increased efficiency, improved candidate selection, and reduced bias. This thesis aims to explore the factors that influence the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the recruitment process and provides insights on how organizations can leverage these factors to optimize recruitment outcomes. However, several factors impact the successful utilization of AI in recruitment processes. By examining these factors through a comprehensive literature review and empirical analysis, this research emphasize to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with AI implementation in recruitment. Moreover, this study seeks to provide insights for organizations to effectively leverage these factors to optimize recruitment outcomes. The findings highlights the impact of AI adoption in recruitment and identifies strategies and practices that organizations can employ to optimize recruitment outcomes through AI utilization. This study emphasised to combine these strategies to build trust and ensuring transparency and explainability of AI algorithms, and addressing potential biases and discrimination. By examining the factors that influence AI adoption in recruitment, this research provides valuable insights for HR professionals and organizational leaders to leverage AI effectively in the recruitment process. This thesis emphasizes the importance AI adoption in recruitment and taking measures to maximize benefits and minimize risks. It contributes to the expanding knowledge on AI in recruitment, enabling organizations to make informed decisions and optimize recruitment outcomes in the digital transformation era.

Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / The problem addressed in this research is that large-scale estate developments in the Western Cape generally have, up to now, apparently not fulfilled their potential as primary economic drivers, thus, failing to contribute in a significant manner to addressing the primary challenges facing the present-day South Africa, namely poverty, inequality, and environmental degradation. This research focused on the recently-formulated project-based Sustainable Development Initiative (SDI) approach as a strategy to optimally unlock the potential benefits of largescale development as a primary economic driver. In the research, the potential of the SDI approach in this regard was tested by comparing the envisaged performance of an SDI to be implemented in the Hoogekraal area near George in the South Cape with the performance of five selected large-scale estate developments that have been planned and developed in terms of the ‘conventional’ approach as it was defined for this research. The over-arching purpose of the research was to determine whether the project-based SDI approach, as demonstrated by the pre-development condition of the proposed Hoogekraal SDI, could make a meaningful contribution to the alleviation of poverty, inequality and environmental degradation and whether it presents an improvement in this regard on the ‘conventional’ planning, implementation and management approach for large-scale estate developments. The SDI approach, in its current, conceptual format, does not profess to be flawless. The research has left a number of questions unanswered pertaining to, in particular, the mobilisation, involvement, and required participation capacity of the communities that would be affected by an SDI. The research has indicated that the proponents of the SDI approach still have a long way to go to bridge the divergent views and evident opposition against large-scale estate development of conservation-orientated NGOs and community groups, and factions within government departments. However, the research has indicated that the SDI approach holds the promise to be an innovative strategy through which the benefits of large-scale development could be optimised for both people and the environment. The SDI approach, at least, represents an honest response to the national goals for sustainable development put forward in, amongst others, the South African Constitution. It is therefore concluded that there is merit in the claim of the SDI proponents that the SDI approach to large-scale development presents, to a larger extent than the ‘conventional’ approach, a mechanism through which this development typology can contribute to the eradication of poverty, inequality and environmental rehabilitation in partnership with local communities and other stakeholders. It is believed that this research can contribute as: a) an input in the drafting of regional and municipal development policy aimed at promoting sustainable development, for example, the spatial development frameworks prepared by municipalities in terms of the Local Government Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000 (South Africa 2000); b) a basis for the planning and implementation of large-scale estate developments in a manner that would, on balance, improve the state of any given condition in a sustainable, integrated, holistic and practical manner and in partnership with those who would be affected by the developments and those who support the ethos of sustainable development; and c) a basis for further research pertaining to the implementation and long-term management of the SDI approach at the project level, the objective being to promote the continual improvement of the approach.

No abstract / Development Studies / M.A. (Development Studies)

Import sanctions were used to a very limited extent against South Africa in the early sixties and latter half of the seventies to clearly signal the international community's disapproval of the country's apartheid policy. In the middle eighties South Africa was further exposed to a two year wave of export and financial sanctions. This was after the government had already committed itself to move away from apartheid as a policy that was no longer deemed feasible. All these sanctions were lifted in the early nineties after the abolition of apartheid but before negotiations for a new constitutional dispensation had firmly got under way. Contrary to some popular impressions, the 1985-87 sanctions were also severe1y limited in scope and nature, with the result that their economic impact was only marginal at best. They were introduced at a time when the country unexpectedly had to face a foreign debt crisis and had to drastically adjust the economy downward, not unlike that experienced by many other developing countries. The severe recession and greater socio-political unrest that followed did not lead to an escalation of sanctions, but nevertheless threatened to make large parts of the country ungovernable. The evidence is that sanctions only played a minor role in bringing about this poor and deteriorating state of affairs. The political aims of abolishing apartheid and preparing the way for negotiations was achieved mainly as a result of certain internal political developments, together with the political implications of such major other outside developments as the economic collapse of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Soviet Union. South Africa's experience with sanctions confirms that as elsewhere their economic impact as an instrument of foreign policy was invariably exaggerated, whereas their contribution in explaining the subsequent course of political events was at best uncertain. / Department of Economics / Ph.D. (Economics)

The process by which the classical music business operates in the UK changed significantly through the marketing of a classical music recording which took place in 1989. EMI’s recording of Vivaldi’s work Four Seasons with the violinist Nigel Kennedy was given a unique marketing campaign for a classical music recording. Instead of the traditional marketing approach for a classical music release, pop marketing techniques were employed. In a different but related development, in 1990, the first of the Three Tenors concerts was held in Rome to mark the final match of the 1990 Fédération Internationale de Football Association’s (FIFA) world cup competition. The success of this second record campaign lay in the novelty of three tenors performing together at a football competition. The result was classical music achieving worldwide exposure through global radio and television broadcasts. Both case studies help further classical music as a form of popular culture. Earlier precedent demonstrates pieces of classical music being used for adverts or films and becoming popular. For example Ravel’s Bolero was used in a seduction scene in the film 10 between Bo Derek and Dudley Moore in 1984, and by ice-skaters Torvill and Dean in the same year for the final of the 1984 Winter Olympics. Another example is Orff’s Carmina Burana sections of which have been used for aftershave and lager adverts as well as being sung at football matches. Because the reach of the audience is larger than that in a traditional classical music setting, the pieces achieve a mass cultural perspective in this context. My thesis examines the impact that the success of the Four Seasons and Three Tenors releases had on the classical music business and the development in marketing and selling techniques that emanated from their success. Examples of marketing campaigns post the Four Seasons are included to show the extent of non-traditional classical marketing techniques used subsequently by the classical music industry, some of which I devised and implemented. My research also analyses how trading over the internet has had an impact on the music business as a whole, and how the classical music sector has followed the pop area of the music industry in creating different ways of selling to traditional and new consumers through online trading. This part of the thesis focuses on the period between 2000-2010, especially from 2006 when developments in this field progressed. My study will draw on a Case Study approach using multiple data collection methods. Also employed is descriptive analysis using a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques, in particular through industry reports. The reasons for the sales success of both recordings are examined in my thesis. The Four Seasons achieved 2 million sales and an entry into the Guinness Book of Records as the best-selling classical music recording of all time at that point. The recording of the 1990 Three Tenors concert and the successive recordings of similar concerts in 1994 and 1998 led to these albums becoming the all-time best-selling classical recordings. For example, worldwide sales for the 1990 recording reached over 12 million CDs, cassettes and videos combined and 23 million for the 1990, 1994 and 1998 Three Tenors recordings. These projects not only gave increased exposure to the classical music genre by expanding its traditional consumer reach, they also created a force for change in business models affecting the marketing and visibility of classical music since 1989. A further significant factor in the success of these vocal recordings (as well as the chance for classical music to be heard outside its traditional boundary) was the use of the arresting aria Nessun dorma from Puccini’s opera Turandot. This was sung by Pavarotti and used by the BBC for all its programmes broadcasting the 1990 football matches in the competition. The effect of internet selling and downloading on the music business was encouraged by the creation of Apple’s iTunes program in 2001. The invention of the iPod in 2002 and the legal entity of Napster in 2004 led to much increased accessibility of music. For classical music with its long movements and being part of a slow-moving market (compared to pop music), this area of the business only witnessed an increase in activity through the expansion of Broadband nationally during 2006 and 2007, reaching 70% in 2009 (discussed on page 90, chapter 4). Since then, the growth of classical music e-tailers has forged a new way of operating in the classical music field. The thesis will give examples of the leading companies trading over the internet and their influence on the classical music market. Contributions from practitioners in the music business inform my thesis through their own witnessing of changes in the classical music business since the Four Seasons campaign. My own experience as a former Head of Press and Promotion for both Decca Classics and EMI Classics, and also currently as a marketing and business consultant for classical music organisations, offers a useful and relevant addition to my research. My contribution to knowledge is to identify the adaptation of pop music marketing tools by the classical music industry over a 20 year time frame. My close involvement in the EMI Four Seasons campaign places me in a unique position to identify and evaluate the significance of the publicity campaign of that recording not only at that time but in the years that followed.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Este trabalho trata de estudos de casos qualitativos dirigidos para a análise da produtividade e da qualidade em hospitais. Foram considerados cinco hospitais - três públicos e dois privados, todos de grande porte, localizados na região metropolitana da cidade de São Paulo - Brasil, que possuem programas, metodologias e/ou ferramentas da qualidade estabelecidos em seus processos, e que busquem a melhoria contínua. Analisa a influência que estes programas, metodologias e/ou ferramentas têm sobre os processos, produtos e serviços oferecidos, além de aspectos específicos da qualidade quando aplicados em sistemas de saúde do Brasil. Para esta análise, são apresentadas sete proposições. Para confirmar ou refutar as proposições da pesquisa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas em cada hospital, divididas em duas partes: a) pesquisa semiestruturada, realizada tomando como base a revisão da literatura pertinente e b) pesquisa semiestruturada, realizada tomando como base a metodologia da EFQM. Os resultados mostram que há uma convergência entre a aplicação de programas, metodologias e ferramentas da qualidade e a acreditação hospitalar. Indicam, também, que a acreditação é o principal meio pelo qual um hospital inicia e difunde a gestão da qualidade e que o apoio da alta direção influencia positivamente na disseminação de uma cultura de qualidade nas instituições. A conclusão da pesquisa mostra que as proposições não se confirmam de forma plena e duas variáveis de destaque na literatura não são empregadas. Foi proposta uma matriz de resultados, com o objetivo de indicar qual programa, metodologia ou ferramenta da qualidade deve ser empregada para atingir o efeito esperado, de acordo com a entrada aplicada. / This work is to qualitative case studies directed to the analysis of productivity and quality in hospitals. Were considered five hospitals - three public and two private, large all, located in the metropolitan region of São Paulo - Brazil, which have programs, methodologies and / or quality tools established in its processes, and seek continuous improvement. Analyzes the influence that these programs, methodologies and / or tools have on processes, products and services, as well as specific aspects of quality when applied to the Brazilian health systems. For this analysis, seven propositions were presented. To confirm or refute the propositions of research, semi-structured interviews were conducted in each hospital, divided into two parts: a) semi-structured survey, conducted on the basis the review of the literature and b) semi-structured survey, conducted based on the methodology EFQM. The results show that there is a convergence between the application programs, methodologies and tools of quality and healthcare accreditation. Also, indicate that accreditation is the primary means by which a hospital starts and spreads the quality management and the support of senior management positively influences the spread of a culture of quality in institutions. The conclusion of the research shows that propositions it was not confirmed fully and two prominent variables in the literature it was not employed. Was proposed a payoff matrix, in order to indicate which program, method or quality tool must be used to reach the desired effect according to the applied input.